...1 Assignment Pfizer’s Drug Testing Strategy in Nigeria http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/bus-616-week-1-assignment-pfizers-drug-testing-strategy-nigeria/ Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria Read Management Focus: Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria in chapter 4 of your text and write a 3-4 page paper in APA format that answers the following questions: What are the different phases that a Drug Company goes through in order to bring a new drug product to market in the U.S. and Europe? Did Pfizer behave unethically by rushing to take advantage of an epidemic in Nigeria to test experimental drugs on children? Should it have been less opportunistic and proceeded more carefully? Were corners cut with regard to patient consent in the rush to establish a trial? Did doctors keep patients on Trovan too long when they should have switched them to another medication? Is it ethical to test experimental drugs on children in a crisis setting in the developing world where the overall standard of health care is so much lower than in the developed world and proper protocols might not be followed? BUS 616 week 1 Assignment Pfizer’s Drug Testing Strategy in Nigeria http://homeworktimes.com/downloads/bus-616-week-1-assignment-pfizers-drug-testing-strategy-nigeria/ Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria Read Management Focus: Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria in chapter 4 of your text and write a 3-4 page paper in APA format that answers the following questions: ...
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...products? Approximately 225 million animals are used for testing every year. Billions have been killed in the process. ("Questions and Answers About Biomedical Research.”) How can this be allowed? Isn’t it cruel to use animals to test products for humans? Many animal rights activists say, “yes” to this question. However, scientists argue it is necessary and animal research can help save human lives. There are probable arguments for both sides. But the dangers of using animals to test products for human use weighs an even greater risk than not using the animals. Alternatives are much more ethical. Over the years, scientists have used animals to test the toxicity of products being produced for humans. Their argument is clear: that animals can be helpful in aiding to provide advances in human health and new drug findings. Animal testing has helped find some medicines to fight cancer, as well as other medicines now used, for example: Insulin, antibiotics and HIV drugs. It is this very reason that scientists and others support the testing of animals. In fact, there are even some people that will support the use of medical research on animals but they do not support the use of animals for cosmetics to be tested on. Another aspect they tend to want people to take into consideration is that animal testing helps ensure the safety of drugs being used as well as other substances humans are exposed to on a regular basis. When a drug is tested on an animal first the claim is that, it...
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...Animal Testing and Experimentation Imagine a small dog locked in a kennel for the majority of its life while being used for chemical and drug testing. Many die before they are saved by rescues. Riley is one of the lucky ones who had the chance to start a new life. At the age of three years old, Riley got to see all of the things that he never got to see as a puppy. He saw grass and the sky for the first time. He finally got to play with toys and run around with other dogs. He got a chance at a new life with a family to love him for the duration of his days ("Beagles Rescued From Labs In Bay Area, Nation After Being Used For Chemical Testing"). Animal research and animal testing is unethical and unnecessary, it needs to be prohibited or the laws surrounding it need to be stricter to protect the safety of the animals. There are many important aspects when it comes to animal testing such as alternative methods, how necessary it is to test on the animals, the similarities and differences between animals and humans, where the animals come from, and if it is inhumane....
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...Case Study 2: Drug Testing Drug testing in the workplace became legal when President Reagan signed "Executive Order 12564 -- Drug-free Federal workplace". In turn, that spawned the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988. Although both apply only to the workplaces of Federal employers and Federal contractors and grantees, private-sector employers immediately followed the government's lead because they legally could. However, there is much controversy over the legality of drug testing in the workplace, especially the legality of random drug testing. Many legal professionals consider it to be a personal privacy invasion and an unreasonable search and seizure, contrary to our rights granted by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Subsequently, employee drug testing lawsuits have and continue to challenge the legality of drug testing. Should Castulon Corp. establish a drug testing program? The short answer is yes. There are several factors that could change this but based upon the information I see no need for there not to be testing. There are a multitude of reasons any company including Castulon should and do implement drug testing. They do it to keep their employees and others safe. Workers on drugs present a clear and present danger to themselves, co-workers, and members of the public. Employers cannot and should not allow the safety and health of others to be jeopardized by drug abusers in the workplace. Drug users are not only more likely to injure others...
