...International Management (Fall Semester) Individual Case Write Up 1: Amazon Goes Global 1. Why did Amazon choose the United Kingdom as its first entry location? Why not other countries such as Canada and Austrlia? With the emergence of a global marketplace, Amazon has since ridden on the waves of the opportunities that comes with globalisation. After more than a decade of expansion, Amazon’s international operations accounted for about 43 per cent of its revenue, bringing in $26.28 billion in 2012. This shows the significance of targeting the international markets. However, entry into foreign market does not come without risks and costs that resulted from barriers created by distance. The CAGE Framework of distance by Ghemawat explained distance as 4 main attributes – Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, Economic.1 To address these risks and costs, it is crucial to first assess the extent and type of differences between the USA market and the United Kingdom market. Amazon’s entry into United Kingdom (UK) can be attributed to minimal distance and various similarities, which allowed Amazon to significantly reduce risks and costs. Primarily, the UK market has a lot of similarities to the US market in terms of cultural, administrative and economic distance. UK has the second most number of native English speakers (60 million), after US (231 million), and is also the place where English was first spoken. Since books were the primary products sold by Amazon, the similarity...
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...debating which elements of MKC’s culture, philosophy, product line, and marketing programs might be transferable both in general and in particular in respect the China and Japan, two major Asian markets in which MKC does not have a presence. Dandurand must decide whether to enter either or both of these markets (or neither) and, if so, what marketing entry strategy to pursue. This case gives your global marketing team the opportunity to: 1) explore why two companies (Avon and MKC) in the same business (the direct selling of cosmetics) differ so greatly in the percentages of their sales that are international 2) examine the transferability of a corporate value system developed in the United States to foreign subsidiaries 3) identify the criteria that should determine which country markets a multinational should enter and to assess two countries against these criteria 4) contrast the implications for marketing strategy and tactics of being a late entrant in a mature market versus a relatively early entrant in an emerging market The objective of the case is to focus on the following issues and dilemmas: 1. Why has MKC not been as successful as Avon in penetrating international markets? Answer in terms of the following: • Compare Avon’s international sale as a % of total revenue vs. MKC. Using the information in your case study as of 1993, make a chart (similar to a country comparison chart—complete with a third column “Implications for...
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...Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Culture He has found five dimensions of culture in his study of national work related values: • Low vs. High Power Distance - the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Low power distance (e.g. Austria, Israel, Denmark, New Zealand) expect and accept power relations that are more consultative or democratic. People relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. Subordinates are more comfortable with and demand the right to contribute to and critique the decision making of those in power. In High power distance countries (e.g. Malaysia, Slovakia) less powerful accept power relations that are more autocratic and paternalistic. Subordinates acknowledge the power of others simply based on where they are situated in certain formal, hierarchical positions. As such the Power Distance Index Hofstede defines does not reflect an objective difference in power distribution but rather the way people perceive power differences. In Europe, Power Distance tends to be lower in Northern countries and higher in Southern and Eastern parts. There seems to be an admittedly disputable correlation with predominant religions. • Individualism vs. collectivism - individualism is contrasted with collectivism, and refers to the extent to which people are expected to stand up for themselves and to choose their own affiliations, or alternatively act predominantly...
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...Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Culture He has found five dimensions of culture in his study of national work related values: • Low vs. High Power Distance - the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Low power distance (e.g. Austria, Israel, Denmark, New Zealand) expect and accept power relations that are more consultative or democratic. People relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. Subordinates are more comfortable with and demand the right to contribute to and critique the decision making of those in power. In High power distance countries (e.g. Malaysia, Slovakia) less powerful accept power relations that are more autocratic and paternalistic. Subordinates acknowledge the power of others simply based on where they are situated in certain formal, hierarchical positions. As such the Power Distance Index Hofstede defines does not reflect an objective difference in power distribution but rather the way people perceive power differences. In Europe, Power Distance tends to be lower in Northern countries and higher in Southern and Eastern parts. There seems to be an admittedly disputable correlation with predominant religions. • Individualism vs. collectivism - individualism is contrasted with collectivism, and refers to the extent to which people are expected to stand up for themselves and to choose their own affiliations, or alternatively act predominantly...
