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At a time when lide has rerely benn tougher for manufacturers in the developed world, miele’s strategy for survival is to break almost all the rules. The german company, a global leader in high-quality domestic appliances such as washing machines and vacum cleaners, is renowned for its exavting manufacturing standards and its refusal to move down-market and compete on price.
Miele bases nearly all its manufacturing in high-cost Germany and is self-sufficient to a high degree. Rather than outsource to low-cost supliers, it makes 4m electric motors ayear (enough for all its products) in its own plant near cologne. Which it says is essential to maintain its quality standards. Sales last year werw E2.2bn (L1.5bn)
The approach commands respect among miele,s industry peers. ‘it is the Rolls-Royece of the industry, with a fantastic position at the top end,’ says Andrea Guerra, chief executive of Merloni, the italian white goods maker.
But the domestiic appliance sector is one of europe’s most competitive and inevitably questions are being asked about how long miele can stick to what many see as its old-dashioned ways, before succumbing to lower-costt rivals. In fact, whether miele survives in its current form over the next decade will be an important test case for the whole of european manufacturing.
The company sells appliances ranging from dishwashers to coffee machines, most commanding a price premium of up to 70 per cent over the competitors’ wares. It spends 12 per cent of its revenue on product development – far more than the industry norm. Miele’s attention to detail is legendary. Ovens are tested using machines that open and shut their doors 60,000 times to simulate the rigours they will withstand in their owners’ kitchens.
In truth, most things about mile seem unusual, even quaint, when compared with the cut-and-thrust style of most big companies today. It is run jointly by the two great – grandsons of the men who set up the company 104 years ago.
Markus miele and Reinhard Zinkann – whose families still own the business - share adjoining offices in its unfussy headquarters in Gutersloh, a quiet town in northern germany. Just along the corridor are their two fathers, who still have a say in running the business. Emphasising the sense of togetherness, the side walls to all the offices contain enormous glass windows that make the office suite resemble a greenhouse.
‘it means all the family members can see what each other is doing,’ says markus miele.’it saves a lot of time when we want to have a discussion.’
The Miele/Zinkann clan has been spending a lot of time recently debating the tough times facing the industry. Total annual domestic appliace sales in Europe – worth some E20bn at manufacturers’ prices – are barely froced down by cost pressures while volumes expand at no more than 1 to 2 per cent a year. Some 90 per cent of miele’s sales are in Europe, where it has a 6 per cent market share, with the rest mainly in the US.
Its main competitors include BSH (a joint venture between Bosch and Siemens of Germany), Sweden’s Electrolux and Whirlpool of the US, as well as low-cost producers from eastern Wurope, China and Turkey.
Apart from domestic appliances, Miele has a professional division supplying commercial caterering equipment and also sells high-quality kitchen fittings for the domestic market.
With Germany accounting for 30 per cent of its sales, the company has been hit by the country’s economic slowdown, which has dramatically shaved demand. While Miele does not divulge its profit margins, arivals suspect these have shrunk significantly since the mid – 1990s. Miele has recently put 1,900 emloyees in Germany, or 13 per cent of its global workforce, on short – time working until next spring.
More ominously for those who would like to see miele maintain its manufacturing strategies, the company has announced plans to set up a small washing machine plant in the Czech Republic next year. This will employ only 100 people but could easily be expanded, although the company has given no hint about this. ‘i don’t see how they can stick with their current way of doing things,’ says a senior executive at one of miele’s European competitors. ‘In my view, to survive they will have to face the music and move more of their production out of Germany, while making parts such as motors in their own factories is just not viable.’
The mood at miele’s headquarters, however, is serene. Markus Miele says the fall in demand in Germany has been partly compensated for by better sales in other European countries, including the UK, [plus] Australia and the US.
‘A few years ago we made our products mainly for the German market and then adapted them to orher countries and hoped they would sell,’ syas Mr Miele. ‘now we are more international: for instance, because we know people in Greece use a lot of oil, the ovens we make for this country contain special coatings that make it easier to remove oil splashes.’
A crucial question concerns the company’s high production cost – linked to the concentration of its manufacturing operations in plants in Germany, mainly around Gutersloh. Apart from Germany, miele also has a factory in Austria and a small joint venture in China for making vacuum cleaners. More than tow – thrids of the company’s total worldwide staff are in its home country, where wages are frequently four or five times higher than in, for instance, the Czech Republic.
But Mr Mile says wages are not the only factor governing production costs. The company does not publish the figures but almost certainly less than 20 per cent of its manufacturing costs are accounted for by factor wage bills. ‘We think we have offset these [highwages] in recent years to some degree by automation. Last year we spent E125m on capital investment, much of this on machinery.’
