...can have a negative impact. There has been a lot of Psychological research done that examines these behaviors in an attempt to enhance job performance. This paper attempts to define both the counterproductive behaviors that can be detrimental to an organization and the productive employee behaviors that enhance an organization. Productive Behavior and its impact on an organization Productive behavior is defined as employee behavior that contributes positively to the goals and objectives of the organization displayed from their employees (Jex & Britt, 2008). Three of the more common forms of productive employee behaviors are job performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and innovation. Job performance in generic terms covers all of the behaviors that employees engage in while on the job (Jex & Britt, 2008). This unfortunately is not very accurate because employees often engage in behaviors that have little to do with the job task the employees are performing. Job performance may be better described as not only how well an employee performs a job task, but also includes other forms of productive behavior. Over time the research has concluded that three variables can be pointed to as predictors of job performance. One is general cognitive ability. The second one is level of job experience and lastly there is the personality trait of conscientiousness (Jex & Britt, 2008). Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is another form of productive behavior. Generally...
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...attitudes and job satisfaction. Research has been done on this subject, and it has been determined that there are 3 major knowledge gaps between HR practice and the scientific research. The article by Saari and Judge , “Employee Attitudes and Job Satisfaction” (2004), discusses not only what those gaps are but what could be done to bridge those gaps. Employee Attitudes The first of the 3 knowledge gaps between HR practice and the scientific research is finding out what the causes of employee attitudes are. The most crucial of the employee attitudes is job satisfaction. The definition of satisfaction as seen by E.A. Locke in his 1976 published article was “a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences” (Saari & Judge, 2004). We tend to use both feeling and thinking when we appraise our jobs, just like when we evaluate something of importance to us in our lives,. One of the influences that is usually overlooked by HR specialists when considering job satisfaction is the work itself (Saari & Judge, 2004). There have even been a number of studies that show how one’s job satisfaction can be influenced by one’s temperament. It has also been indicated that the differences in temperament or disposition of some employees can be linked to their differences in job satisfaction, although that relationship has not been fully understood yet. An employee’s culture can also have an impact on their attitude or job satisfaction. Due...
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...Obstacles o Belief that the world is a just place. People want the world to be controllable and predictable, thus they want to believe the world is just, and thus if you behave by the rules you will be all right, or if you fail to follow the rules bad things will happen. Hand-me-down management formulas that reinforce this false belief. o Yourself. Don’t self-handicap. People are afraid of setbacks and implications for their self-image; so they often don’t do all they can to increase their power. Get over yourself and beyond your concerns with self-image, or, for that matter, the perception others have of you. Others aren’t worrying or thinking about you that much anyway! They are mostly concerned with themselves. Politics vs. Performance o People who had more political skill...
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...believe that companies utilize organizational psychology to understand why people act in a certain way, or perhaps to determine ones outcome prior to the end. Research and Statistics is at the foundation of I/O psychology in the scientist-practitioner perspective (Rego, 2010). I/O psychology informs the company about one’s behavior. The use of evidence-based information depends on the integrity of using correct collected data, and analyzing them in a meaningful way (Rego, 2010). Some of the methods used by psychologist are as follows: surveys, experiments, quasi-experiments, and observational studies (Webster, 2010). Other forms of statistics include human judgments, historical databases, and other measures of one’s work performance. Leadership, job performance, and employee stress, all selection techniques that depend on the validity of data received. Simply put, the company’s ability to learn new methods and tactics and their effectiveness on the employees is what research provides to the company. Organizational commitment is the employee’s commitment to the company. Several employees are committed to his or her organization because he or she may believe that the company has much to offer (Rego, 2010). The economy is suffering and many will stay with a company just because leaving the company is more...
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...industrial/organizational psychology. Industrial/Organizational psychology was invented in the twentieth century around the late 1800’s. I/O was introduced by two experimental psychologists who wanted to combine psychology to fixing problems within an organization. In the United States, the focus was on job performance and efficiency, and in the United Kingdom, the focus was on employee fatigue and health. In 1901, the first I/O Ph.D was awarded and in 1913, the first I/O textbook was published. Frederick Winslow Taylor was a huge influence to the field of I/O and wrote the Scientific Management, which stated: “Each job should be carefully analyzed so that the optimal way of doing tasks can be specified. Employees should be selected (hired) according to characteristics that are related to job performance. Managers should study existing employees to find out what personal characteristics are important. Employees should be carefully trained to do their job tasks. Employees should be rewarded for their productivity to encourage high levels of performance” (Chapter 1). WWI took advantage of I/O psychology. Psychologists offered their services in hopes of helping the army place recruits in the job for which they were best suited for. I/O expanded into today, as company regularly hire these psychologists to identify and solve problems within the companies. I/O psychology is used to improve company and employee...
