History of Journalism in the Philippines
Journalism has been a part of the Roces family. Their involvement had shifted from being mere publishers to defenders of press freedom. As we take a look in the history of journalism, we are to find out how the family became elemental in the development of the field. We areto learn how their contributions made them a significant dynasty in Philippine Print Media. Our glimpse of Philippine Journalism will be divided into seven era:
Early Years
The history of journalism in the Philippines goes back to the 16th century, the same period when England and Europe were starting on the proliferation of community newspapers. It was in the year 1637 when the "Father of Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called "Successos Felices" (Fortunate Events). The publication was written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current events.
In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came up with his Hojas Volantes or "flying sheets". It was titled "Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the Spaniards and had a role comparative to a "town crier."
Surprisingly, it took a gap of a little more than a decade before the first actual newspaper, "Del Superior Govierno," was launched by Gov. Fernandez del Forgueras on August 8, 1811. It was the so-called first regularly issued publication that reported developments about Spain and Europe. It was also the first newspaper that included in its layout the name, date and place of its publication. Unfortunately, the paper only came up with 15 issues within its years of operation from 1811 to 1832.
Period of Revolution
In February 19, 1889 La Solidaridad came out as the "mouthpiece of the revolution." It operated with its policies "to work peacefully for social and economic reforms, to expose the real plight of the Philippines and to champion liberalism and democracy." The staff of the paper was comprised of known personas like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Andres Bonifacio, Pio Valenzuela and Graciano Lopez-Jaena. The later became the founding editor until he was succeeded by del Pilar on October 31, 1889. The paper ceased publication on November 15, 1895 which was then followed by the death of its second and last editor in the early 1896.
From the reformists' newspapers, the secret society of rebels or better known as the Katipunan also came up with their own publication. They established "Ang Kalayaan" (Liberty) on January 1, 1896. It was edited by Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. Unfortunately, it only came out with one issue when a Katipunero betrayed the secrecy of the paper. Nevertheless, its existence increased the membership of the society to 30,000.
American Colonial Period
After the Spaniards' defeat from the Americans, English newspapers started to circulate. It was lead by the Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October 11, 1898. The paper was a response to the complaints of American soldiers with the lack of a good English newspaper at that time. It encountered various changes in ownership including then President Manuel L. Quezon who bought it in 1917 and sold it after four years of possession. Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before Alejandro Roces, Sr. acquired it in 1927. Roces already running the TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune) chain at that time then realized the unnecessary owning of another English paper and so he closed it down in 1930. Also sometime in 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic.
TVT then was considered the first newspaper chain in the Philippines. Its founding was one of the highlight events during the 1920s and had bestowed on Roces the titled "father of modern journalism." Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.

Japanese Occupation
With the invasion of the Japanese most publications were shut down except for the ones they used for their propaganda. DMHM was the first destroyed when Manila was bombed. It was only TVT which was left to operate however it was controlled and functioned as "solely for the benefit of the Japanese state" on October 12, 1942. The chain together with Ramon Roces' Liwayway was allowed to be published regularly but under censorship of the Japanese Imperial Army. The printing and distribution of the periodicals were transferred under Osaka Mainichi Publishing Company, established by Manila Sinbusya Corporation. The only papers that existed those times were that of TVT, Liwayway, Manila Shimbun, Shin-Seiki, Bicol Herald and Davao Nichi-Nichi, all under the control of the corporation.
With the side of the guerrillas they also came up with their own periodicals. These were typewritten or mimeographed paraphernalias on 8 ½ x 11-inch paper edited by journalists-guerillas. The publication served to empower the soldiers' and people's morale and aid as counter propaganda against the Japanese.
Post Liberation
After the atrocities of the Japanese and World War II in general, Manila was freed on February 3, 1945. At that time came a rapid proliferation of publications with most of them simply printed like flyers or in single-sheets. Manila Free Philippines became the first post-Liberation newspaper published by the US Office of War Information. The paper circulated from February - September 1945.