The company also believes it can make its German plants more competitive by changes in work practices. ‘We have aplant near Gutersloh which makes 50 per cent of all the plastic parts we need. But we make this plant compete with outside contractors to see who gets the work for specific jobs. We make sure they [the Miele plant] charge prices no greater than the other bidders. This is one way we encourage our factories to innovate [in production processes] and improve.’
Even though Miele’s manufacturing costs are higher than those of its competitors, the company says these are justified by its ability to turn out appliances that – despite their high prices – people want to buy . Roughly 50 per cent of Miele’s manufacturing costs come from components it makes its self, company says, will work for 20 years, longer than comparable products. This, it says, is linked to the high reliability of individual parts.
As well as making all its own motors, mile produces nearly all its own printed circuit boards – the building blocks of electronic control systems – in a modern plant in Gutersloh adjacent to a new E10m electornics research center.
The policy pays off, says Mr Miele. ‘My fateher[Who was in overall charge of Miele until 2002] once had a letter from an old lady in eastern Germany. She said she didn’t have much money but she was willing to pay 50 per cent more for a Miele washing machine because she knew it would last for the rest of her life.’
Nick Platt, a home appliance specialist at the GfK market research company, says such feelings are not uncommon. ‘The company has built up a tremendous loyalty among consumers who know that the brand stands for quality,‘ he says.
Irrespective of what it does internally , miele faces a tough few years as it strives not just to fend off competitors at the top end of the white goods market but also to interest new generations of increasingly cost – conscious consumers in buying machines that – in terms of kitchens – are the equivalent of luxury Swiss watches. Can it survive? Hermann Simon, a German management consultant who is the author of Hidden Champions, a bestselling book examining the philosophy of leading German manufacturers, is inclined to say Yes.’ They have a focus and a single – mindedness which I think will ensure they can continue to do well. Thirty years ago people were asking the same questions [about Miele’s staying power] and they have come through. The company has shown that making thigs in Germanny can – in the right product area – still act as an advantage.’

From milk churn to washhing machine
Innovation is a vital activity at Miele. The company puts about 12 per cent of its annual sales into research and development, a figure more reminiscent of semiconductor businesses than of companies making kitchen appliances. The accent on new ideas was central to the company – which owns 681 worldwide patents – from its inception.
The founders of the business, carl miele and reinhard Zinkann, started by making machines for separating cream from milk, which were sold to farmers in the agricultural region of northern Germany where miele has always been based. The pair branched out in 1900, a year after the company started, into butter churns – large containeers fitted with hand – propelled paddles to make the milk curdle.
Miele’s first washing machines followed in 1901. It was a simple matter for the company’s technicians to take the butter churns, fill the with soapy water tather than milk and replace the paddle with a mechanical agitator to wash clothes. Electic power was added later; the company made its first vacuum cleaner in 1927 and its first dishwasher in 1929.
Markus Miele, the company’s current joint managing director and the great – grandson of the first Mr Miele, says the company tries continually to improve its products. A few years ago, it rethought the design for the large metal drums that contain the wash load in modern frontloading washing machines. ‘ The drums had 4,000 holes [for letting water in and out] and our engineers thought for years that it was impossible to reduce them in number without interfering with the water passage. But after a lengthy series of test we showed you could reduce the figure to 700 without impeding performance. The change made the systems simpler to make and more resilent [by increasing their stiffness].’
What does Mr Miele think of James Dyson, the UK domestic appliance enterpreneur who through his company, syson has done an impressive job in marketing, which has helped us because he has helped to make the public keener on buying high – cost appliances. But it’s not correct to say he devised [bagless cleaners] before anyone else. We thought of this idea some years before but we never marketed the products because having vacuum cleaners without bags causes problems for the consumer in terms of disposing of the dirt. We think it’s better to use bags, which is why we have not gone down this route.’

1. What are the key resources that have made miele a successful company so far? Which of these are marketing assets? 2. Miele are now facing more and more competition in a changing market. Do their resources provide them with a sustainable competitive advantage? 3. What new resources might they need to develop/acquire to remain successful in the future?

Pada saat Lide telah rerely Benn sulit bagi produsen di negara maju, strategi miele untuk bertahan hidup adalah untuk memecahkan hampir semua aturan. The Jerman perusahaan, pemimpin global dalam peralatan rumah tangga berkualitas tinggi seperti mesin cuci dan pembersih vacum, terkenal karena standar manufaktur exavting dan penolakannya untuk bergerak ke bawah-pasar dan bersaing pada harga.
