...Jugular Vein: There are two jugular veins on each side of the neck, known as the external and internal jugulars. The external one lies close to the surface and carries blood from the outside parts of the head and neck to the heart.The internal one lies deeper and carries blood from the deeper tissues of the neck and from the interior of the skull. Subclavian Vein: Empties blood from the upper extremities and then carry it back to the heart. Superior Vena Cava: Is the large vein which returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs. The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the lower part of the body. Pulmonary Veins: Large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left...
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...| 12. Right Renal | 13. Right Ulnar | 14. Right Deep Femoral | 15. Right External Carotid | 16. Left Common Carotid | 17. Left Subclavian | 18. Arch of Aorta | 19. Left Axillary | 20. Thoracic Aorta | 21. Diaphragm | 22. Left Gastric | 23. Splenic | 24. Left Renal | 25. Superior Mesenteric | 26. Left Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) | 27. Inferior Mesenteric | 28. Left Common Iliac | 29. Left External Iliac | 30. Left Internal Iliac | 31. Left Femoral | 32. Left Deep Femoral | 33. Left Popliteal | 34. Left Anterior Tibial | 35. Left Posterior Tibial | 36 Left Fibular (peroneal) | 37. Left Dorsal Artery of foot (dorsalis pedis) | Review of the Veins 1. Superior Sagittal Sinus | 2. Right Internal Jugular | 3. Right External Jugular | 4. Right Subclavian | 5. Right Brachiocephalic | 6. Superior Vena Cava | 7. Right Axillary | 8. Right Cephalic | 9. Right Hepatic | 10. Right Brachials | 11. Right Median Cubital | 12. Right Basilic | 13. Right Radial | 14. Right Median Antebrachial | 15. Right Ulnar | 16. Great Cardiac | 17. Hepatic Portal | 18. Splenic | 19. Superior Mesenteric | 20. Left Renal | 21. Inferior Mesenteric | 22. Inferior Vena Cava | 23. Left Common Iliac | 24. Left Internal Iliac | 25. Left External Iliac | 26. Left Femoral | 27. Left Great Saphenous | 28. Left Popliteal | 29. Left Small Saphenous | 30. Left anterior Tibial | 31. Left Posterior Tibial | 32. Left Dorsal Venous...
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...A nurse should be able to help whenever she can. Even though she might not be doing the main part of the procedure, does not mean she should not know the basics of it and preform the aspects where she can help within his or hers scope of practice. Inserting a central venous catheter is not a nurse's job without formal training. However, it is important for a nurse to know at least the basics of it like where it goes and the correct patient position, and how he or she can assist the doctor or nurse practitioner with inserting it. "Central venous line placement is typically performed at four sites in the body: the right or left internal jugular vein (IJV), or the right or left subclavian vein (SCV). Alternatives include the external jugular...
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...CXA107 2015 CXA107 Fundamentals of Bioscience Practical and Independent Study: Circulatory Systems TO PREPARE FOR THIS PRACTICAL: Begin to familiarise yourself with the organs of the cardiovascular system by completing as many labelling exercises as possible BEFORE you attend. Your lecture notes, A&P Revealed and your Saladin textbook will be of assistance. DURING THE PRACTICAL: Use the time available in class to concentrate on becoming familiar with the structures in three dimensions on models or dissected specimens. You must be able to locate and name each structure that is in bold typeface as you will be examined on a selection of these in your anatomy practical examination at the end of the semester. Ask questions/take notes about the questions or parts of activities in italics INDEPENDENT STUDY AFTER THE PRACTICAL: Complete the questions or parts of activities in italics as part of your independent study. If you set aside 20 minutes, over a few days, for each activity you will make steady progress in developing your knowledge base. Learning Objectives: Completion of these learning activities should assist you in: Identifying the position of the heart and major vessels relative to musculoskeletal structures. Identifying internal and external features of the heart. Relating these anatomical features to the function of the heart. Identifying a selection of systemic blood vessels. References you may find helpful for your learning: ...