Some of the periodicals closed by the Japanese made comebacks but those used for propaganda one by one perished. Those that disappeared included Philippine Liberty News by Manuel F. Manahan, Manila Post edited by Abelardo Subido and wife Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido,Manila Tribune edited by Vicente Albino-Pacis and acertain Morning Sun.
Those that were revived included The Manila Bulletin, further developed in 1947, Philippines Herald, Manila Chronicle, started as "The People's Newspaper" and was later bought by Eugenio Lopez in 1947 and Manila Times, re-established by the Roces family. Likewise, Ramon Roces, son of Don Alejandro, also put out Manila's first afternoon newspaper called Evening News. Furthermore, his Graphic, renamed as Kislap-Graphic, Liwayway and vernacular sister publications: Bisaya, Bannawag and Hiligaynon were also re-launched.
Martial Law
After more than three decades of free press, on September 21, 1972 upon the declaration of Martial Law, publications were once again halted from their liberal operations. Then Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. I which contained the ordinance, "to take over and control or cause the taking over and control of the mass media for the duration of the national emergency, or until otherwise ordered by the President or by his duly designated representative." Almost similar to the press' situation during the Japanese Occupation, publications were put under government supervision. Media entities were sequestered or closed down restraining their operation unless approved by the MMC / MAC agency, which was tasked to regulate them. Editors, publishers and activist-journalists were put into jail considering them as threat to the administration. It was in this period when the likes Geny Lopez, Jr., Chino Roces, Max V. Soliven, Luis Beltran, Teodoro Locsin, Jose Diokno, Benigno Aquino, Jr. and others were detained at Camp Crame.
The only periodicals that continuously existed were those owned by Marcos' cronies and relatives. These included Manila Daily Bulletin, then owned by the late Gen. Hans Menzi who was presidential aide-de-camp, The Times Journal by Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez, brother of then First Lady, Imelda Marcos, and The Daily Express by Roberto S. Benedicto, who was a family friend.
Contemporary Times
When the Marcos' administration ended because of the first PeoplePower revolt, the press was once again freed. There was an influx of periodicals which was a result ofthe repression. As forthe case of Manila Times, Ramon Roces decided to revive the paper on January 1986, registered under hisgrandson, Alfredo R.Guerrero. He also brought back La Vanguardia Publishing Co., Inc. which was for his other grandson, Ramon R. Davila. The newspaper came out February 5, 1986 with his cousin, Joaquin "Titong" R. Roces as editor-in-chief. The Manila Chronicle was re-established with publisher Joaquin "Chino" Roces and editor Amando Doronilla. The weekly, We Forum, also emerged with Jose Burgos as its publisher. Present day newspapers such as Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star, Manila Standard and even Business World were born during those times.

JUDY ANN DARUNDAY III-1

History of Journalism in the Philippines
Journalism has been a part of the Roces family. Their involvement had shifted from being mere publishers to defenders of press freedom. As we take a look in the history of journalism, we are to find out how the family became elemental in the development of the field. We areto learn how their contributions made them a significant dynasty in Philippine Print Media. Our glimpse of Philippine Journalism will be divided into seven era:
Early Years
The history of journalism in the Philippines goes back to the 16th century, the same period when England and Europe were starting on the proliferation of community newspapers. It was in the year 1637 when the "Father of Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called "Successos Felices" (Fortunate Events). The publication was written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current events.
In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came up with his Hojas Volantes or "flying sheets". It was titled "Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the Spaniards and had a role comparative to a "town crier."
Surprisingly, it took a gap of a little more than a decade before the first actual newspaper, "Del Superior Govierno," was launched by Gov. Fernandez del Forgueras on August 8, 1811. It was the so-called first regularly issued publication that reported developments about Spain and Europe. It was also the first newspaper that included in its layout the name, date and place of its publication. Unfortunately, the paper only came up with 15 issues within its years of operation from 1811 to 1832.
