...Q: What do you understand about the Amazon Tribes and the issues it faces? From this extract, we understand several things about the Amazon Tribes and the issues it faces. Firstly, we discover that the tribe is ‘isolated.’ The word ‘isolated’ implies that the tribe has no contact with the outside world. In the next paragraph, we learn that the tribes are also self-sufficient as they are able to grow their own crops for food such as ‘maize, sweet potato, pumpkins, bananas and peanuts.’ This implies that despite the lack of resources these people were provided in the Amazon Rainforest, they have the skills to be able to craft their own supplies such as food in order to survive. In addition, we also learn that, like any other societies in the world, the Amazon tribe has their own unique culture. We learn that the men of the tribes wear ‘cotton waistbands and some have headdresses.’ Not only does this show that these tribes have their own unique traditions as previously mentioned, but it can also indicate that there are different hierarchy levels in the tribe. We get the impression that the ones that wear ‘headdresses’ are the chief or main leader of the tribe and the others are just normal members of the tribe. Similarly in the English society, our queen wears the crown to symbolize her status. Furthermore, one of the issues faced by the Amazon tribe is the fact that there is a chance of the tribe being captured again. This is because many tribes like this have moved to the...
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...Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues” This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at some of the criticisms he had. Psychoanalysis, begun in the 1900s with Sigmund Freud being hailed the Father. Freud's theories of psychosexual stages, the unconscious, and dream symbolism remain a popular topic among both psychologists and laypersons, despite the fact that his work is viewed with skepticism by many today. 1 Many of Freud's observations and theories were based on clinical cases and case studies, making his findings difficult to generalise to a larger population. Regardless, Freud's theories changed how we think about the human mind and behavior and left a lasting mark on psychology and culture. Another theorist associated with psychoanalysis is Erik Erikson. Erikson expanded upon Freud's theories and stressed the importance of growth throughout the lifespan. Erikson's psychosocial stage theory of personality remains influential today in our understanding of human development . 2 The aims, which are similar to psychodynamics with psychodynamics commencing in the 1940’s. Psychodynamics continues as a discipline in its own right, and could be viewed as the child of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a lengthy form of therapy whereas psychodynamics is often...
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...“Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue?” In this essay I am asked to evaluate one aspect of Freudian theory. I will begin by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory and demonstrate an understanding of its relationship to adult neurotic behaviour. Having done this I will examine some of the criticisms that have been levelled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. In 1905 Freud published ‘Three Essays on the theory of Sexuality and other Works’, one of those essays was titled ‘Infantile Sexuality’. In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive or instinct for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages of life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire). He asserted that sexuality is more than just genital copulation between adults and this work is the background to his theory on infantile sexuality....
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...words:- 2636 “Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a clients presenting issue?” I will begin this essay by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory of the five stages of psychosexual development. I will then look at some of the main criticisms of this controversial theory and how this theory and his ideas have resulted in a serious interest and progression in psychology and the psychological treatment of mental disorders that has stretched through even to the present day. I will follow this by looking at how I believe these theories have helped and effected how we understand a clients presenting issues. The five stages of psychosexual development as Freud describes them are as follows:- The oral stage (0-1 year old), the anal stage (1-3 years old), the phallic stage (3-5 or 6 years old), the latency stage (5 or 6 - puberty) and the genital stage (puberty- adult). Before explaining the five stages in detail, I feel it is important to refer to Freud’s theory of personality development and how these five stages effect that progress. It is also worth mentioning that having read many articles on the subject, there is a common belief that people may misinterpret Freud’s use of the word “sexual” and that he was actually using the term in a more general way to relate to all pleasurable actions and thoughts. In relation to Freud’s theory on personality development, he believed the personality consisted of three interworking...
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...“Evaluate the extent to which Freud's theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client's presenting issue.” The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I shall also define and consider the relationship between the Id, Ego and Superego and the way in which these constructs of our psyche are in many ways representative of earlier experiences and of those early situations and conflicts we had faced. Lastly, I will examine some of the criticisms that have been leveled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory; that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy), that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital – is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced sexual frustration in relation to any psychosexual developmental stage, s/he would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder Freud (1905) stressed that the first five years of life are...