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...for success of any organization lies in the performance of their employees. As organisations grow and mature, managements try to adopt measures to improve the performance of their employees and a lot of questions arise on the best way to go about. Managing Director of Green Curve Interiors, an established interior design and build company, aims to implement an organizational behaviour aimed at ensuring improved job performance of their employees. This paper tries to answer one of his question, ”How does personality affect job performance among various occupational groups?”, by investigating the relation of the “Big Five” personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness) to job performance for three occupational groups (Mangers, Skilled Workers and Sales). Office based employees at Green Curve Interiors were administered a widely acknowledged Big Five personality online test to obtain their personality trait score. Regression line and scatter charts were the tools used in our study to find the relation between the results of personality test score and job performance ratings. In our study we categorised green curve employees according to their occupational groups. From our analysis we found that conscientiousness was the best predictor for overall job performance among different occupational groups. We also found that extraversion and openness traits did not predict overall job performance, but they did predict success in specific occupations...
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...Performance of Garment Factory Workers in Relation to Personality Traits and Work Related Attitudes Abstract The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship of job performance of the garments factories workers with personality traits and work related attitudes. Five hundred two workers were selected purposively as respondents. In order to measure the variables of the present study, the Bengali versions of big five personality test, job involvement scale, organizational commitment scale, employee job performance scale were administered on the respondents. Seven hypotheses were formulated to test in the present study. Data were analyzed by applying Pearson product correlation and stepwise multiple regression methods. The results of correlation matrix indicate that there are significant positive relationships of job involvement, organizational commitment, and job performance with four factors (openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness & conscientiousness) out of big five personality factors. Result also shows that there is a significant negative relationship of job performance with neuroticism. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses suggest that conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience are three predictors where conscientiousness is the strongest predictor which alone explains 46.3% of variance as well as these three variables account for 52.7% of variance in job performance. On the other hand job, work related attitude...
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...RESEARCH BACKGROUND Job performance has been defined as ‘‘behavior or action that is relevant for the organization’s goals and that can be measured in terms of the level of contribution to goals that is represented by a particular action or set of actions’’ (Campbell, 1999; p. 402). According to Campbell and his colleagues (Campbell, 1990; Campbell, McCloy, Oppler, & Sager, 1993), job performance is a multidimensional construct consisting of eight dimensions, one of which is job-specific task proficiency. Job-specific tasks are the tasks that are most central to the job, or the tasks that distinguish one job from another. In this study, we focus on job-specific task proficiency or ‘‘task performance,’’ because these proficiencies are the most fundamental units of successful job performance. Thus, individuals must be successful at task performance in order to be successful at their jobs and therefore in an organization. According to Campbell, Gasser, and Oswald (1996) argued that rather than focusing on global measures of job performance, we should instead examine specific dimensions or facets of performance. Whereas significant progress has been made in expanding the criterion domain beyond simply capturing the formal task-related requirements of jobs, we suggest that further expansion of the criterion domain will likely yield stronger validity evidence for the Big Five. In the sections that follow, we first review the current status of performance criteria in a broad sense...
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...Thibaud Martin The Influences of Choosing the Right Personality Test on Jobs and the Future Development The Influences of Choosing the Right Personality Test on Jobs and the Future Development Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 The current issues caused by inappropriate personality test 2 The Ways to Develop a Valid Personality Test 3 The Influences of a Valid Personality Test on the Future HR Management 5 The Problems and Obstacles 7 Conclusion 9 Executive Summary The influence of the appropriate personality test on the human resources management is that it can help enterprises to choose the suitable job, work, and team for individuals and make the right career choice and adjustment, based on the result of the test. These will ultimately help companies achieve a well-organized function and higher productivity through the rational development of staff capacities and skills. Personality assessment can help employers to cluster employees into a serial teams, which the team members in each group have similar personality, interests, values, abilities, and needs. By doing so, employees enable to contribute their maximum capacity and knowledge to the company. Also, there is a relationship among personality, motivation, and productivity. Team members are usually motivated while working with others who have the similar personality and this motivation will enhance the overall performance. However, the personality test is not yet mature so that the degrees of reliability...
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...PERSONALITY AND JOB SATISFACTION: AN INVESTIGATION OF CENTRAL WISCONSIN FIREFIGHTERS Interactions Between Personality and Various Factors at a Local Fire Department By Jennifer S. Skibba A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in Applied Psychology Approved: 4 Semester Credits Dr. James Tan, Investigation Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2002 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 Abstract (Writer) Skibba (Last Name) Jennifer (First) S. (Initial) Personality and Job Satisfaction: An Investigation of (Title) Central Wisconsin Firefighters Applied Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. James Tan (Research Advisor) May, 2002 (Month/Year) 108 (No.of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual 4th Edition (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate how personality and job satisfaction affect job performance in employees at a Central Wisconsin fire department. Through a process of conducting assessments and gaining access to performance evaluations completed at the department, interactions between the variables was seen. The main effects found were that Factor C (Emotional Stability) and Factor F (Liveliness) of Cattell’s 16 PF had positive correlations with job performance, while Factor H (Social Boldness) had a negative relationship...