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...Thomson, M. (2013). Trade partnership competition: TPP vs RCEP. The Strategist. http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/trade-partnership-competition-tpp-vs-rcep/ Yu, W. (2013). TPP Talks Show Promise for US Asia Strategy—With or Without China. The Diplomat. http://thediplomat.com/pacific-money/2013/08/02/ tpp-talks-show-promise-for-us-asia-strategy-with-or-without-china/ ANU, S. A. (2011). China’s participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership . East Asia Forum. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/12/11/china-participation-in-the-trans- pacific-partnership/ UI, B. P. (2012). Will RCEP compete with the TPP?. East Asia Forum. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/11/28/will-rcep-compete-with-the-tpp/ Ponnudurai, P. (2013). China vs. US in Proxy Trade Battle. Radio Free Asia. http://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/east-asia-beat/tpp-02052013221256.html U.S. is becoming the global leader and is now dominating TPP. Nowadays, U.S. wants to combine with countries that involved TPP to put pressure on other agreements or on the other countries that are not involved, both strategic dimension and economic dimension. In this paper, I will briefly discuss with TPP versus RCEP and TPP versus China. the tpp is foucs on the preferential trade agreement with few exemptions and extensive regulatory alignment, in the area such as labor law, environmental protection and intellectual property rights. RCEP stands for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. This is a newly proposed...
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...expand in Asian marketing. When E-bay decided to expand in the Asian market, they did not take everything into consideration. More research should have been done in order for E-bay to know how to gain the attention of the Asian marketers. An example of that would be the fact that even though E-bay’s CEO Meg Whitman had spent time in China, she was not prepared to cater to their needs. The Chinese executives had more experience in dealing with the specific needs of Chinese consumers shopping online. Another problem that E-bay didn’t expect was Internet accessibility and the inability of local networks to connect to their site outside of Asian countries. E-bay may have been alright had they just did more research prior to jumping into the market. Because E-bay was having problems with the Internet accessibilities, Chinese students opted to use local companies instead. E-bay is not the only brand image. There are more brands out there, such as Google. When you are competing with others, you want to try and beat their price just enough that you won’t shoot yourself in the foot. E-bay did not have the better deal. Because China is said to be a fast growing and frustratingly tough to crack market, E-bay chose to enter into a joint venture with them. Even though E-bay is a billion dollar global powerhouse in Internet commerce, they have continued to struggle in Asia. South Korea is considered the strongest Asian market. It was stated by Lee Hyun Chang, director...
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...Data 02/16/2014 The mechanism behind Japanese foreign trade VS China & South Korea. Background information: After World War 2 japan recovered very rapidly and had economic boom. Japans economic growth was very high. Here is a table showing Japan’s economic growth. Behind this scenario were couple essential factors: JETRO- japans external trade organization, MITI- ministry of international trade and Industry, after renamed to METI- Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry, Sogo-Shosho independent trading houses, Japan bank for international corporation, Institute of developing economies under METI and Ministry of Finance. MITI: Combining to two different sectors under single ministry already emphasizes how long oriented and strategic meaning it carries. The main engine of Japanese economy was industry that includes- machinery, high-tech, etc… And coming to trade it is also main accumulator of Japans GPD. Japans economy relies on export mostly. Japan in early 80-90 had huge gap of budget surplus. It exported much more than it imported and that imbalance between export and imports directly influenced US economy. Japan had and still has very exclusive channel distribution. Foreign companies cannot directly sell to japan. There are many informal barriers for foreign companies. More than that Japanese companies used predatory pricing strategy wherever they go. They set aggressive pricing strategy against competitors that couldn’t survive in market. In addition to these...
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...home country - the Prof. Geert Hofstede, Emeritus Professor, Maastricht University. Hofstede’s studies include the identification and definition of groups, tribes, territories, national minorities or nations and he argues that they all possess specific features and behavior which can be opposed to other similar groups. Hofstede's IBM study in the 70s of the position of management, collaboration, organization, individualism, etc. have been widely used by companies when different cultures meet. Hofstede's framework for assessing culture includes the following five dimensions: 1. Power Distance 2. Individualism vs. collectivism 3. Masculinity vs. femininity 4. Uncertainty avoidance 5. Long vs. short term orientation The five dimensions of culture in his study of national work related values can be defined as follows: 1. Low vs. High Power Distance - the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Low power distance (e.g. Austria, Australia, Denmark, New Zealand) expect and accept power relations that are more...
