...Summarize the Age of Jackson and his war with the Bank and their importance including the party machine, Democrats and Whigs, public and private freedom, South Carolina and Nullification, Calhoun’s political theory, the Nullification crisis, Indian removal, the Supreme Court and the Indians, Biddle’s bank, pet banks, the economy, and the panic of 1837. Although winning the most electoral and popular votes during the presidential election of 1824, Andrew Jackson lost the race to John Quincy Adams. The election of 1824 laid the ground work for a new system of political parties. In 1828, Van Buren, established the political apparatus of the Democratic Party, complete with local and state party units overseen by a national committee and network of local newspapers devoted to the party and to the election of Andrew Jackson. During the election, Jackson’s supporters made few campaign promises, relying on their candidate’s popularity and the working of party machinery to get the vote out. Nearly 57 percent of the eligible electorate cast ballots, more than double the percentage four years earlier. Jackson won a resounding victory, carrying the entire South and West, along with Pennsylvania. His election was the first to demonstrate how the advent if universal white male voting organized by national political parties, had transformed American politics. Andrew Jackson had little formal education and was a man of many contradictions. He held a vision of democracy that excluded any...
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...the Peggy Eaton affair. c. a lessening of political party organizations. d. the demise of the Whig Party. e. slavery. 54. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s a. divided the nation further. b. was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. c. resulted in the Civil War. d. fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. e. became an important part of the nation’s checks and balances. 55. In the 1820s and 1830s the public’s attitude regarding political parties a. grew more negative. b. saw little change from the early years of our nation. c. reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings. d. accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life. e. none of the above. 56. By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following except a. the use of banners. b. free drinks. c. parades. d. baby kissing. e. deference. 57. By the 1840s voter participation in the presidential election reached a. nearly 50 percent. b. 25 percent. c. 40 percent. d. 15 percent...
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...drove up prices for all Americans and invited tariffs on agricultural exports. * Congress increased the general tariff in 1824. * Supporters of Andrew Jackson promoted a high-tariff bill. It was passed in 1828. * The Tariff of 1828 was also called the "Yankee Tariff,” the "Black Tariff" and the "Tariff of Abominations.” * It was hated by Southerners because it was an extremely high tariff and they felt it discriminated against them. * Southern states formed formal protests. * The South was having economic struggles and the tariff was a scapegoat. * Denmark Vesey led a slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. * The South Carolina Exposition: * Published in 1828. * Written by John C. Calhoun. * It was a pamphlet that denounced the Tariff of 1828 as unjust and unconstitutional. * It proposed that the states should nullify the tariff and declare it null and void within their borders. "Nullies" in the South * Congress...
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...Jackson, the seventh president, is one of the most important and significant presidents in the history of the United States. As a vice-president and president (1824 to 1832) he reshaped and redirected the course of American expansion and democracy. Jackson believed the president is the direct representative of the people. He was the man of action and shrewd politician. He knew how to manipulate men and could be affable or abusive or abusive as the occasion demanded.(nation of nations, 2005 ) Andrew Jackson came to personify the new democratic culture. Through his forceful leadership he significantly expanded the powers of the presidency. Jackson threatened to use force against South Carolina when it tried to nullify the federal tariff using john c. Calhoun’s theory of nullification that is that a state convention could nullify a federal law. He vetoed a bill to recharter the second bank of the United States and destroyed the bank by removing its federal deposits. He called for legislation to remove native peoples west to of the Mississippi voiding treaties found legitimate by the Supreme Court during the winter months of 1835-36 to ensure the greatest suffering to these peoples. One quarter of the tribal people died in transit to Oklahoma during this move. Jacksonian era went through the deep and rapid changes. The revolution in markets brought both economic expansion and periodic depressions as its citizens competed for status and wealth. He converted the veto into an effective...
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...Monroe I. Introduction a. Was the fifthpresident of the United States b. Purpose of the paper i. Early life and early political career ii. James Monroe’s presidencyachievements iii. Post-presidency iv. Time and place of death II. Early life and early political career a. Family b. Education and military service c. Early political career i. Virginia politics ii. Ambassador to France iii. Governor of Virginia iv. Secretary of State and Secretary of War III. James Monroe’spresidency achievements a. Presidential elections of 1816 and 1820 b. The Cumberland Road Bill c. Indigenous American policies d. Administration and Cabinet e. Foreign policy i. Monroe Doctrine ii. The acquisition of Florida IV. Post-presidency V. Thoughts on slavery VI. Time and place of death VII. Conclusion a. Early life and early political career b. James Monroe’s presidency achievements c. Post-presidency d. Time and place of death James Monroe is remembered for his victorious win to become the 5th president of America. His life both private and political was closely monitored and documented due to the impact he made to the economy, socio and political sphere in the united state of America. He was born on the 28th April, 1758 on a plantation in Westmoreland...
