...The picture of the people of Israel as portrayed in the historical narratives and in their poetry are compared as follows. In the historical narrative view, the people of Israel were the chosen nation who was blessed from the covenant between God and Abraham. Throughout the Old Testament, the revolving occurrences of events continue as follows: “God’s redeeming a people for his name; the establishment of an Abrahamic lineage through the patriarchs; enslaving of the Israelites in Egypt; delivering them from bondage; making a covenant with them at Sinai, and then followed of the conquest to the promised land of Canaan” is portrayed. However, the “Israelites’ frequent sins and increasing disloyalty” did not seized to bring any limitation to...
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...that the government of Great Britain would support and facilitate the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine(Cleveland, 243). Palestine, to justify the wholesale appropriation of Palestine for a Jewish nation, was characterized as a land without a people, which would be enriched by its new Jewish population (Sheilds, Sep. 26). This was in fact erroneous. Palestine was not an under populated waste, but a semi-urbanized country in its own right (Cleveland, 248). The ensuing struggle over Palestine, which claimed thousands of lives and spanned over half a century, is marked by two widely differing historical narratives. The Israeli historical narrative of this conflict is one of intense heroism against impossible odds, of catastrophic loss and tremendous suffering, difficult choices and terrible necessity, desperate hope and unending courage; this narrative is born not only to feed a sense nationalism and solidarity, but also as a means of promoting their cause to the global theater. Since its inception in 1896, the Zionist movement has been a strong support for the Jewish community through anti-Semitism and hate crimes (Cleveland, 240). Zionism did not espouse a doctrine which promoted the idea of societal assimilation as a means of combating anti-Semitism (Sheilds, Sep. 26). Rather, the Zionists held the view, Jews were...
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...I will be evaluating the scholarship on a core question from Neil Caplan’s book,” The Israel-Palestine Conflict, Contested Histories, What are the true intentions of the Palestinians and the PLO: To eliminate the Jewish state of Israel and replace it with an Arab state of Palestine? Or to create a Palestinian Arab state in part of historic Palestine, to coexist alongside an Israeli Jewish state? ,. (212) . Caplan’s book gives a large variety of historical context and changes to the answer of this question. The first source I will analyze is an article on Aljazeera website called, Palestinian National Council to discuss ending ties with Israel. The articles main point is that the Palestinian Liberation Organization and other Palestinian factions will vote on a new 18 member council....
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...The 1967 Arab-Israel six day war was the 3rd major struggle faced by the Israel in order to maintain its existence since it became a state in 1948[1]. The war can be considered as one of the most perfect military operations in the modern period. Surprisingly in just six days, the Israel Defence Force (IDF) managed to defeat the armed forces of the three major Arab countries and conquered Sinai, The West Bank and The Golan Height. The victories gave Israel more security from attack and secured a dominant military position in the region[2]. The combination of three major (Air, Land and Maritime) strike planned by the Israel has resulted the victory for Israeli. Even though the war involved three main elements, this paper will just focus on the air campaign which can be considered as the main factor for the victory of Israel and the failure for the Arabs’ allies. 2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general brief on the background of the war and will focus more on the air campaign as the decisive factor that lead to the Israel victory. The flow of this paper will start with the genesis of the war which will provide the background of the six days war followed by the comparison of the Order of Battle (ORBAT). The comparison of ORBAT will give the summary of the assets involved and destroyed in the war and its effects on the outcome of the war. Series of the event from the first day of war until the sixth day will be briefly written in the Battle Narrative chapter. The...
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...individual thought and understanding in Judaism. It’s relation to Judaism is through the history, civilization, ethical values and shared experiences of Jewish people. Cultural Jews connect to their heritage through the languages, literature, art, dance, music, food, and celebrations of the Jewish people. (Malino, Jerome R.: ENCYCLOPEDIA) Judaism is a religious tradition with origins dating back nearly four thousand years, rooted in the ancient near Eastern region of Canaan (which is now Israel and Palestinian territorial). History is of the utmost importance in Judaism. Whereas the sacred texts of most ancient religions focus on myths and philosophical concepts, the Jewish Bible is centered around, historical narrative; and most Jewish holidays are intended to connect modern Jews with their historical ancestors and traditions. (Gilbert, Martin: Magazines) Jewish culture is very rich and diverse, and it prospers both in the Jewish state of Israel and in the Jewish Diaspora around the world, especially in the United States. Jewish people are universally recognized for their contributions to the betterment of humankind. Kashrut is the body of Jewish law dealing with what foods we can and cannot eat...