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...Environmental Analysis Hofstede’s Dimensions of cultural values | | Japan | USA | Individualism Vs. Collectivism | Collectivism | Individualism | Power Distances | Large power distance | Small power distance | Uncertainty avoidance | Strong uncertainty avoidance | Weak uncertainty avoidance | Masculinity Vs. Femininity | Masculinity | Masculinity | Confucian work dynamism | Long-term oriented | Short-term oriented | *Retrieved from: http://www.geert-hofstede.com Individualism Vs Collectivism: * Japan: it is really important for people in Japan to be a part of a group and to behave as a part of a group. * USA: people in the USA are more concerned about themselves and not that group oriented. They honor more the individual achievement also when they work within a group. Power Distance: * Japan: people in Japan are treated differently because of their different positions in an organization, but anyhow with dignity. Managers for example have to make decisions on their own. * USA: it is usual to treat people in a lower-level as equals. Decision making for example is not only a manager’s exercise. Uncertainty avoidance: * Japan: Japan has more explicit rules and strict laws. People are working more correct and stay in the same company for a long time. * USA: people in the USA are more easy going and flexible, but anyhow competent. Masculinity Vs Femininity: * Japan: is to be said the most masculine country in the world; men have more...
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...HONG KONG/CHINA Bosideng International A warm and cosy stock A dominant brand with household recognition We initiate coverage on Bosideng with an Outperform, with 35% upside to our target price. Bosideng dominates China’s down jacket market with an estimated 37% market share in CY10. Its top brand is ranked the 13th most valuable consumer brand in China. We expect core revenue CAGR of 13% in FY12-14 on the back of continued penetration of down jackets in China. Additionally, Bosideng is building out a menswear business. While this makes up only 10% of revenues in FY12E, we expect it to generate organic revenue CAGR of 33% with the potential for further upside from acquisitions. High free cash flow and dividend yield Photo taken by the report’s lead analyst in rural China. “A Christmas to remember” – December 2010 3998 HK Price 27 Oct 11 12-month target Upside/Downside Valuation - PER Outperform HK$2.07 HK$ % HK$ 2.80 35.3 2.80 Bosideng is currently sitting on HK$2.8bn net cash and we forecast a free cash flow yield of 6% in FY12, rising to 10% in FY14. With a 75% payout ratio, Bosideng should generate a dividend yield of 8% in FY12. Bosideng is looking to make acquisitions in the highly fragmented menswear market. Past acquisitions have been successful and we don’t think it is likely the company will make any acquisition that depletes more than half of the cash pile at most; thus we think the dividend is secure. Market concerns are overdone Six out of...
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... The Rise of China (Geopolitical) · Economic growth enabled assertive, belligerent stance in APAC region · Impact on supranational organization – eg, UN security council, Diaoyu, East China Sea, Chinese presence in Africa, Caribbean islands · Chequebook diplomacy (http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7f7b0d8e-5ea8-11e3-8621-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2sVcKseFs) · TPP vs. RCEP The Rise of China vs US http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/11/28/will-rcep-compete-with-the-tpp/ http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/01/19/averting-economic-cold-war/ http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67479/charles-glaser/will-chinas-rise-lead-to-war http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63042/g-john-ikenberry/the-rise-of-china-and-the-future-of-the-west http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7f7b0d8e-5ea8-11e3-8621-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2sVbrGylD The U.S. wields a power of influence, persuasion, and leadership on the international stage that no other state comes close to. She sets international law, ignores international law, and is accountable to no one. China, while clearly jockeying for authority and power, does not yet have legitimacy. If China continues on this path of questionable governance and cavorting with questionable allies, no serious block of internationally influential states will support a Chinese hegemony over the current U.S. one. And so, China will remain a strong regional and international player, but one that plays second fiddle to the U.S. China has recently claimed...