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...A Complete Patient Assessment Susan Eisen RN Ramapo College of New Jersey A 63 y/o African American female presents to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath worsening over the past week. Patient states she becomes severely short of breath while preforming everyday activities and has noticed that her legs have been “getting bigger”. Patient had been sleeping with 3-4 pillows a night for comfort and occasionally sleeping in a recliner. Patient states this evening she got up to use the restroom and had a sudden onset of severe shortness of breath. Felt as though she wasn’t moving any air. Patient called 911. The paramedics on scene established IV access and medicated patient with 40 of furosemide and Nitroglycerin sublingual 0.4 mg times 3 doses. Patient was placed on CPAP and brought to the ER. Upon arrival CPAP was continued, a nitroglycerin infusion was started at 20mcg/min. Additional IV access was established and labs were obtained. Stat EKG and Chest Xray were completed. Additional dose of furosemide 80mg was administered IV push and patient was provided with an indwelling foley catheter which is draining clear yellow urine. Past Medical History is significant for Hypertension, Diabetes, Congestive Heart failure, and Atrial Fibrillation with two unsuccessful cardioversions. Medications: Patient currently taking Furosemide, Lisinopril, Digoxin, ...
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...Definitions: Abductor canal: is conduit located in middle third of anterior medial side of the thigh through which blood vessels from triangle pass to enter the posterior aspect of the leg and it’s bounded by Upper opening: it’s formed by the apex of femoral triangle Lower opening: it’s formed by adductor tendinous oppeing Anterior wall: it’s formed by sartorius and Adductor lamina Lateral Wall: it’s formed by vastus medialis Posterior Wall: It’s formed by adductor longus and adductor magmus Content6s: 1. medial muscular branch of femoral nerve 2. Saphanous nerve and its anterior to the femoral 2. Femoral vein which is posterior to the femoral artery Femoral triangle: Is a triangular are located the upper one third of anteromedial region of thigh and bounded by the following borders Superior border: formed by inguinal ligament lateral boder: formed by medial border of the sartorius Medial border: formed by medial border of adductor longus. Anterior border(the roof) formed by Skin, Superficial fascia and fascia lata Poserior border( the floor): formed by adductor longus , pectinus and iliopsoas from medial to lateral Contents: 5Fs: 1-femoral Nerve, femoral artery(lateral) 3- femoral vein( intermediate) 4- femoral canal (medial). 5- femoral lymph nodes and fatty tissue. Femoral sheath: Formation: formed by the continuous part of transverse fascia and iliac fascia which enclose the upper part of the femoral vessels It’s divided into three...
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...February 1, 2014 Head and Face • Scalp: Inspection and palpation findings of no lesions, lumps, tenderness, or protrusions. • Hair: No thinning or dryness. • Cranium: Normocephalic. • Facial expression: Relaxed and a little nervous. • Symmetry: Eyes, expressions and mouth are symmetrical. • Temporomandibular joint: Palpated non tender and no clicking noted. • Maxillary sinuses: Palpated and non-tender. • Frontal sinuses: Palpated and non-tender. Eyes • Visual fields: Near vision with in normal with using a magazine about 14 inches from eyes. • Corneal light reflex: Symmetric bilaterally. • Cardinal positions of gaze: Eye movement is parallel with tracking of each eye. • External structures: Eyebrows are symmetrical, no redness, discharge, lesions or swelling. • Conjunctivae: Clear. • Sclera: Pink. • Cornea: Clear no cloudiness noted. • Iris: round, 3mm, and equal in both eyes. • Pupils: PERRLA (pupils are equal, round, react to light and accommodations. Ears • Position: Ears are symmetrical in alignment. • Skin: Intact with no lumps or lesions. • Auditory meats: No redness, or discharge observed. • Auricle: Non-tender, no redness or swelling. • Tragus: Non-tender. • Voice test: Whispered voice test patient was able to repeat the words whispered. Nose, Mouth, Throat • External nose: Non-tender, no redness or swelling. ...