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...Dr. Soomekh Final Paper Due: April 29, 2011 Terrorism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been an impacting factor on both sides, resulting in numerous and unnecessary casualties. Israel’s terrorism was rooted mainly from Gush Emunim, “Bloc of the Faithful” . On the other hand, Palestinian terrorism has spawned from a wide scope of different beliefs ranging from secular Palestinians through religious Jihadists. Jihad literary means struggle in Arabic . These Jihadists and secular terrorists blow themselves up with the belief that they are furthering their cause and feel as if they are warriors fighting in the battle for a homeland and freedom, one explosion at a time. Gush Emunim started as a Jewish fundamentalist movement in Israel that sought out to reclaim the lands of Abraham through a combination of propaganda, religious justification, and military force . Gush Emunim’s action “shows the growing resentment by Jewish fundamentalism of moves for peace. This, logically, was to lead to the “righteous” killing of [Yitzchak] Rabin” . Gush Emunim has used its religious power as a stepping-stone into Israeli politics in order to gain legal support for its settlement plans. The Gush Emunim movement has been made responsible for evicting Palestinian refugees from their homes in order to build their own settlements . Basing their existence off of religious platform, “Gush Emunim has used its own misuse and misinterpretation of halakha [codes of Jewish Law] to advocate its...
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...that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to finance the movie production, further, poses a greater challenge in the industry. The various Palestinian movie production sites include the Authority of Palestinian, the different Diasporas in Palestinian and also other producers in Israel. The Palestinian Cinema can, therefore, be viewed as an opposing representation because it originated from the conflict between Palestinian and Israel. The conflict between Palestinian and Israel began man years ago due to the decision of the United States to form Israel. The conflicts between the two nations involve the Arabs who are the Palestinians and Jewish who are the Israelites. The war has resulted in death of many people and has further, led to discrepancies between the Israelites and many Arab nations. The differences between the Zionists and various Arab nations that are not involved in the actual conflict are as a result of their involvement in the war to assist the Palestinians. According to Bulton (2013), most of the Palestinian films are based on the background of the colonialism of Israel. Further, if focuses on the misconception of the visual manifestation of the existence of the Palestinians movies in the media internationally. This essay evaluates and discusses the conflict between Israeli and Palestine from the standpoint of the Arabs and also Palestinian filmmakers. Besides, a comparison and a distinction of how the...
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...An Argument for Israel-Palestine Resolution: Comparing and Contrasting Factors of Religious and Non-Religious Arguments Avoiding a historical discussion of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict might be advantageous for now given this paper is meant to argue, while comparing and contrasting the two nations, that resolution to the conflict in contemporary times can not be achieved so easily, as simple as it may seem to supporters on both sides of “the cause”. The situation between these two highly conflicted states is complicated by elements that must be addressed. These warring nations have a rough history tracing back all the way to before the time of the Islamic Caliphate in the 7th century[1]. However, “putting aside their differences” is an idea that does not seem as practical as it sounds. It is my assumption that both states are threatened by and threatening to each other so long as they act out of religious intolerance. Struggling to determine which side is more or less at fault only further complicates the issue and does little to actually help resolve the conflicts. It is my argument that, instead of a resolution coming externally, the struggle must begin with issues of cultural and ethnic identity at the state level and among its constituents. This concern reinforces the necessity to understand one’s own culture before the door can be opened to allow for improvement and more favorable conditions on both sides of the conflict. It would be unreasonable to suggest...
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...Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Introduction to International Relations Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Background Since the early 20th Century, Israelis and Palestinians have been fighting over the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. With the assumption that Palestine is a state to facilitate discussion, this report sketches out the most significant elements of the conflict on the three levels defined by Kenneth Waltz, and applies the Realist theory of international relations (IR) to the “Two-State” solution. Levels of analysis 1. First Level The first level focuses on individuals involved in the international relations. On Israel’s side, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has an important role to play because he has the final word in all political decisions. On the side of Palestine, Mahmoud Abbas enjoys an even stronger position. Not only is he the chairman of Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), he is also the President of the Palestinian National Authority (PA), which is the ruling body for the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. He does not to have to face elections as he runs an authoritarian regime. On the regional level, the most influential figure is Mohamed Morsi, President of Egypt, who is vital to negotiating efforts for the conflict. Egypt is the first Arab country to accept Israel as a state...
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...States 1 Caught in a meager, anonymous space outside a drab Arab city, outside a refugee camp, outside the crushing time of one disaster after another, a wedding party stands, surprised, sad, slightly uncomfortable. Palestinians — the telltale mixture of styles and attitudes is so evidently theirs — near Tripoli in northern Lebanon. A few months after this picture was taken their camp was ravaged by intra-Palestinian fighting. Cutting across the wedding party’s path here is the ever-present Mercedes, emblazoned with its extra mark of authenticity, the proud D for Deutschland. A rare luxury in the West, the Mercedes — usually secondhand and smuggled in — is the commonest of cars in the Levant. It has become what horse, mule, and camel were, and then much more. Universal taxi, it is a symbol of modern technology domesticated, of the intrusion of the West into traditional life, of illicit trade. More important, the Mercedes is the all-purpose conveyance, something one uses for everything — funerals, weddings, births, proud display, leaving home, coming home, fixing, stealing, reselling, running away in, hiding in. But because Palestinians have no state of their own to shield them, the Mercedes, its provenance and destination obscure, seems like an intruder, a delegate of the forces that both dislocate and hem them in. “The earth is closing on us, pushing us through the last passage,” writes the poet Mahmoud Darwish. Tripoli, Badawi camp, May 1983. 2 The paradox of mobility...