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...com/bam/humres The use of personality measures in personnel selection: What does current research support?☆ Mitchell G. Rothstein a,⁎, Richard D. Goffin b a Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7 b Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Canada Abstract With an eye toward research and practice, this article reviews and evaluates main trends that have contributed to the increasing use of personality assessment in personnel selection. Research on the ability of personality to predict job performance is covered, including the Five Factor Model of personality versus narrow personality measures, meta-analyses of personality–criterion relationships, moderator effects, mediator effects, and incremental validity of personality over other selection testing methods. Personality and team performance is also covered. Main trends in contemporary research on the extent to which applicant “faking” of personality tests poses a serious threat are explicated, as are promising approaches for contending with applicant faking such as the “faking warning” and the forced-choice method of personality assessment. Finally, internet-based assessment of personality and computer adaptive personality testing are synopsized. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Personality assessment; Personnel selection; Five factor model; Personality and job performance prediction Personality measures are increasingly being...
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...By knowing more about employees’ personalities, does it help managers to manage them? Introduction In this paper, I am going to find out how the managers can have a better management by knowing more about employees’ personality? First of all, some key words need to be clearly defined. Personality is a person’s characteristics in psychological view which influence someone responds, communicates with people. Traits are some particular quality in person’s character and fundamental characters are parts which important to make up of personality. Consequently, we should know someone personality by beginning investigating and analyzing their basic traits. Then, we can have deeper understanding about those persons. Why we need to study personality when doing management? Personality is important psychological elements which influencing how staff act in an organization. “Managerial performance is largely composed of task completion and relationship building (e.g. Conway, 1999). Both of these performance dimensions have intuitive links to various attributes of persons, such as personality traits.” Which stated in a journal from American Psychological Association of applied psychology. This journal stated the how important knowing personality of employees in management. Measurement of personality Personality or personality traits theories are explained in many journal and publications. Then, I discuss about personality from two different theories, which are the humanistic approach...
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... Introduction 2 Personality 2 Personality determinants 2 Personality Related theories 3 Five Key Factor Model 3 Hypothesis 3 Conclusion 3 Reference List 3 Introduction For many decades, there has been an ongoing debate about the usefulness and validity of personality measures in selection contexts. While some authors believe that those instruments lack validity, others recommend their use as a selection instrument. There is plenty of literature available on this topic, but it is fairly controversial (Alvesson 2002). For the purpose of this report; job performance concerns the attitudes, information and skills that are desired to facilitate one to perform the tasks listed in the job description by the organization; of which task performance includes one’s behaviour that involves in the conversion of organizational resources into finished goods and services. Organizations worldwide use performance appraisal as a means to ensure the job performance of workers, moreover personality measures recently have received considerable attention in the employee selection process since personality of an individual is closely linked with the process of job or work performance. The relationship between personality and the level of job performance is dependent on the environment in which he/she is working (Alvesson 2002). It is important to note that job or work performance of an individual are related to organizational success or failure. Hence performance should be aligned to...
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...Creating a plan for positive influence Plan to improve the performance of a soccer team within one season (one year) which has been underperforming for a few years and has just been purchased. Team collaboration is a challenge organizations encounter because of various personalities, attitudes, emotions and values of the individuals that make up the team. A team is a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project. The team members should be willing to plan strategically to achieve the desired goals. To positively influence a team to improve performance, the team has to be well motivated, motivation usually leads to job satisfaction and job satisfaction comes with the end result being improved team performance. First there has to be goal setting which every member of the team can relate to. This goal is to improve prove performance in one year. Next we have to bring together the individuals that would help achieve the pre determine goal. The first team member should be the team leader (coach) who has a record of being able to motivate his team members. Then we bring in the team members each with attributes which he can bring to help the team achieve its desired goal. Motivation: Motivation refers to the force (effort) within a person that affects the direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. Intensity describes how hard a person tries; this is a major element when we talk about motivation. We also...
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... COMPARISON MATRIX RESEARCH STUDY PAPER Introduction The first article: Leadership as Situational Factor on Personality-Performance Relationship: An Empirical Study of The Taiwan’s Office Machinery Sales Force. By Kuang-Hui Chiu Tsai Chen The second article: Leadership and Organizational Culture: Linking CEO Characteristics to Cultural Values. By Tomas R. Gilberson, Christian J. Resick, Marcus W. Dickson, Jacqueline K. Mitchelson, Kenneth R. Randall and Malissa A. Clark. The third article (from reference list of the first article): The Big Five Personality Traits and Individual Job Performance Growth Trajectories in Maintenance and Transitional Job Stages. By Carl J Thoresen, Jill C. Bradley, Paul D. Bliese and Joseph D. Thoresen Chiu and Chen, (2011), in their research explored Taiwan’s business environments and the methods of hiring and retention of well skilled and well trained employees (p.2). Only a few research studies have been done on personality traits influencing certain types of leader styles (Chiu and Chen, 2011, p.4). What if any connection does personality traits have on job performance? There are many none and un-none variables that produce weak and strong job performance (p.4). Gilberson, Resick and Dickson, et al (2009), in their study uncovered the connection between highest level of company leadership and...
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