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...Google, the world biggest profitable company, has its revolutionary business strategies. These business models help Google to achieve success all over the world in past decades. However, recently Google also faces the dilemma that some countries are not welcome them on the pretext of national security. This essay will first introduce the business strategies of Google, and then examine the threats that Google faces from some countries and local competitors such as Baidu in China. After analyzing, it will finally provide some suggestions for Google to secure the dominance in these countries and gives a conclusion. To some extent, the minority is concerned about how a search engine works and makes money, which actually plays an important role in the process of operating a search engine corporation like Google. It is obviously that a search engine depends on “search”. Google used Pagerank technology to reveal results by not only looking for keywords inside webpages, but also estimating the value of a search result based on the number and popularity of other sites that linked to the page. There are no hand-editing of the outcomes for the reason that the search results. In addition, Google is dissatisfied with the status quo. It keeps perfecting its technique to make the search result more accurate and relevant. It is a prevailing phenomenon that most search engine is running the paid inclusion pattern, but Google is an exception. But then again, Google is not a charity organization...
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...cosmetics industry in China, we should first review macroeconomical factors influensing Chinese economy most. Chinese economy quite so associated with some “sweeping statements” like “China will be next economic superpower; its economy is still government run; foreigners don’t make money there; relationships count, so a partner is needed. But they are hyperbolic, misleading, out-of-date, or just not true”(Woetzel J.R. (July 2004) A guide to doing business in China. P.) So, what the situation is really about in China and what cultural and economical differences has Chinese business environment in comparison with French? At first, I French and Chinese societies have totally different basis. If we look back to sociology, we remember, that all societies can be divided on two main categories: High-context(China) and Low-context(France). In high-context society words may not mean what they really mean. For example “yes” may not be “yes” at all, opposite to low-context society where “yes” always means “yes” and “no” always means “no”. It results in a need for deeper understanding the position of the people you’ll have to work with and sphere you’ll have to work in, because in high-context society it is easy to miss the cue, if you haven’t obtained enough information about the problem. Secondly, one of key chinese cultural concepts is “Guanxi”, which literally translates to relationship. It may draw us to an assumption that having partner may be really important in China, but McKinsey consultants...
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...Group Assignment Cover Sheet UNIQLO, one of the oldest clothing brands in Japan, is a Japanese causal wear designer, manufacturer and retailer. It was founded in 1984 and has over 100 stores operating throughout Japan by April 1994. Moreover, there are 750 stores in Japan and other place in the world currently, such as Australia, China and the United States etc (Uniqlo: Our Story http://www.uniqlo.com/au/corp/ourstory.html). This easy will focus on how UNIQLO create value for consumers in terms of its core competences and value chain. The value propositions that , aligned to its value delivery system, are the sources of values are delivered to customer. The company creates brand value for consumers in the organization by both products and markets diversifications. The core competences of UNIQLO are low-cost and high quality, which secures a competitive advantage in global market. The benefit resulted from low-cost is generating reasonable prices of casual clothes for customers and the high quality transferred high customer utility immediately. ‘UNIQLO is aiming to added new value in clothes design and function, therefore, customers will purchase new clothes’, according to Naoki Otoma, senior Vice President and COO of UNIQLO (Petro, ‘The Future of Fashion Retailing: Part 1 – Uniqlo’, 2013). The Porter’s Value Chain assists the value creation in the organization through cost reduction or differentiation. UNIQLO’s large –format store strategy is adopted by changing shopping...
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...KODAK VS. FUJI: THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL MARKET SHARE by Thomas C. Finnerty Thomas C. Finnerty is a doctoral candidate in the Doctoral of Professional Studies Program, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York. This case was written under the supervision of Warren J. Keegan, Professor of International Business and Marketing and Director of the Institute for Global Business Strategy, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York, as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. ©2000 Dr. Warren J. Keegan. *The following case solely represents the opinion of the author and does not express the opinions of the Eastman Kodak Company of Fuji Photo Film U.S.A., Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This case study reexamines the competitive relationship of the two giants of the photographic and imaging industry: Eastman Kodak Company and the Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. It uses the 1990 case study of Dr. H. Donald Hopkins of Temple University, “Kodak vs. Fuji: A Case of Japanese-American Strategic Intervention” as a reference point and attempts to update and clarify this relationship at the beginning of the 21st century. In the nine years since the Hopkins’ case study was published, Kodak has seen some troubled times, yet recently seems to have stabilized. Simultaneously, Fuji continues to slowly gain more of Kodak’s still-dominant market share. The evolution of the industry has been exciting and dynamic...
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