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...greatness of America is nothing but a error. Animal experimentation should be abolished, because of its uneithical to destory an innocent animals life. Vivisection, surgery on a living organism for experimenetal purposes, wass first documented in the the writing of the Greeks in the third and forth centery BC. Aristotle was one of the first to do experiments of living animals. It is safe to say this is an ancient practice. Mondernly, animals are used in testing everything from soap to cancer and aid treatments. A common misconception people have about animal testing is that only rats or small rodents are being tested on; this however is false. While a large percentage of animal testing and vivisection occur on rats and mice. Dogs, cats, monkey, pigs, rabbits, horses, and birds are also used. These animals have make up placed in there eyes while they are concious to determine its effect on sensitive eye tissues. This prosess often causes blindness, and extreme irritaion and pain to the animal being tested. For presciption drug tests animals are given doses of trial...
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...Original Assignment In recent years, it has become an increasingly popular practice for drug companies to perform their clinical testing of new drugs in foreign countries that might not have the consumer protections or product liability laws present in the United States. Please answer each of the following questions using a theory studied in Module 2 specifically and thoroughly and using examples and facts from the readings and resources. 1. Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? Drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries are not acting ethically. Testing of experimental drugs should be done in the host country where the drugs are being manufactured. A major ethical dilemma that is being looked at with this is that the foreign countries that these clinical trials are happening in are not fully educated on the risks or fully understand what they are getting themselves into. After reading the articles many things stood out that these countries may not know what they are signing up for. Anil Netto quoted in the article titled “Health-Asia: Ethics in Outsourcing Drug Trials Questioned,” that by doing these clinical trials in foreign countries, drug companies are “exploiting the healthy who are strapped for cash and the sick who seek cheap or free remedies.” In regards to the utilitarian theory, testing drugs in foreign countries would prove to be unethical. Utilitarianism more specifically act utilitarianism...
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...Drug Testing – An Introduction Despite recent and strong empirical evidence proving employment-based drug screenings do not increase productivity – and in many cases may even adversely affect productivity – more and more employers continue to require a clean drug screening for consideration of employment. If you are applying for a job, the chances are good that you will need to take a drug test. While a few industries are still considered “safe” from drug testing (namely, restaurant and hospitality), this is by no means an industry standard. Larger offices are particularly diligent in their drug testing efforts. If your prospective employer has around 100 employees or has government or private financial backing, you can bet your bottom dollar that you will be tested; if not for pre-employment, then at some point during your tenure with that company. To simplify things, your prospective employer is only testing for illegal drugs during a drug screening. They cannot, by law, test for pregnancy or medical conditions during a drug test. Thankfully, prospective employers cannot run your urine, hair, saliva or blood and see what substances or activities in which you have engaged over the last ten years. Such actions are not only illegal – they are currently impossible. In this Guide, you will learn how long the chemical traces, or metabolites, stay in your system (for example, marijuana can stay in your blood stream for as long as two months!). The Department of Defense requires...
