...Summarize the Age of Jackson and his war with the Bank and their importance including the party machine, Democrats and Whigs, public and private freedom, South Carolina and Nullification, Calhoun’s political theory, the Nullification crisis, Indian removal, the Supreme Court and the Indians, Biddle’s bank, pet banks, the economy, and the panic of 1837. Although winning the most electoral and popular votes during the presidential election of 1824, Andrew Jackson lost the race to John Quincy Adams. The election of 1824 laid the ground work for a new system of political parties. In 1828, Van Buren, established the political apparatus of the Democratic Party, complete with local and state party units overseen by a national committee and network of local newspapers devoted to the party and to the election of Andrew Jackson. During the election, Jackson’s supporters made few campaign promises, relying on their candidate’s popularity and the working of party machinery to get the vote out. Nearly 57 percent of the eligible electorate cast ballots, more than double the percentage four years earlier. Jackson won a resounding victory, carrying the entire South and West, along with Pennsylvania. His election was the first to demonstrate how the advent if universal white male voting organized by national political parties, had transformed American politics. Andrew Jackson had little formal education and was a man of many contradictions. He held a vision of democracy that excluded any...
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...The crisis began in 1828 when the Congress of the United States passed the tariff, which infuriated the southern states. Calhoun refuses to accept the protective tariff. He argues that the tariff will bring disadvantages to the South. He talks to the committee about nullifying the tariff. As president he states and believes that the state has the right to nullification. The manufacturing states fail to share burden of the tariff. As Calhoun states, “The fact that they urgently demand an increase, and consider any addition as a blessing, and failure to obtain one, a curse, is the strongest confession, that whatever burden it imposes in reality, falls, not on them but on others” (Calhoun). He continues to argue that the only ones benefiting from the tariff are the northerners, and that it unfairly impacts the south....
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...supporters * Pointed to previous election and say it was corrupt bargain. 1824 * Said the “people should rule” * ------------------------------------------------- Jackson wins in 1828 Jackson Presidency * Old hickory * Tennessee * From the west * Tough * 2 bullets * Malaria, tuberculosis * Lead poisoning * Violent temper * Slave owner Tariff of abominations Tariff- tax on imports * Protects American industry from foreign * Drive up prices * Retaliatory tariffs Tariffs of 1828 (abomination) * Hurt southerners (bought manufactured goods) * Felt discriminated against * ------------------------------------------------- Adds fuel to sectional fire Nullification Crisis a. South Carolina’s state legislature voted to declare the tariff “null and void” in SC b. Made Jackson mad * Sent troops/navy to SC * Began to...
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...Christopher Karpinski 1.The crisis threatened to tear the nation apart. This crisis was the passage of the Nullification Ordinances by the South Carolina State Assembly in November of 1832. The unity and survival of the nation depended upon President Andrew Jackson's response. On December 10, 1832, President Jackson presented his response to the Congress, arguing that the justification for state nullification of federal laws was misguided, unconstitutional, and treasonous to the country. Jackson began his proclamation by outlining the reasons and reservations that led South Carolina to pass the ordinance; their major concerns were the tariffs of May 29, 1828 and June 14, 1832. South Carolina believed these measures were unfair and didn't fall within the constitutional power of Congress to raise revenue; they proclaimed the laws null and void and threatened succession. In his address, Jackson showed that the doctrine of nullification was incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed. First, he posited that South Carolina's objections based on stated powers and fairness were misguided and incorrect because the Constitution gave Congress the discretionary power to raise revenue by taxation. Next, Jackson argued the Constitution joined the states into a single nation, and in becoming...
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...Chapter 13 Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions. 53. In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was a. economic prosperity. b. the Peggy Eaton affair. c. a lessening of political party organizations. d. the demise of the Whig Party. e. slavery. 54. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s a. divided the nation further. b. was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. c. resulted in the Civil War. d. fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. e. became an important part of the nation’s checks and balances. 55. In the 1820s and 1830s the public’s attitude regarding political parties a. grew more negative. b. saw little change from the early years of our nation. c. reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings. d. accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life. e. none of the above. 56. By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following except a. the use of banners. b. free drinks. c. parades. d. baby kissing. e. deference...
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...the legislature of South Carolina voted to “veto” the Tariff of Abominations, declaring it unconstitutional. In doing so, the legislators were following a doctrine previously advocated by Vice President John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. Calhoun had argued that every state in the Union was a sovereign entity that had the power to decide the validity of federal legislation within its own borders, particularly if such legislation was harmful to a state’s interests. Congress and President Andrew Jackson disagreed with Calhoun and South Carolina. Congress authorized the use of force to compel states to abide by federal laws. South Carolina responded by threatening to secede from the Union. The resulting standoff became known as the Nullification Crisis. Calhoun, his presidential ambitions damaged by his advocacy of states’ rights to nullify federal laws, ran for U.S. Senate and was elected at the end of the year. This political cartoon criticizes major figures, depicting...