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...and South Carolina objecting to the cause. After the Tariff of 1828 passed, due to Jackson thinking that his thought of placing a high tariff would not work, John C. Calhoun drafted the South Carolina Exposition. The exposition gave the idea for nullification so that serious problems of the political society could be answered such as: how to protect the rights of the minority in the government. Calhoun believed that the United States consisted of independent and sovereign states, and since they had joined the Union they had the right to reject any and every federal law they felt was unconstitutional. The nullification was fully put into action in 1832 when the Congress did not revise the Tariff of Abominations. On February 1, 1833 the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were ruled out in South Carolina. Even though the tariffs were voided out in South Carolina, President Jackson did not want South Carolina to defeat the government so he delivered a Proclamation on Nullification in December of 1832. In address he stated that the states that joined the Union were in fact not independent so they were not able to reject laws by the federal government and only the Supreme Court could take that action. So with statement that Calhoun had said he committed treason, and that is when the Force Bill in March 1833 was created. Calhoun decided after everything that had taken place to back away from the nullification and support the lower tariff bill that went into effect...
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...John Caldwell Calhoun was born at Abbeville, South Carolina of United States on March 18, 1782. He was the fourth child of couple Patrick Calhoun and wife Martha Caldwell. Calhoun was gifted with scholastic talent and was enrolled in Yale College in Connecticut in the year 1802 where he was financed by his brothers to pursue his studies. He was best known as an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina. Calhoun won the election to the House of Representative in 1810 and served in South Carolina’s 6th district legislature for three terms. He immediately became leader of “warhawks” along with co-leader Henry Clay. Calhoun also served as Secretary of War during the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe from 1817 to 1825 and during the election of 1824, he was nominated to run for presidency along with four others, John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Crawford, and Andrew Jackson. Unfortunately he didn’t win but was elected as the 7th vice-president instead under Andrew Jackson and during the re-election of John Quincy Adams. On December 29, 1832, when Calhoun...
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...use his veto powers enthusiastically and felt as if he was the servant to the people. Unlike the 1824 election, no other major candidates appeared in the race, allowing Jackson to consolidate a power base and easily win an electoral victory over Adams. There was little doubt among Americans that Jackson was going to win the election of 1828. His popularity continued to grow and his supporters dominated state legislatures to help ensure his election. There was fright among his opponents that he would institute a military dictatorship and run the country into the ground. Jackson depolarized American politics and for this alone, Jackson should be seen as an important president. In the campaign of 1828, Jackson's views distinguished him from John Quincy Adams. While Adams viewed an active government as the way to achieve true liberty, Jackson preferred to limit governmental power and return to the path of Jeffersonian transparency. The comparison between the two was everything but perfect. Jackson dissatisfied some idealists in the south by endorsing tariff protection and the distribution of any extra money back to the states. It was evident that, compared to his opponent, Jackson would use any federal powers he had to do what he thought was right. He considered...
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...Chapter 7: The Rise of Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820–1845) THE GROWTH OF THE FACTORY Economic growth was a key component of Henry Clay’s American System, and in the aftermath of the War of 1812, measures were taken to expand American industry. American industries were protected by the Tariff of 1816, which raised import tariffs by 25 percent. At the same time state governments began improving road, river, and canal transportation systems. Before 1820 almost all products made in America were completed using a system borrowed from Europe called the putting-out system. Under this system merchants would buy the raw materials, recruit dozens, or in some case hundreds, of farm families to do the work, and then sell the finished product. Many shoes in New England were made in this manner; women and children would make part of the shoe, which would be finished by experienced shoemakers. Beginning in the late 1780s the textile industry started to use power-driven machines and interchangeable parts. All power in these early factories came from water, so the early factories all were located along rivers. Most were located in New England or the Middle states. In the 1790s factories like those in Lowell, Massachusetts, began to weave cotton imported from the south. With the introduction of the cotton gin in the same decade, more cotton became available, and production boomed. By 1840 the textile industry employed nearly 75,000 workers, with almost half of...