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...Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue? (Word count 2,749 excluding bibliography, references) Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is based on the idea that parents play a pivotal role in the sexual and aggressive drives that form in the early years of their child’s development. Freud (Freud & Philips 2006) proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of fixed stages - psychosexual stages. Each stage represents the fixation on a different area of the body and as a person grows physically, certain areas of their body become important as sources of potential frustration, pleasure or both. Freud referred to the instinct or drive which resulted in these fixations as the ‘libido’ and the areas of the body as the ‘erogenous zones’. Freud believed that life was built around a series of tensions and pleasures; believing also that all tension was due to the build-up of this libido, or sexual energy and that all pleasure came from its release (McLeod 2008). In describing human personality development as psychosexual Freud meant to convey that what develops is the way in which sexual energy accumulates and is released as we mature biologically. McLeod further explains that Freud used the term 'sexual' in a very general way to mean “all pleasurable actions and thoughts”. I believe this is a crucial point in helping understand what Freud was saying; certainly I have misunderstood...
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...This essay requires a basic fundamental understanding of Freudian theories and their contributions to psychological therapies. The theory of psychosexual development is contentious and the aims of this essay is explore what legacy Freud has given to modern therapy and whether it is at all helpful in the understanding of client presenting issues. Sigmund (Sigismund) Freud was born to a large Jewish Family on May 6th1856 in Pribor in The Czech Republic – formally Freiberg, Moravia, the family settled in Vienna where he studied medicine and practised as a neurologist. During work with Josef Breuer in 1892 and later with Jean Charcot in Paris he was taken by the ability to recall painful experiences under hypnosis. He founded that the mind was a complex energy system and that there is more to psychology than what is immediately available to the conscious mind, surmising that by gaining insight into unconscious thoughts and motivations, a client could be cured of his neurosis; at the time his ideas were seen as shocking, - and albeit controversial, are now accepted as commonplace, with modifications and variants, in therapy today. Freud was certainly not the originator of the concept of the unconscious; this was largely developed by the man Freud regarded as “the Great Fechner”, Gustav Fechner (1801-1887)- bestowing his work with prodigious enthusiasm, Freud declared that he had “followed that thinker on many important points” (Freud, 1925) Link S. (unknown). The Freud Encyclopaedia...
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...Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than any other who became before him. Words he introduced through his theories are now used by everyday people, such as anal (personality), libido, denial, repression, cathartic, Freudian slip, and neurotic. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Psychoanalysis is often known as the talking cure. Freud would encourage his patients to talk freely regarding their symptoms and to describe exactly what was on their mind. The case of Anna O marked a turning point in the career of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. Anna suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without an apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. Breuer discussed the case with his friend Freud. Out of these discussions came the germ of an idea that Freud was to pursue for the rest of his life. In Studies in Hysteria (1895) Freud proposed that physical symptoms are often the surface manifestations of deeply repressed conflicts. However Freud was not just advancing an explanation of a particular illness. He was proposing a revolutionary new theory of the human psyche itself. This theory emerged slowly as...
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...MGMT1001 s2 2013 – ‘Spot Collection’ Bring to tutorials week beginning 5 August Topic 1: What is Management? 1. Textbook question: answer Question 2 in the ‘Discussion Questions’ for the Case study Managing McDonald’s Australia on page 36. a. As the CEO of McDonald’s Australia, what is Catriona Noble’s role? According to this case study, Catriona Noble’s role could be responsible for marketing, public affairs, operations, supply chain, the Pacific Islands and business planning, taking on a leadership role for the ongoing development and integration of McDonald’s business plan in Australia. b. Using the four functions as a guide, what activities does she need to undertake in managing the Australia operations of McDonald’s? MS Noble needs to undertake all of the managing functions described by her job. The first function is planning, this case study reports that she need to plan in managing. For example, she planned new items on the McDonald’s menu, including healthy options. She also planned to extend the trading hours. The second function is organizing, she also need to organize in managing the Australia operations of McDonald’s. For instance, she built strong relationships with customers, team members and suppliers. She also created a culture with her staffs. The third function is leading, she also need to lead team in managing the Australia operations of McDonald’s. For instance, she built strong leading skills with more than 85 000 employees. She is the ongoing development...
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...One of the most divisive social issues that still continues to divide the modern Arab world is over the wearing of the veil and whether it should be a requirement or should be able to worn freely . Liberal Islamic believers see the veil as … “is the uniform of oppression”(Islam Unveiled) and used for political purposes. While more conservative Islamic believers see the veil as “a new form of political liberation”(Islam Unveiled) from Western influences. The traditional Islamic head veil is a religious visual representation of the individualistic identity battle that the Arab people still struggle with. Not only does the veil controversy complicate individual identity, but it also complicates the definition of Arab identity. Through these particular women wearing the veil, we are not just able to...
