...the day-to-day operations of the economy, and so give the government a certain purchase over citizen's private lives. The two contrasting visions of government of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton betrayed two different understandings of American power and the American people. For Hamilton, America's strength lay in its commerce. Hamilton's America was an America of businessmen, entrepreneurs, bankers and financiers. The government needed to help these people compete in a global marketplace. And only the national government could do that. Hamilton was suspicious of state governments, beholden as they were to narrow local interests. While Jefferson shared Hamilton's admiration for America's commercial might—he had just come back from a stint in Europe negotiating free-trade treaties—he profoundly disagreed with Hamilton about the basic make-up of the American people. Hamilton's financiers,...
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...Although Clay cites support from Jefferson and Hamilton in his appeal on behalf of protectionist policies, the American System envisions a world more Hamiltonian in nature than Jeffersonian (Clay 86). Jefferson’s vision of yeoman’s republic excludes manufacturing and industry, while Clay celebrates what he sees as the expansion of industry and agriculture due to the American System. His rhetorical strategy relies heavily upon appeals to patriotism, stating that it is “American legislation, fostering American industry” that has been so beneficial (Clay 84). His call for unity around the concept of “America” is matched by his aggressive attacks on those opposed to the tariff. He accuses opponents of treasonous intentions, of not assimilating...
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...Federalist ideals. By dividing the once united Federalist party into two separate groups, he was able to gain the support needed to take the office of the President away from the Federalist party. This feat was more than a challenge for Jefferson and would shape the structure of American political parties forever. (1) In 1788, George Washington was the first President of the United States and he chose two men with contrasting views on what the fate of the United States should be as part of his advisory board. Thomas Jefferson was chosen by Washington as the head of Department of State. Jefferson was a Virginian and diplomat, known for his views on small national government and representing the small planters and western farmers of America. George Washington then chose Alexander Hamilton as his secretary of the Treasury. Born and raised in the Caribbean, he worked for Washington as his aid during the revolutionary war and was a lawyer. Hamilton was known for his views on a strong national government. He favored merchants and financiers by implementing bold financial policies which gave the national government more authority. (1) As secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton submitted to Washington and Congress three major proposals which shaped American Treasury forever. The first was for a national public credit which helped fund the United States debt both nationally and internationally. The second was for the creation...
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...From the beginning of time, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton envisioned this nation differently and were determined to enhance America by taking action and finding innovative ways to construct the U.S. Alexander Hamilton was the founding father of the U.S and chief staff aide of George Washington. Thomas Jefferson on the other hand, was one of the American founding fathers primarily because of the Declaration of Independence, he was elected as the second vice president, and was also the third president of the U.S.A. Both men had a definite idea of what they wished to see and knew it was the time to take charge. During this time period Jefferson and Hamilton impacted America and due to their differences they were able to conduct themselves to the path of succession. Therefore, Alexander Hamilton envisioned the U.S to be mercantile. Hamilton wanted a strong nation because he believed world trade will cause his era to become prosperous and guide them on the right path to evolution. Hamilton had a financial plan which was...
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...The United States of America was founded on a Constitution that was supposed to preserve our freedoms and certain liberties. All Americans at that time wanted to keep America a free an independent nation with rights for its people. However there was two different groups, the Federalists lead by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, which thought this could be achieved in very different ways. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were very different in their methods to try and develop America as a nation. The two were very much alike because they both were avid Americans, and wanted to see the nation succeed. Both men were very involved in the U.S. Government and tried to voice their opinions on the best method for success. Neither of them would give any ground on their ideas, which created great conflict in the first years of the U.S. Government. Alexander Hamilton was a member of the Federalist Party. He supported a larger central government where the states had less power than the Federal government. Hamilton believed that bigger central government would provide assistance to programs and business to help them succeed. “Not only the wealth but the independence and security of a country appear to be materially connected with the prosperity of manufacturers” (Document C).Hamilton thought that the U.S. should lean more towards a manufacturing economy opposed to an agricultural one. Along with that idea Hamilton thought that...
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...1) Discuss how the Mont Pèlerin Conference changed America view of manufacturing and trade. First I will explain what in general the Mont Pèlerin Conference is, which economic view they represented. Moreover I want to deal with people who are allowed and why they are allowed to join this Conference and which goals they pursue. In general the Mont Pèlerin Conference depended on a meeting which was formed by Friedrich von Hayek in 1947 at Mont Pèlerin in Switzerland. He invited 36 people who followed in a strict sense of liberalism, particularly the economic liberalism. Under these people were above all, economist, but, e.g., also philosophers, historians and politicians. Under it were also some Nobel Prize Laureates in economics and peace. Most of the people were Europeans, only two reluctant Americans took part on this meeting. Surprisingly this meeting was most supported from the american free market and libertarian groups. The goal of this conference was to discuss the view and the roll of the liberalism after the Second World War. The scholars gave on the meeting to level-economic and state interventionist's broads attempts a refusal and looked at a restoration of political freedom and free market economy as an inalienable condition of a lasting future protection after the Second World War. Thus the uppermost aim of the Mont Pèlerin Conference was the creation of a free market economy, above all to free trade and and the world peace originating from it. They thought that...