Miele basis hampir semua manufaktur di-biaya tinggi Jerman dan mandiri pada tingkat tinggi. Daripada outsource ke murah supliers, itu membuat 4m motor listrik ayear (cukup untuk semua produk) di pabrik sendiri di dekat cologne. Yang dikatakan adalah penting untuk mempertahankan standar kualitas. Penjualan tahun lalu werw E2.2bn (L1.5bn)
Pendekatan perintah hormat di antara miele, s rekan-rekan industri. "Itu adalah Rolls-Royece industri, dengan posisi yang fantastis di ujung atas," kata Andrea Guerra, chief executive Merloni, Italia yang pembuat barang putih.
Namun sektor alat domestiic adalah salah satu Eropa yang paling kompetitif dan pasti pertanyaan yang sedang ditanya tentang berapa lama miele dapat menempel dengan apa yang banyak lihat sebagai cara-cara lama-dashioned nya, sebelum menyerah pada saingan rendah costt. Bahkan, apakah miele bertahan dalam bentuk yang sekarang selama dekade berikutnya akan menjadi ujian penting untuk seluruh manufaktur Eropa.
Perusahaan menjual peralatan mulai dari mesin pencuci piring dengan mesin kopi, paling memerintah harga premium hingga 70 persen selama barang pesaing. Ini menghabiskan 12 persen dari pendapatan pada pengembangan produk - jauh lebih dari norma industri. Perhatian terhadap detail Miele legendaris. Ovens diuji dengan menggunakan mesin yang membuka dan menutup pintu mereka 60.000 kali untuk mensimulasikan kerasnya mereka akan menahan di dapur pemiliknya.
Sebenarnya, banyak hal tentang mil terlihat aneh, bahkan aneh, bila dibandingkan dengan gaya potong-dan-dorong perusahaan yang paling besar hari ini. Hal ini dijalankan bersama oleh dua besar - cucu dari orang-orang yang mendirikan perusahaan 104 tahun yang lalu.
Markus miele dan Reinhard Zinkann - yang keluarganya masih memiliki bisnis - kantor sebelah saham markas unfussy di Gutersloh, sebuah kota yang tenang di Jerman utara. Hanya sepanjang koridor dua ayah mereka, yang masih memiliki suara dalam menjalankan bisnis. Menekankan rasa kebersamaan, dinding sisi ke semua kantor berisi jendela kaca besar yang membuat office suite menyerupai rumah kaca.
"Itu berarti semua anggota keluarga dapat melihat apa yang saling lakukan," kata markus miele. 'Menghemat banyak waktu ketika kita ingin memiliki sebuah diskusi. "
The Miele / Zinkann klan telah menghabiskan banyak waktu baru-baru memperdebatkan masa sulit yang dihadapi industri. Total penjualan appliace domestik tahunan di Eropa - senilai E20bn dengan harga produsen '- hampir tidak froced turun oleh tekanan biaya sementara volume berkembang pada tidak lebih dari 1 sampai 2 persen per tahun. Sekitar 90 persen dari penjualan miele adalah di Eropa, di mana ia memiliki 6 persen pangsa pasar, dengan sisa terutama di Amerika Serikat.
Pesaing utamanya termasuk BSH (perusahaan patungan antara Bosch dan Siemens dari Jerman), Swedia Electrolux dan Whirlpool dari AS, serta murah dari produsen Wurope Timur, Cina dan Turki.
Terlepas dari peralatan rumah tangga, Miele memiliki divisi profesional yang menyediakan peralatan caterering komersial dan juga menjual peralatan dapur berkualitas tinggi untuk pasar domestik.
Dengan Jerman akuntansi untuk 30 persen dari penjualan, perusahaan telah terpukul oleh perlambatan ekonomi negara itu, yang telah secara dramatis permintaan dicukur. Sementara Miele tidak membocorkan margin keuntungan, arivals menduga ini telah menyusut secara signifikan sejak pertengahan 1990 - an. Miele baru-baru ini menempatkan 1.900 emloyees di Jerman, atau 13 persen dari angkatan kerja globalnya, di singkat - waktu kerja sampai musim semi berikutnya.