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...ESSAYS & DISSERTATIONS TO ALLOW OUR READERS TO BROADEN THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT IS POSSIBLE WHEN ANSWERING SIMILAR QUESTIONS IN THEIR OWN STUDIES. The confrontation between the Jewish state and its Arab neighbours is one of the most enduring and iconic conflicts that still persist today. Many scholars have argued that ‘for the best part of a century the Arab-Israeli conflict has been a complex problem with important ramifications for the international community’[1] – and this is in many ways the truth. Created out of the ashes of the Second World War under the awful spectre of the Nazi Holocaust, Israel as a nation has survived and prospered both politically and economically, in no small part due to Western – primarily French and American – assistance. The Arab states have correspondingly been opposed to America and the West based on this implied support for Israel and has therefore turned to different stratagems in an attempt to combat this alliance – such as balancing with the USSR during the Cold War and increasingly using its market power (derived from the various oil reserves in the region) to further its political aims in the two decades since the Iron Curtain fell. Into this context there were two major (albeit rather short) wars – the Six Day War of 5-10 June 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of October 1973. Decisive, cataclysmic and dramatic, these two conflagrations have in many ways defined the conflict as it is today. But what were the main strategic and political...
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...the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO). The two parties reached a series of compromises wherein Israel promised recognition and self-government to the Palestinians in return for recognition of Israel and an end to terrorism. Oslo-I also called for an interim period, at the end of which there would be a permanent settlement based on United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs) 242 and 338. Oslo-II dealt with several issues in a more concrete manner, such as security, civil affairs, economic relations, inter-state cooperation, and the release of Palestinian political prisoners. Importantly, the Accords left contentious issues of East Jerusalem, settlements,...
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...In the U.S.-led “global war on terrorism,” al-Qa`ida and its militant affiliates have come to serve as both symbol and explanatory matrix for a range of disparate militant groups in the Middle East and beyond. Included among these are the Palestinian rejectionist factions and the Lebanese Hizballah, despite the fact that their roots, worldviews, and agendas are inimical to those of al-Qa`ida. This article argues that the scholarly and political effort to lump together diverse resistance groups into a homogenous “terrorist enemy,” ultimately symbolized by Osama Bin Laden, is part and parcel of neocolonial power politics whereby all “native” struggles against established power structures are placed beyond reason and dialogue. The authors contend that while the Palestinian rejectionist factions and the Lebanese Hizballah may be understood as local representations of the anticolonial “third worldist” movement, al-Qa`ida and its affiliates operate within a “neo–third worldist” framework, a dichotomy that entails tactical and strategic differences, both political and military. The article draws on an extensive series of author interviews with leaders and cadres from Hizballah and the Palestinian factions. In response to al-Qa`ida’s 11 September 2001 attacks, the United States declared war not merely against those who had set upon it, but against an open-ended range of “terrorist organizations and those who harbor and support them.”1 Within two weeks of the attacks, U.S. President George...
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...No Place Like Home Edward Said's States is an excerpt from his book After the Last Sky: Palestinian Lives. It's a story about Palestine, once a country, but now spread out into a million pieces of the people that once called it home. The pieces being more of memories of a time when Palestinians could be who they are, not a scattered and forgotten people. They all face a new struggle, a struggle to find their identity. "Identity- who we are, where we come from, what we are- is difficult to maintain in exile. Most other people take their identity for granted. Not the Palestinian, who is required to show proofs of identity more or less constantly." (Page 546) Said, being Palestinian himself, tells us this story in what was called a "hybrid" type of writing. He does this by letting the pictures take precedence in telling his story but then describes each picture by going back and forth from a history point of view, to his own recollections of his childhood. The way he describes each picture makes you feel as if you were at one time in that picture and can feel an emotional connection to it. Through each photo, we get a really sense of what it is like to be Palestinian, to have it all taken away and how they started new. The way Said puts the story together without any time frame, is an example of why his writing style was described as a hybrid. He will start with describing a picture by telling us facts about his country and then interrupt himself, like he's actually have...
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...An analysis into the rise of Arab Nationalism following the establishment of the State of Israel post-1948 and its impacts November, 2012 The main catalyst for the rise of Arab nationalism throughout the Arab world stemmed from the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Israel's creation as the result of Zionist Jewish nationalism led to a counter-reaction in the peoples of Arab states - including Palestine - which was focused on removing Zionism from Arab lands and uniting Arabs to defeat Israel with the Palestinian cause being the central call of Arab nationalist intellectuals. By 1919 the Palestinian people had already established their identity as Arab, Palestinian, Syrians during the Paris Peace Conference as part of their process in developing their own nationalism. This longing for a more defined identity had increasingly become a matter of concern for Arab intellectuals especially after a growing Jewish community in Palestine and an absence of one formal representative of the people. Such occurrences led to a reaction and a will to reunite and regain the people’s dignity through the idea of Arab Nationalism. Examples of notable early nationalist thinkers include Sate’ al Husari, Michel Aflaq who were greatly influenced by prominent 19th century European thinkers. One of the earliest forms of Arab Nationalism was embodied in the Syrian Socialist National Party that was founded in 1932 by Antoun Saadeh, which started off by fighting French colonialism from...
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