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....S. History ©2014 Unit 3—Expansion and Reform (1815-1850) 1. Why was the primary characteristic of the “Era of Good Feelings” (1815-1819) after the War of 1812? 2. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the nation’s economy?. 3. How was nationalism reflected in domestic and foreign policies during the Era of Good Feelings? 4. Describe the sectional issues and events that brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings. 5. What was “Jacksonian Democracy”? 6. Describe the impact of federal government’s Indian policies under Andrew Jackson. 7. What issues impacted American politics while Andrew Jackson was president? 8. What was the Second Great Awakening and what effect did it have on social movements in the mid-1800s? 9. Identify the major reform movements of the mid-1800s. 10. What effect did the women’s rights movement have? 11. Identify significant figures in the abolitionist movement and describe their efforts to end slavery. 12. How did territorial expansion into Texas lead to conflict and change? 13. Explain how “Manifest Destiny” resulted in westward expansion. 14. Describe how the Mexican War resulted in increased sectionalism. 15. Which territorial acquisitions were a result of the Mexican War? Flashcards: http://www.quia.com/jg/2615676.html Words to know 1. nationalism 2. protective tariff 3. internal improvement 4. sectionalism 5. doctrine 6. suffrage 7. patronage 8. nullification 9. reform ...
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...new industrial centers from competition from the more established manufacturing sectors of Europe. The tariff, however, ended up increasing prices on manufactured goods in the South, and southerners were unwilling to suffer for the benefit of the North. In 1832, the legislature of South Carolina voted to “veto” the Tariff of Abominations, declaring it unconstitutional. In doing so, the legislators were following a doctrine previously advocated by Vice President John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. Calhoun had argued that every state in the Union was a sovereign entity that had the power to decide the validity of federal legislation within its own borders, particularly if such legislation was harmful to a state’s interests. Congress and President Andrew Jackson disagreed with Calhoun and South Carolina. Congress authorized the use of force to compel states to abide by federal laws. South Carolina responded by threatening to secede from the Union. The resulting standoff became known as the Nullification Crisis. Calhoun, his presidential ambitions damaged by his advocacy of states’ rights to nullify federal laws, ran for U.S. Senate and was elected at the end of the year. This political cartoon criticizes major figures, depicting...
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...The Presidency of Andrew Jackson – The Rise of Mass Democracy |Andrew Jackson – Biographical snap shot | |-His parents had been immigrants | |-At 14 he fought in the American Revolution | |-Experienced dueling a couple of times | |-War hero (Battle of New Orleans and Indian Wars in Florida) | |-Great ethical man – person life was beyond reproach | |-A lot of integrity | |-Not another guy from the Aristocracy | | | |Practiced law in Tennessee, Jackson had become a wealthy land speculator and slave owner, was first man elected from Tennessee to | |the House of Representatives, and he served briefly in the Senate. A major general in...
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...Christopher Karpinski 1.The crisis threatened to tear the nation apart. This crisis was the passage of the Nullification Ordinances by the South Carolina State Assembly in November of 1832. The unity and survival of the nation depended upon President Andrew Jackson's response. On December 10, 1832, President Jackson presented his response to the Congress, arguing that the justification for state nullification of federal laws was misguided, unconstitutional, and treasonous to the country. Jackson began his proclamation by outlining the reasons and reservations that led South Carolina to pass the ordinance; their major concerns were the tariffs of May 29, 1828 and June 14, 1832. South Carolina believed these measures were unfair and didn't fall within the constitutional power of Congress to raise revenue; they proclaimed the laws null and void and threatened succession. In his address, Jackson showed that the doctrine of nullification was incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed. First, he posited that South Carolina's objections based on stated powers and fairness were misguided and incorrect because the Constitution gave Congress the discretionary power to raise revenue by taxation. Next, Jackson argued the Constitution joined the states into a single nation, and in becoming...
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...John c Calhoun can be referred to as a “Major South Carolina political leader of the nineteenth century, was at first a part of this sense of national unity”. A seat at the South Carolina legislature was the first thing that John C. Calhoun had been elected to in 1808. However, Calhoun appointed a group of individuals that changed the South Carolina constitution. After his term at the legislature he became the representative of Abbeville district in congress from 1811-1817. While being the representative Calhoun considered himself a "war hawk". John proved that he was a nationalist in the seven years at office by supporting goals that his colleges had. Calhoun was referred to by colleagues in the U.S. House as “the young Hercules who carried...
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... 3. Strengthening the Union B. The Powers of the Nation 1. Enumerated Powers 2. Implied Powers C. The Powers of the States II. Federalism in Historical Perspective A. An Indestructible Union (1789–1865) 1. The Nationalist View: McCulloch v. Maryland 2. The States’ Rights View: The Dred Scott Decision B. Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865–1937) 1. The Fourteenth Amendment and State Discretion 2. Judicial Protection of Business 3. National Authority Prevails C. Toward National Citizenship III. Federalism Today A. Interdependency and Intergovernmental Relations B. Government Revenues and Intergovernmental Relations 1. Fiscal Federalism 2. Categorical and Block Grants C. Devolution 1. The Republican Revolution 2. Devolution, Judicial Style IV. The Public’s Influence: Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Chapter Summary The foremost characteristic of the American political system is its division of authority between a national government and the states. The first U.S. government, established by the Articles of Confederation...
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