Lebih menakutkan bagi mereka yang ingin melihat miele mempertahankan strategi manufaktur, perusahaan telah mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan pabrik mesin cuci kecil di Republik Ceko tahun depan. Ini akan mempekerjakan hanya 100 orang tapi bisa dengan mudah diperluas, meskipun perusahaan telah diberi petunjuk tentang hal ini. "Saya tidak melihat bagaimana mereka bisa tetap dengan cara mereka saat melakukan sesuatu," kata seorang eksekutif senior di salah satu pesaing Eropa miele itu. "Dalam pandangan saya, untuk bertahan hidup mereka harus menghadapi musik dan bergerak lebih dari produksi mereka dari Jerman, sementara membuat bagian seperti motor di pabrik-pabrik mereka sendiri hanya tidak layak."
Suasana di markas miele, bagaimanapun, adalah tenang. Markus Miele mengatakan penurunan permintaan di Jerman telah sebagian diimbangi oleh penjualan yang lebih baik di negara-negara Eropa lainnya, termasuk Inggris, [ditambah] Australia dan Amerika Serikat.
'Beberapa tahun yang lalu kami membuat produk kami terutama untuk pasar Jerman dan kemudian diadaptasi mereka untuk orher negara dan berharap mereka akan menjual,' Mr syas Miele. 'Sekarang kita lebih internasional: misalnya, karena kita tahu orang-orang di Yunani menggunakan banyak minyak, oven kita buat untuk negara ini berisi pelapis khusus yang membuatnya lebih mudah untuk menghapus cipratan minyak. "
Sebuah pertanyaan penting menyangkut biaya tinggi produksi perusahaan - terkait dengan konsentrasi operasi manufaktur di pabrik di Jerman, terutama di sekitar Gutersloh. Terlepas dari Jerman, miele juga memiliki pabrik di Austria dan perusahaan patungan kecil di Cina untuk membuat pembersih vakum. Lebih dari belakangnya - thrids total staf perusahaan di seluruh dunia di negara asalnya, di mana upah seringkali empat atau lima kali lebih tinggi daripada di, misalnya, Republik Ceko.
Tapi Mr Mile mengatakan upah bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang menentukan biaya produksi. Perusahaan tidak mempublikasikan angka-angka, tetapi hampir pasti kurang dari 20 persen dari biaya produksi yang dicatat oleh tagihan upah faktor. "Kami pikir kami telah mengimbangi [highwages] dalam beberapa tahun terakhir untuk beberapa derajat dengan otomatisasi. Tahun lalu kami menghabiskan E125m atas investasi modal, banyak dari hal ini pada mesin. "
Perusahaan juga yakin dapat membuat tanaman Jerman lebih kompetitif oleh perubahan dalam praktek kerja. "Kami memiliki aplant dekat Gutersloh yang membuat 50 persen dari semua bagian plastik yang kita butuhkan. Tapi kami membuat tanaman ini bersaing dengan kontraktor luar untuk melihat siapa yang mendapatkan pekerjaan untuk pekerjaan tertentu. Kami pastikan mereka [tanaman Miele] harga biaya tidak lebih besar daripada penawar lainnya. Ini adalah salah satu cara kami mendorong pabrik-pabrik kami untuk berinovasi [dalam proses produksi] dan memperbaiki. "
Meskipun biaya produksi Miele adalah lebih tinggi daripada pesaingnya, perusahaan mengatakan ini dibenarkan oleh kemampuannya untuk mematikan peralatan yang - meskipun harga tinggi mereka - orang ingin membeli. Sekitar 50 persen dari biaya produksi Miele yang berasal dari komponen itu membuat diri, perusahaan mengatakan, akan bekerja selama 20 tahun, lebih lama dari produk sebanding. Ini, ia mengatakan, terkait dengan keandalan tinggi masing-masing bagian.
Seperti halnya membuat semua motor sendiri, kilometer memproduksi hampir semua papan sirkuit cetak sendiri - blok bangunan sistem kontrol elektronik - di sebuah pabrik modern di Gutersloh berdekatan dengan E10m pusat penelitian electornics baru.
Kebijakan tersebut terbayar, kata Mr Miele. 'Fateher saya [Siapa yang bertanggung jawab secara keseluruhan Miele hingga 2002] pernah memiliki surat dari seorang wanita tua di Jerman timur. Dia bilang dia tidak punya banyak uang tapi dia bersedia membayar 50 persen lebih untuk mesin cuci Miele karena dia tahu itu akan berlangsung selama sisa hidupnya. "
Nick Platt, seorang spesialis alat rumah di perusahaan riset pasar GfK, mengatakan perasaan tersebut tidak biasa. "Perusahaan telah membangun loyalitas luar biasa di kalangan konsumen yang tahu bahwa merek singkatan dari kualitas," katanya.