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...In 1832 the United States of America were facing an economic crisis along with national debt that would result in the instillation of a nationwide tariff on goods. However, with the southern states already facing problems of their own with the decreasing prices of cash crops like cotton, this was not exactly a well received ordinance. Governor Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina would take the stand and attempt to denounce the tariff as a violation of the states sovereignty and demanded that states should have the right to nullify federal laws as well as threatening secession if these demands were not met. Meanwhile, President Andrew Jackson would take a strong oppositional stance citing that the Union was well within the laws of the constitution to impose tariffs and thus any attempt to nullify them or any other federal ordinance is illegal and liable to acts of force. In Hayne’s statement, he immediately goes onto the attack. Already in his first paragraph he asserts his goal to, “...uphold the SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY OF THE STATE…”(Hayne, 1) For him, he is loyal to his state first and country second and expresses that the Union is holding South Carolina in a state of, “Colonial vassalage,”(Hayne, 2) due to the abuses of the...
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...Lauren Pikolycky Seelhorst Outline Sections are from Chapter 13 The Spoils System * It was the system of rewarding political supporters with jobs in the government. * This new system had many scandals. * When the Democrats rose to power in the White House, they replaced most of the people in offices with their own people (the common man). * These people were illiterate, incompetent, and plain crooks. * Samuel Swartwout: * Was awarded the lucrative post of collector of the customs of the port of New York. * Nearly nine years later, he left his accounts a million dollars short. * He was the first person to steal a million dollars from the Washington government. The Tricky "Tariff of Abominations" * Tariffs protected American industry against competition from European goods. * Tariffs also drove up prices for all Americans and invited tariffs on agricultural exports. * Congress increased the general tariff in 1824. * Supporters of Andrew Jackson promoted a high-tariff bill. It was passed in 1828. * The Tariff of 1828 was also called the "Yankee Tariff,” the "Black Tariff" and the "Tariff of Abominations.” * It was hated by Southerners because it was an extremely high tariff and they felt it discriminated against them. * Southern states formed formal protests. * The South was having economic struggles and the tariff was a scapegoat. * Denmark Vesey led a slave rebellion in Charleston, South...
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...The Presidency of Andrew Jackson – The Rise of Mass Democracy |Andrew Jackson – Biographical snap shot | |-His parents had been immigrants | |-At 14 he fought in the American Revolution | |-Experienced dueling a couple of times | |-War hero (Battle of New Orleans and Indian Wars in Florida) | |-Great ethical man – person life was beyond reproach | |-A lot of integrity | |-Not another guy from the Aristocracy | | | |Practiced law in Tennessee, Jackson had become a wealthy land speculator and slave owner, was first man elected from Tennessee to | |the House of Representatives, and he served briefly in the Senate. A major general in...
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...The Nullification Crisis happened during Andrew Jackson’s presidency and was caused by South Carolina’s signing of the 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. Andrew Jackson was different than other presidents because he believed that the job of a president is to represent all of the people. Congress lowered product rates, but kept cotton and fabric high in response to Andrew Jackson’s idea. Jackson wanted to reduce tariff rates and therefore, Congress passed the Tariff of 1832. Once the Tariff was passed, Vice President John C. Calhoun was not very happy about the decision because he knew the South would hurt economically from this change. Only Northern and Western industries would benefit from this change since they had industry. During that time...
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...Juror # 1: He is the foreman on this jury. He takes his role very seriously but is seen at times to lose control of the proceedings of the group of jury members that he is supposed to oversee. Juror # 2: He seems to be the most timid and nervous member of the jury. He is easily swayed by the opinion of others. Juror # 3: He is the most vociferous member of the jury. He has some very strong opinions which at times appear to not be backed by any logic. His character shows some signs of sadism ingrained in him. Juror # 4: He is a strong character who presents himself and his thoughts in a respectable manner at all times. He’s main concern is facts and he’s opinion is not swayed by any non-factual information about the case. Juror # 5: He has lived in slums for a large part of his life and appears to suffer from a sense of low esteem as a result, which becomes obvious at various parts of the proceedings. Juror # 6: He is a house painter who is happy to be a part of the jury as it means that he doesn’t have to work. He is accepting of views which differ from his own. Juror # 7: He portrays an air of indifference to the case. He’s main concern is whether the proceedings will end before the baseball match whose tickets he has bought, starts. Juror # 8: He is the only member who voted “not guilty” in the first voting. He’s main concern was that the trial was not handled in a proper manner by the defendants lawyer. He wanted to examine the evidence more thoroughly to see whether...