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...CIP Preparation Course Summer 2008 Project Lead: Susan Rose, Ph.D. Office for the Protection of Research Subjects Instructors: Darcy Spicer, Frances Richmond, Kathy Hurtado, Sandy Jean, Kristin Craun, Susan Rose, Peter Mestaz, Gordon Olacsi, Marlene Krammer HRA 7th Floor, Conference Room Weekly on Mondays from 4:30pm – 6:00pm From June 16, 2008 – August 18, 2008. Genora Baker, John Revilla, RoseAnn Fleming, Nasairah Carter, Marie Reyes, Scott Maul Location: When: Attendees: Course Objectives: The objective of this course is to provide IRB staff with the necessary tools, information, training, and support needed to prepare for and successfully pass the Certified IRB Professional (CIP) examination. Course Content Week 1 (6/16/08) Lecture Content and Speaker(s) Introduction, Overview, History, Common Terminology (Susan, Gordon, Peter) HHS/OHRP regulations, definitions, guidances (Kristin) FDA regulations & definitions, FDA/HHS similarities & differences, applicability (Kathy & Sandy) Reportables: Adverse Events, Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or Others (Darcy) HSPP/IRB Organizational & Administration International Research (Kristin, Sandy) Vulnerable Populations (Frances Richmond) Week 2 (6/23/08) Week 3 (6/30/08) Week 4 (7/7/08) Week 5 (7/14/08) Week 6 (7/21/08) Updated 6/19/08 1 of 2 Week 7 (7/28/08) Revisit FDA & OHRP ICH & GCP (Kathy & Kristin or Sandy) HIPAA, COI, State Law (Marlene) *Pre-post practice test, Q&A, CIP Discussion...
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...Pre Employment Drug Testing FAQ Pre employment drug testing is becoming a more and more common hiring requirement. It is estimated that 98 percent of Fortune 200 companies have implemented some form of employee drug testing during their recruitment process. It is important to be prepared for these drug tests by knowing what to expect. Recruiters suggest that about 60 percent of all new hires are required to take a drug test today. We answer your questions about drug testing for employment purposes. Do you know what the pre-employment drug testing process involves? You can find out in detail at employment drug screening Is employment drug testing legal? Most employers have fairly wide latitude when it comes to pre employment drug tests and the current emphasis on drug free workplaces encourages this. Each state has its own laws governing employment drug testing which employers should follow. Generally these allow for drug testing of job applicants provided the applicants know that the testing is part of the hiring process for all employees. Some states require a formal conditional offer of employment be given to the applicant before testing can take place. Often notification of pre employment drug testing is given on the application form which the candidate signs. Sometimes separate specific notification is given at the first interview. What about the job applicant's rights to privacy? The US Supreme Court has held that both blood and urine collection are minimally...
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...Choose 4 of the 5 questions below to answer. Please provide thorough answers and write in complete sentences. 1. A healthy, young client informs the nurse that she is enrolled om a clinical drug research study. The nurse recognizes the client is involved in which phase of trials? a. Pre-clinical b. Clinical c. Review of the New Drug Application (NDA) d. Post-marketing surveillance The answer is: ¬¬ Clinical Briefly explain what happens in each phase of testing new drugs. Preclinical: Comprises of extensive laboratory research, done on human, microbial and animal cells. Consequently, predicting the effects the drug will have on humans and determines the drug-dose range. However, results in this phase...
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...that can be said about the subject of drug testing welfare recipients. It can be said that it is unfair, and that may be true. It can also be said that it is justifiable, and this may also be true. In this paper I plan to prove that drug testing welfare recipients is unconstitutional, as well as costly to the state administering such test. Testing the recipients can be considered stereotypical and very demeaning. While making sure welfare funds are used properly, it is too costly and does not provide adequate results. In the past ten years drug testing welfare recipients has been a huge issue. While most people are all for it, there are just as many people if not more that are against it. While it may be true that some welfare recipients are doing drugs, all of them are not. It can and will be proven that drug testing these recipients is a waste of time and tax payers’ money. Yes, yours and my hard earned tax dollars are and will be spent on welfare recipients who may or may not be using drugs. Think for a second…what else can my tax dollars be used for? Possible improving badly paved streets. How about fixing that run down playground with the overgrown grass? Maybe the money can even be used toward the remodeling the library of a school. While other states such as Florida have tried testing and been semi-successful other state such as New Hampshire attempt turned out differently. According to Concord Monitor (2013) “while the drug testing was in place there, only 2.6 percent...