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...Citibank Case Analysis Citibank: Launching the credit card in Asia Pacific Country entry strategy Objectives of this case ... q To understand market evaluation, target market selection, and product positioning issues in services operations. q To appreciate globalization/country entry issues in financial products. q To understand the underlying economics of customer acquisition and retention. Key Strategic Issues qShould Citibank launch the card product ? Why ? Why not ? qGiven the upscale customer base , how should Citibank position its card, if it decides to launch it ? qWhich countries should Citibank enter first? Which countries should it avoid? Few More Operational Issues qHow should Rana Talwar convince his country managers and H.Q to accept the card product? What Organizational mechanisms does he have under his control? qIf you choose not to introduce the card, what do you do to achieve the $100 mio. earnings target by 1990? What kind of Branch banking products should the bank offer? Economic Analysis q How many card customers does Citibank need to break even on its investment ? Economic Analysis q First step is to ascertain the credit card revenue per customer of $163 (table B page 6) qOptions available: - assume Hong Kong experience as “typical” of the region. - If we have to target affluent with premium positioning you may use $250/ customer - for mass market strategy take $140/ customer Cost component of analysis qThree parts...
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...untreated which is worsened if culturally you do not believe in it. The following case study is of a 21 year old male Abdul of Arab descent who is reportedly exhibiting erratic violent behavior towards his family. While working with Abdul and his family the social worker must always be ready to educate the clients on possible issues, which will not be an easy task when working with people from different cultures, whom will have different costumes. It is vital to understand that...
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...thought they may be, I would probably say Buddhism. I have always believed in many of Buddha’s quotes, and admire the respect, meditation, and peacefulness of the culture. I never assume what country or area of Asia they are from, because I am unaware of the differences. 2) When you think about working professionally with members of this group, are there traits, characteristics, or other issues about the group that you would be curious about, concerned about, or intimidated by? Why would understanding diversity issues be important to you as a human services worker? Their own therapeutic beliefs can affect the agencies therapeutic response. The differences in beliefs can challenge the organization to find the proper resources and assistance for the clients. However, just because their race is Asian American, does not mean they would not have customs of an American citizen. It is important not to assume or create stereotypes when dealing with our diverse society. It is important not to “overrate” or “underrate” any individual, and their beliefs and values. Being able to understand a client that is of Asian descent...
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...Workplace The aim of this paper is to review literature on the issues of diversity in the workplace. We can ask ourselves why is diversity in the workplace so important? Some arguments suggest that it may benefit to an organization and company success. This topic has been researched and discussed for many years before us and is still current in health care and in general. As I was preparing for this week learning adventure, I can say that, besides our chapters in textbooks, I read so many different articles, but for this paper I have chosen the article written by Maier- Lorentz Transcultural nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. I found this article easy to understand and fallow through and I agree with many things listed and discussed by the author. We can define diversity in many different ways many years ago diversity was defined mainly by gender, race, or color. In today’s world, we can also add on sexual orientation, military experience, education, work experience, marital status and many more. With a diverse workforce health care can compete with the higher achieving global organization. This article is discussing important of diversity in the nursing profession. As we can see from the article increasing culturally diverse workforce creates positive outcome for the hospital or organization, and also helps in delivering better care for patients and families (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). That is why this issue has been incorporated through nursing schools in their curriculums...
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...assignmenthelpuk@yahoo.com LO1 Understand external factors that affect planning and management in the event and contract sectors Diversity of sector: employee catering; hospital catering; school meals; conference centres; location and outdoor events; banqueting; private functions Types of service provision: food and beverage services; accommodation services; reception; facilities management; linen and laundry; cleaning; administration; hotel services; maintenance; security; purchasing; human resource services Component elements of the contract/event: menu design; food and beverage service style; staffing; timing; space layout; decoration; entertainment; lighting and sound External factors: socio-cultural; economic; political; technological; environmental; legal LO2 Understand the operational issues which affect the success of event management Elements of project management: action planning; product knowledge; decision-making; scheduling; administration; client liaison; component elements of the event; liaison with internal/external providers (executive chef, restaurant/bar manager, HR manager, front office, AV technician, florist, artiste/agent) Food and beverage systems: suitability of menu design; type of food service system for a particular contract and event catering situation; suitability of purchasing; delivering and storage systems Marketing and sales issues: product placement; merchandising; market share; targeting Human resource issues: workforce; worker to management...
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