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...Twelve Angry Men – Book Report How does your background and peer pressure influence your opinions and decisions? The play we read “twelve angry men” shows how a jury makes such an important decision of either sending the defendant to his death or keeping him alive – the jury determinates the fate of a 16 year old boy. As the title suggests that there are 12 men in the jury who do not know one another, and do not know the defendant, but these jurors have to work as one united group to argue and reach an agreement. They all have to be convinced wither the boy is guilty or not. The trial is about a sixteen year old boy accused with the murder of his father. The story has no plot because it tells us how these 12 jurors argue about the case in a small room and reach the final decision. They have to think as a group because, otherwise, it could not work, that means that they will get to the wrong decision, and cause or the release of a killer or the death of an innocent young man. The play emphasizes how they deal with the case and how they make a decision vital for the boy’s life. The jury is actually a group of randomly chosen members of society. Each one of them represents a particular class of the society, not only as a mass of people, but also the way this class of society thinks and behaves. Therefore, every one of them is sensitive to different issues and social norms and also each one of them confirms to different society standards and values of society. It is...
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...Jury in Danger. There were twelve people on the jury. Every one of them killed. No one knew who to blame, but they all suspected the prosecutor, Ash Mayfield. He had been accused of killing his wife, Jessica. The jury members were told to take their seats, as the bailiff announced that court was in session. Everyone had taken their seats while Mr Sultan called up his first witness. After about ten minutes or so, Mr Evans, Ash's lawyer, brought up his witnesses. It continued this way for about another hour or so and then it was time for everyone to go home. The judge announced that the very next day, the jury should have a verdict. When that day came, Mayfield was found not guilty. Five days later, the killings began. The twelve jury members from the Mayfield case were Karen, Linda, Diane, Martin, Louise, Tracey, Ben, Michael, Robert, Samantha, Simon, and John. If only they had known how miserable their lives were about to become. John was at a restaurant with his wife, Suzy. It was their first anniversary, and so they wanted to make it special. It was special alright, but for the worst. John and his wife were talking, when John had to go to the men's room. John was standing over the sink washing his hands. He suspected he was alone, but then out of nowhere someone came up from behind him and wrapped a rope tightly around his neck. He struggled and fought but his attacker was too strong. As John's face turned from pale to purple, he hit the ground...
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...CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT EK RUKA HUA FAISLA GROUP - 3 Group Members:- Amit Pandit Mittal Shah Ramachandran Ravi Kumar Saleem Ali Shaman Singh PLOT SUMMARY: In this movie, the jury of twelve men is entrusted with the power to send an uneducated, teenage boy to the Death Penalty. The crime that the boy is accused of is killing his father with a knife. The jury is locked into a small, claustrophobic room, on a hot summer day, until they come up with a unanimous decision. The decision that is to decide a boy’s life is to be either guilty or not guilty. The film is particularly important as it examines the twelve men's deep-seated personal prejudices. These are reflected in the perceptual biases and weaknesses, indifference, anger, personalities, unreliable judgments, cultural differences, ignorance and fears, that are in a position to mar their decision-making abilities, and subsequently cause them to ignore the real issues in the case. This can potentially lead them to a miscarriage of justice. What are the key learning for you as leaders? First and foremost, we learn that every decision should be based on reasonable evidence and it can be dangerous to rush to conclusions. In the movie, most of the Jury members were initially in a hurry to shut the case and pronounce the accused guilty even when they know it’s a matter of someone’s life. Only Mr. Raina stands against such a decision and demands that the jury should give appropriate time to the issue and have a healthy...
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...Elisha Watson English 25/7 Contention: Prejudice shows how snap judgements were made that heavily influenced the case at hand, however throughout the course of the play we see that these prejudices were broken down. Arguments: 1. Prejudice displayed through the 3rd, 7th, 10th and 2nd jury members and their apparent lack of compassion and sympathy for a boy none of them know that is on trial for a murder case 2. How easily the other, quieter jury members where influenced by authority/ influential members of the jury team (juror 8, juror 3) 3. The American justice system in the 1950s to today’s views on punishment 4. The 1950s and how social/ political and economic choices all influenced the juror’s decisions in the murder case Title, author Context Contention However statement Twelve Angry Men, a play by Reginald Rose, unfolds within the archetypical and unceasing setting of a 20th Century American court room. The audience bear witness to the procession of a court case in which twelve jury members are set to delegate a murder case where the defendant is a young African American boy who is on trial for the alleged killing his father after a heated argument between the accused and the victim. The play’s theme of prejudice is heavily shown to be a prominent theme in which the majority of the jury members make hasty and potentially deadly decisions based on a pre-existing judgement based on the ill-conceived philosophies of that time period, and of what the America justice...
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