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...13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown, by Simon Johnson and James Kwak, is an analysis of the banking system in America and how they contributed to the financial crisis of 2008. These banks were facing the possibility of bankruptcy, and in turn the American government had an increasing need for these banks as the means to fund the necessary investments in the economy. 13 bankers, breaks down the American banking industry in how they have grown so big, so profitable, that they have become resistant to regulations. The banks grown to the enormous that the stability of the economy was dependent, giving they a political influence by pouring money into campaigns of congressional candidates and congressmen, assuring investment banks to maintain influence and position in the White House and the Treasury department. Theses “megabanks” had balance sheet assets that accounted for more than 60 percent of the country’s gross domestic product. In March of 2009, the presidents of thirteen of these “Megabanks” met at the White House with the President, Obama that gave a message, “everybody has to pitch in. We’re all in this together” –President Obama (13 Bankers, page 4) this message giving a clear indicator the thirteen bankers needed the government and in turn, the government needed these 13 bankers to maintain stability of the economy. Thomas Jefferson was strongly suspicious of the...
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...CHAPTER 5 The American Revolution, 1763-1783 Chapter Study Outline I. The crisis begins A. Pre-1763 consolidation of imperial authority B. Emerging split over British-colonial relations 1. British perspective a. Subordinate position of colonies b. Obligation of colonies to share in cost of empire c. "Virtual representation" 2. American perspective a. Equality of colonies and mother country b. No taxation without representation C. Initial skirmishes 1. Writs of assistance against smuggling 2. Proclamation of 1763 3. Sugar Act 4. Revenue Act 5. Currency Act D. Stamp Act crisis 1. Provisions of Stamp Act 2. Indignation in colonies 3. Taxation and representation; increasing opposition a. Virginia resolutions b. Stamp Act Congress c. Boycott of British goods d. Public demonstrations e. Committees of Correspondence f. Sons of Liberty g. Crowd actions 4. Breadth of opposition a. Colonial elites b. Middling ranks c. Laboring classes 5. Repeal of Stamp Act; passage of Declaratory Act E. Internal colonial disputes 1. Tenant uprising in Hudson Valley 2. Tenant uprising in Green Mountains 3. Regulators in South Carolina 4. Regulators in North Carolina II. The road to revolution A. Townshend crisis 1. Provisions of Townshend duties 2. Colonial response, home-spun virtue a. Revival of boycott on British goods b. American-made goods as symbol of resistance c. Reawakening of popular protest B. Boston Massacre 1. Stationing of troops in Boston 2...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Contents Title Page Dedication Prologue CHAPTER ONE: Republicans and Democrats CHAPTER TWO: Values CHAPTER THREE: Our Constitution CHAPTER FOUR: Politics CHAPTER FIVE: Opportunity CHAPTER SIX: Faith CHAPTER SEVEN: Race CHAPTER EIGHT: The World Beyond Our Borders CHAPTER NINE: Family Epilogue Acknowledgments About the Author Also by Barack Obama Copyright Prologue IT’S BEEN ALMOST ten years since I first ran for political office. I was thirty-five at the time, four years out of law school, recently married, and generally impatient with life. A seat in the Illinois legislature had opened up, and several friends suggested that I run, thinking that my work as a civil rights lawyer, and contacts from my days as a community organizer, would make me a viable candidate. After discussing it with my wife, I entered the race and proceeded to do what every first-time candidate does: I talked to anyone who would listen. I went to block club meetings and church socials, beauty shops and barbershops. If two guys were standing on a corner, I would cross the street to hand them campaign literature. And everywhere I went, I’d get some version of the same two questions. “Where’d you get that funny name?” And then: “You seem like a nice enough guy. Why do you want to go into something dirty and nasty like politics?” I was familiar with the question, a variant on the questions asked of me years earlier, when I’d first arrived in Chicago to work in low-income neighborhoods. It signaled a cynicism...
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...Bloodlines of Illuminati by: Fritz Springmeier, 1995 Introduction: I am pleased & honored to present this book to those in the world who love the truth. This is a book for lovers of the Truth. This is a book for those who are already familiar with my past writings. An Illuminati Grand Master once said that the world is a stage and we are all actors. Of course this was not an original thought, but it certainly is a way of describing the Illuminati view of how the world works. The people of the world are an audience to which the Illuminati entertain with propaganda. Just one of the thousands of recent examples of this type of acting done for the public was President Bill Clinton’s 1995 State of the Union address. The speech was designed to push all of the warm fuzzy buttons of his listening audience that he could. All the green lights for acceptance were systematically pushed by the President’s speech with the help of a controlled congressional audience. The truth on the other hand doesn’t always tickle the ear and warm the ego of its listeners. The light of truth in this book will be too bright for some people who will want to return to the safe comfort of their darkness. I am not a conspiracy theorist. I deal with real facts, not theory. Some of the people I write about, I have met. Some of the people I expose are alive and very dangerous. The darkness has never liked the light. Yet, many of the secrets of the Illuminati are locked up tightly simply because secrecy is a way...
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...[Enter Document Title] Foundations of the U.S. Legal System Prof. William Ewald Contributors Wim De Vlieger Suvitcha Nativivat Alasdair Henderson Ana Carolina Kliemann Alexey Kruglyakov Rafael A. Rosillo Pasquale Siciliani Paul Lanois Gloria M. Gasso Kamel Ait El Hadj Yuanyuan Zheng Ana L. Marquez Pumthan Chaichantipyuth Wenzhen Dai Penn Law Summer 2006 I. Introduction and Historical Background A. What the course will cover? This is not an introductory course. You are all lawyers; I shall assume a good deal of professional expertise, and that many of you already have a body of knowledge about American law. The task: prepare you for the coming year, give you the basic grounding that you will need for the courses you are going to start taking in September. For this, you need two things: ♥ A great deal of basic factual information about how the courts and the legal system function, and about basic legal concepts (and legal vocabulary); ♥ But more importantly: background information about some of the critical ways in which the American legal system is unique, and differs from legal systems elsewhere in the world. This is hard: often you will find that your professors or fellow‐students will make assumptions or presuppose certain ways of doing things that aren’t explained in class. A large goal of this course is to explain those assumptions...
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