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...Drug Testing Welfare Recipients: Scandal or Solution Welfare programs as we know today were created in the 1930’s during the great depression to aid unemployed and under employed people in supporting their families. (“The”) It was not intended to be a government funded crutch for substance abusers. Often tax payers complain about tax monies being spent to support the habits of drug users who receive welfare. The fix to this problem is simple, drug testing. Drug test everyone on welfare and when the welfare recipient tests positive, take away the benefit. Problem solved. But is it? The consideration of testing welfare recipients for drug use has been debated since welfare reform in 1996. Subsequently, “at least eight states have passed legislation regarding drug testing or screening for public assistance applicants or recipients (Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Utah)”. (United, par. 2) Legislators in twenty other states have also proposed drug testing for people who receive welfare. (Prah) However, drug testing welfare recipients is an ineffective use of tax monies because drug abuse is not common in welfare recipients, it is expensive and unproductive, and it is a violation of personal rights. It is easy to believe that most people who receive welfare have some sort of drug abuse problem; nevertheless this could not be further from the truth. The reality is, of the 310 million people living in the United States in 2011, only 1.95 million...
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...Drug Testing: The Aid to Improving Our Welfare System By: Jennifer, Jacob, Kelsey, Mattie, and Devin Introduction Attention-getting remarks: Every single one of us in this class will one day have a job, and with that job we will be required to pay taxes. Have you ever thought about where the taxes we pay goes to and whether or not it’s going towards a helpful and productive cause? Thesis: Today we will break down the pros and cons of enforcing welfare recipients to be drug tested. Preview: Our group will inform you all about what welfare actually is, as well as reasons as to why some people believe it is a violation of their rights to be drug tested in order to receive welfare. More importantly, you will hear the opposing side of this issue, which is in favor of drug testing, along with reasons we believe it will benefit the welfare system. (First let’s get a better understanding of what welfare actually is.) Body I. Usually when one hears the word welfare, he thinks of public assistance. A. According to the welfare info website, welfare can also be characterized as a financial assistance to needy individuals, which is supplied through the taxes paid by the working society. (welfareinfo) 1. It also improves the quality of life and standards of living for the poor. II. Now that we all understand what welfare is, let’s look at the pros and cons of enforcing drug testing to receive this assistance. A. As said by Florida’s Governor Rick...
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...employees for illegal drug use? May 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ______________________________________________________ Page 3 Introduction __________________________________________________ Page 3 Options and Analysis _________________________________________ Page 5 Libertarian Law _______________________________________________ Page 5 Utilitarian Law ________________________________________________ Page 6 Distributive Justice ____________________________________________ Page 7 Recommendation ______________________________________________ Page 8 References ____________________________________________________ Page 9 ABSTRACT This paper examines the problem of drug testing in the workplace and how one may apply different ethical models to this HR quandary. When companies decide to test, they should do so in a reasonable way. This paper provides background information on libertarianism, utilitarianism, and a distributive justice models. These ethical theories are generally accepted standards of right and wrong to conduct a business environment. They are discussed and interpreted in regard to how a company might apply the concepts to drug testing. The paper recommends the use of the libertarian model as it provides a rational approach, and one that is balanced, in respect to the question of testing. According to the interpretation of the author, the libertarian approach would allow for testing under certain...
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...The following question appeared in paper 2 of the June 2015 additional examination (actual question number 4.3): Drug-testing kits are sometimes used in schools. The current drug test which uses blood or urine samples is considered to be too personal (invasive). A new drug test, the Saliva Drug Test (SDT), uses saliva and is considered to be less personal than the current test. It can be used to test for up to 9 different types of drugs. The pictures below show the drug-testing instrument and the swab used to take a sample of saliva. The tree diagram below shows the outcomes of the SDT after testing the saliva of the same person twice. Study the tree diagram above to answer the following questions. 1. Give the probability (as a common fraction) of obtaining both...
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