Period of Revolution
In February 19, 1889 La Solidaridad came out as the "mouthpiece of the revolution." It operated with its policies "to work peacefully for social and economic reforms, to expose the real plight of the Philippines and to champion liberalism and democracy." The staff of the paper was comprised of known personas like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Andres Bonifacio, Pio Valenzuela and Graciano Lopez-Jaena. The later became the founding editor until he was succeeded by del Pilar on October 31, 1889. The paper ceased publication on November 15, 1895 which was then followed by the death of its second and last editor in the early 1896.
From the reformists' newspapers, the secret society of rebels or better known as the Katipunan also came up with their own publication. They established "Ang Kalayaan" (Liberty) on January 1, 1896. It was edited by Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. Unfortunately, it only came out with one issue when a Katipunero betrayed the secrecy of the paper. Nevertheless, its existence increased the membership of the society to 30,000.
American Colonial Period
After the Spaniards' defeat from the Americans, English newspapers started to circulate. It was lead by the Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October 11, 1898. The paper was a response to the complaints of American soldiers with the lack of a good English newspaper at that time. It encountered various changes in ownership including then President Manuel L. Quezon who bought it in 1917 and sold it after four years of possession. Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before Alejandro Roces, Sr. acquired it in 1927. Roces already running the TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune) chain at that time then realized the unnecessary owning of another English paper and so he closed it down in 1930. Also sometime in 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic.
TVT then was considered the first newspaper chain in the Philippines. Its founding was one of the highlight events during the 1920s and had bestowed on Roces the titled "father of modern journalism." Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.
Japanese Occupation
With the invasion of the Japanese most publications were shut down except for the ones they used for their propaganda. DMHM was the first destroyed when Manila was bombed. It was only TVT which was left to operate however it was controlled and functioned as "solely for the benefit of the Japanese state" on October 12, 1942. The chain together with Ramon Roces' Liwayway was allowed to be published regularly but under censorship of the Japanese Imperial Army. The printing and distribution of the periodicals were transferred under Osaka Mainichi Publishing Company, established by Manila Sinbusya Corporation. The only papers that existed those times were that of TVT, Liwayway, Manila Shimbun, Shin-Seiki, Bicol Herald and Davao Nichi-Nichi, all under the control of the corporation.
With the side of the guerrillas they also came up with their own periodicals. These were typewritten or mimeographed paraphernalias on 8 ½ x 11-inch paper edited by journalists-guerillas. The publication served to empower the soldiers' and people's morale and aid as counter propaganda against the Japanese.
Post Liberation
After the atrocities of the Japanese and World War II in general, Manila was freed on February 3, 1945. At that time came a rapid proliferation of publications with most of them simply printed like flyers or in single-sheets. Manila Free Philippines became the first post-Liberation newspaper published by the US Office of War Information. The paper circulated from February - September 1945.
Some of the periodicals closed by the Japanese made comebacks but those used for propaganda one by one perished. Those that disappeared included Philippine Liberty News by Manuel F. Manahan, Manila Post edited by Abelardo Subido and wife Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido,Manila Tribune edited by Vicente Albino-Pacis and acertain Morning Sun.
Those that were revived included The Manila Bulletin, further developed in 1947, Philippines Herald, Manila Chronicle, started as "The People's Newspaper" and was later bought by Eugenio Lopez in 1947 and Manila Times, re-established by the Roces family. Likewise, Ramon Roces, son of Don Alejandro, also put out Manila's first afternoon newspaper called Evening News. Furthermore, his Graphic, renamed as Kislap-Graphic, Liwayway and vernacular sister publications: Bisaya, Bannawag and Hiligaynon were also re-launched.
Martial Law
After more than three decades of free press, on September 21, 1972 upon the declaration of Martial Law, publications were once again halted from their liberal operations. Then Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. I which contained the ordinance, "to take over and control or cause the taking over and control of the mass media for the duration of the national emergency, or until otherwise ordered by the President or by his duly designated representative." Almost similar to the press' situation during the Japanese Occupation, publications were put under government supervision. Media entities were sequestered or closed down restraining their operation unless approved by the MMC / MAC agency, which was tasked to regulate them. Editors, publishers and activist-journalists were put into jail considering them as threat to the administration. It was in this period when the likes Geny Lopez, Jr., Chino Roces, Max V. Soliven, Luis Beltran, Teodoro Locsin, Jose Diokno, Benigno Aquino, Jr. and others were detained at Camp Crame.