Terlepas dari apa yang dilakukannya internal, miele menghadapi beberapa tahun yang sulit karena berusaha bukan hanya menangkis pesaing di ujung atas pasar barang putih tetapi juga untuk menarik generasi baru semakin biaya - sadar konsumen dalam mesin yang membeli - dalam hal dapur - adalah setara mewah jam tangan Swiss. Bisakah itu bertahan? Hermann Simon, seorang konsultan manajemen Jerman yang merupakan penulis Champions tersembunyi, sebuah buku laris memeriksa filosofi produsen terkemuka Jerman, cenderung untuk mengatakan Ya 'Mereka memiliki fokus dan satu -. Pikiran yang saya pikir akan memastikan mereka dapat terus untuk melakukannya dengan baik. Tiga puluh tahun yang lalu orang-orang bertanya pertanyaan yang sama [tentang kuasa Miele yang tinggal] dan mereka telah datang melalui. Perusahaan telah menunjukkan bahwa membuat thigs di Germanny dapat - di daerah produk yang tepat - masih bertindak sebagai keuntungan '.

Dari susu churn untuk washhing mesin
Inovasi merupakan kegiatan penting pada Miele. Perusahaan menempatkan sekitar 12 persen dari penjualan tahunan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan, sosok yang lebih mengingatkan bisnis semikonduktor daripada perusahaan yang membuat peralatan dapur. Aksen pada ide-ide baru adalah pusat perusahaan - yang memiliki 681 paten di seluruh dunia - dari awal.
Para pendiri bisnis, carl miele dan reinhard Zinkann, mulai dengan membuat mesin untuk memisahkan krim dari susu, yang dijual kepada petani di wilayah pertanian di utara Jerman di mana miele selalu didasarkan. Pasangan bercabang pada tahun 1900, setahun setelah perusahaan mulai, menjadi mentega bergolak - containeers besar dilengkapi dengan tangan - dayung propelled untuk membuat susu mengental.
Mesin cuci pertama Miele menyusul pada tahun 1901. Ini adalah masalah sederhana untuk teknisi perusahaan untuk mengambil mentega bergolak, mengisi dengan Pater air sabun daripada susu dan mengganti dayung dengan agitator mekanik untuk mencuci pakaian. Listrik electic ditambahkan kemudian, perusahaan membuat perusahaan vacuum cleaner pertama tahun 1927 dan yang pencuci piring pertama tahun 1929.
Markus Miele, saat ini direktur pelaksana bersama perusahaan dan besar - cucu pertama Mr Miele, mengatakan perusahaan berusaha terus-menerus untuk memperbaiki produknya. Beberapa tahun yang lalu, itu dipikirkan kembali desain untuk drum metal besar yang berisi cucian di frontloading mesin cuci modern. 'The drum memiliki 4.000 lubang [untuk membiarkan air masuk dan keluar] dan insinyur kami berpikir tahun bahwa itu tidak mungkin untuk mengurangi jumlah mereka dalam tanpa mengganggu bagian air. Tapi setelah serangkaian panjang tes kami menunjukkan Anda bisa mengurangi angka sampai 700 tanpa menghambat kinerja. Perubahan ini membuat sistem sederhana untuk membuat dan lebih resilent [dengan meningkatkan kekakuan mereka]. "
Apa Mr Miele memikirkan James Dyson, Inggris domestik pengusaha alat yang melalui perusahaannya, syson telah melakukan pekerjaan yang mengesankan dalam pemasaran, yang telah membantu kami karena dia telah membantu untuk membuat lebih tajam publik untuk membeli tinggi - biaya peralatan. Tapi itu tidak benar untuk mengatakan dia tipu [pembersih bagless] sebelum orang lain. Kami memikirkan ide ini beberapa tahun sebelumnya tapi kami tidak pernah dipasarkan produk karena memiliki pembersih vakum tanpa tas menyebabkan masalah bagi konsumen dalam hal membuang kotoran. Kami pikir lebih baik menggunakan tas, itulah sebabnya mengapa kita tidak pergi ke rute ini. '

1. Apa sumber daya utama yang membuat Miele perusahaan yang sukses sejauh ini? Manakah dari ini adalah aset pemasaran?
2. Miele sekarang menghadapi lebih banyak persaingan dalam pasar yang berubah. Apakah sumber daya mereka memberi mereka keunggulan kompetitif yang berkelanjutan?
3. Apa sumber daya baru yang mungkin mereka butuhkan untuk mengembangkan / memperoleh untuk tetap sukses di masa depan?

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