The only periodicals that continuously existed were those owned by Marcos' cronies and relatives. These included Manila Daily Bulletin, then owned by the late Gen. Hans Menzi who was presidential aide-de-camp, The Times Journal by Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez, brother of then First Lady, Imelda Marcos, and The Daily Express by Roberto S. Benedicto, who was a family friend.
Contemporary Times
When the Marcos' administration ended because of the first PeoplePower revolt, the press was once again freed. There was an influx of periodicals which was a result ofthe repression. As forthe case of Manila Times, Ramon Roces decided to revive the paper on January 1986, registered under hisgrandson, Alfredo R.Guerrero. He also brought back La Vanguardia Publishing Co., Inc. which was for his other grandson, Ramon R. Davila. The newspaper came out February 5, 1986 with his cousin, Joaquin "Titong" R. Roces as editor-in-chief. The Manila Chronicle was re-established with publisher Joaquin "Chino" Roces and editor Amando Doronilla. The weekly, We Forum, also emerged with Jose Burgos as its publisher. Present day newspapers such as Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star, Manila Standard and even Business World were born during those times.

ANGEL MAE MARAMARA III-1
History of Journalism in the Philippines
Journalism has been a part of the Roces family. Their involvement had shifted from being mere publishers to defenders of press freedom. As we take a look in the history of journalism, we are to find out how the family became elemental in the development of the field. We areto learn how their contributions made them a significant dynasty in Philippine Print Media. Our glimpse of Philippine Journalism will be divided into seven era:
Early Years
The history of journalism in the Philippines goes back to the 16th century, the same period when England and Europe were starting on the proliferation of community newspapers. It was in the year 1637 when the "Father of Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called "Successos Felices" (Fortunate Events). The publication was written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current events.
In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came up with his Hojas Volantes or "flying sheets". It was titled "Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the Spaniards and had a role comparative to a "town crier."
Surprisingly, it took a gap of a little more than a decade before the first actual newspaper, "Del Superior Govierno," was launched by Gov. Fernandez del Forgueras on August 8, 1811. It was the so-called first regularly issued publication that reported developments about Spain and Europe. It was also the first newspaper that included in its layout the name, date and place of its publication. Unfortunately, the paper only came up with 15 issues within its years of operation from 1811 to 1832.
Period of Revolution
In February 19, 1889 La Solidaridad came out as the "mouthpiece of the revolution." It operated with its policies "to work peacefully for social and economic reforms, to expose the real plight of the Philippines and to champion liberalism and democracy." The staff of the paper was comprised of known personas like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Andres Bonifacio, Pio Valenzuela and Graciano Lopez-Jaena. The later became the founding editor until he was succeeded by del Pilar on October 31, 1889. The paper ceased publication on November 15, 1895 which was then followed by the death of its second and last editor in the early 1896.
From the reformists' newspapers, the secret society of rebels or better known as the Katipunan also came up with their own publication. They established "Ang Kalayaan" (Liberty) on January 1, 1896. It was edited by Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. Unfortunately, it only came out with one issue when a Katipunero betrayed the secrecy of the paper. Nevertheless, its existence increased the membership of the society to 30,000.
American Colonial Period
After the Spaniards' defeat from the Americans, English newspapers started to circulate. It was lead by the Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October 11, 1898. The paper was a response to the complaints of American soldiers with the lack of a good English newspaper at that time. It encountered various changes in ownership including then President Manuel L. Quezon who bought it in 1917 and sold it after four years of possession. Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before Alejandro Roces, Sr. acquired it in 1927. Roces already running the TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune) chain at that time then realized the unnecessary owning of another English paper and so he closed it down in 1930. Also sometime in 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic.
TVT then was considered the first newspaper chain in the Philippines. Its founding was one of the highlight events during the 1920s and had bestowed on Roces the titled "father of modern journalism." Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.

Japanese Occupation
With the invasion of the Japanese most publications were shut down except for the ones they used for their propaganda. DMHM was the first destroyed when Manila was bombed. It was only TVT which was left to operate however it was controlled and functioned as "solely for the benefit of the Japanese state" on October 12, 1942. The chain together with Ramon Roces' Liwayway was allowed to be published regularly but under censorship of the Japanese Imperial Army. The printing and distribution of the periodicals were transferred under Osaka Mainichi Publishing Company, established by Manila Sinbusya Corporation. The only papers that existed those times were that of TVT, Liwayway, Manila Shimbun, Shin-Seiki, Bicol Herald and Davao Nichi-Nichi, all under the control of the corporation.
With the side of the guerrillas they also came up with their own periodicals. These were typewritten or mimeographed paraphernalias on 8 ½ x 11-inch paper edited by journalists-guerillas. The publication served to empower the soldiers' and people's morale and aid as counter propaganda against the Japanese.
Post Liberation
After the atrocities of the Japanese and World War II in general, Manila was freed on February 3, 1945. At that time came a rapid proliferation of publications with most of them simply printed like flyers or in single-sheets. Manila Free Philippines became the first post-Liberation newspaper published by the US Office of War Information. The paper circulated from February - September 1945.
Some of the periodicals closed by the Japanese made comebacks but those used for propaganda one by one perished. Those that disappeared included Philippine Liberty News by Manuel F. Manahan, Manila Post edited by Abelardo Subido and wife Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido,Manila Tribune edited by Vicente Albino-Pacis and acertain Morning Sun.
Those that were revived included The Manila Bulletin, further developed in 1947, Philippines Herald, Manila Chronicle, started as "The People's Newspaper" and was later bought by Eugenio Lopez in 1947 and Manila Times, re-established by the Roces family. Likewise, Ramon Roces, son of Don Alejandro, also put out Manila's first afternoon newspaper called Evening News. Furthermore, his Graphic, renamed as Kislap-Graphic, Liwayway and vernacular sister publications: Bisaya, Bannawag and Hiligaynon were also re-launched.
Martial Law
After more than three decades of free press, on September 21, 1972 upon the declaration of Martial Law, publications were once again halted from their liberal operations. Then Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. I which contained the ordinance, "to take over and control or cause the taking over and control of the mass media for the duration of the national emergency, or until otherwise ordered by the President or by his duly designated representative." Almost similar to the press' situation during the Japanese Occupation, publications were put under government supervision. Media entities were sequestered or closed down restraining their operation unless approved by the MMC / MAC agency, which was tasked to regulate them. Editors, publishers and activist-journalists were put into jail considering them as threat to the administration. It was in this period when the likes Geny Lopez, Jr., Chino Roces, Max V. Soliven, Luis Beltran, Teodoro Locsin, Jose Diokno, Benigno Aquino, Jr. and others were detained at Camp Crame.
The only periodicals that continuously existed were those owned by Marcos' cronies and relatives. These included Manila Daily Bulletin, then owned by the late Gen. Hans Menzi who was presidential aide-de-camp, The Times Journal by Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez, brother of then First Lady, Imelda Marcos, and The Daily Express by Roberto S. Benedicto, who was a family friend.
Contemporary Times
When the Marcos' administration ended because of the first PeoplePower revolt, the press was once again freed. There was an influx of periodicals which was a result ofthe repression. As forthe case of Manila Times, Ramon Roces decided to revive the paper on January 1986, registered under hisgrandson, Alfredo R.Guerrero. He also brought back La Vanguardia Publishing Co., Inc. which was for his other grandson, Ramon R. Davila. The newspaper came out February 5, 1986 with his cousin, Joaquin "Titong" R. Roces as editor-in-chief. The Manila Chronicle was re-established with publisher Joaquin "Chino" Roces and editor Amando Doronilla. The weekly, We Forum, also emerged with Jose Burgos as its publisher. Present day newspapers such as Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star, Manila Standard and even Business World were born during those times.