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...can occur during this time these changes include rigor mortis, dehydration, Algor mortis, hypostasis, and decomposition. If more information was listed we could determine the rate of severity of decomposition due to environmental conditions, however this info is not included. The only information given is that the body was found 24-36 hours after death leaving room for rigor mortis to begin prior to discovery of the body. As an embalmer I would look for signs to determine if the body would be eligible to be viewed. Second I would begin disinfecting the body and removed any bandages, then I would begin to shave and set the facial features. I would attempt a single point injection by raising the right carotid if injection and the right jugular or drainage, I would use a strong solution beginning with a pre injection and ending with a preinjection, rectification, arterial solution. I would then continue to check the remains for and areas that have not properly be embalmed....
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...pressure within the thoracic cavity which results in movement of the fluids. The movement is also provided by the contraction of smooth muscles to assist fluids to travel through lymph trunks and ducts. Since the movement is slow in terms of the speed it travels it also means the rate of the returned lymph fluid will be equal to the rate of the fluid lost (from the bloodstream), however the speed can rise when the physical activity of your body rises which as a result causes production of tissue at faster rates from the capillaries The thoracic duct carries out the function of draining into the left subclavian vein, along with the left internal jugular vein. It carries fluid and chylomicrons which is created within the intestines through lipids. The lymphatic duct’s lymph on the right gets drained into the joint route of the right internal jugular vein as well as the right sub clavian vein ...
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...Health Assessment Physical Assessment Documentation Form Date: __3/3/16 Patient Information Patient Initials | LD | Age | 30 | Sex | Female | General Survey Does patient appear to be their stated age? | Yes | Level of consciousness | Alert and Oriented x3 | Skin color | Caucasain | Nutritional status | No malnurishment noted, pt she eats three meals a day | Posture and position | Patient maintains good posture and position | Obvious physical deformities | No physical deformities noted | Mobility: gait, use of assistive devices, ROM of joints, no involuntary movement | no problems with mobility noted, patient ambulates w/o assistance, ROM of joints intact, patient pt able to rotate feet, ankles, and arms, no Involuntary twitches or movements noted | Facial expression | No abnormal facial expressions noted, pt has nice smile | Mood and affect | patient appears to be in good spirits, patient has smile on face, pt cooperative and answers questions when prompted | Speech: articulation, pattern, content and appropriate, native language | patient speaks English appropriately, patient articulates and enunciates well, all content related to pt’s health | Hearing | patient denies hearing problems, patient able to hear and follow commands when directed | Personal hygiene | patient appears clean, no dirty skin visible, no foul smells noted | | | | | Measurements and Vital Signs Height | 5 foot...
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...Critical Appraisal Guidelines: Qualitative - Part 2 Amanda T. Creel Grand Canyon University: NRS – 433V June 9, 2013 The research article reviewed was “Ultrasound – Guided Peripheral Venous Access vs. the External Jugular Vein as the Initial Approach to the Patient with Difficult Vascular Access” by T.G. Costantino MD, J. F. Kirtz MD, and W. A. Satz MD. Intravenous (IV) access is commonly performed in the Emergency Department (ED). In patients with difficult access, physicians are frequently called upon to perform these procedures. Physicians should be familiar with both the external jugular (EJ) IV technique and the ultrasound – guided IV (USIV) peripheral access techniques. Some hospitals have specialized team of nurses that have been educated and trained on the proper way to establish an EJ IV and/or USIV. This study examined both techniques and collected data to establish which techniques was better for the patient. Protection of Human Participants Risks and Benefits Addressed by the Authors The benefit of this study was to spare the ED patient with difficult veins from having to receive a central venous line. The infection rate is higher in a central line than a peripheral IV line. The use of USIV will also decrease the number or IV attempts instead of a central line. While this decreased the actual number of IV attempts, it still had some risks. One major risk is arterial punctures. The other risks include nerve irritation and hematomas at the site of both USIV...
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...Health Assessment Physical Assessment Techniques Evaluation Form Assessment Area | Individual Items to AssessDemonstrate the correct technique for assessing the following: | Points/Points Possible | Measurement and Vital Signs | * The candidate asks the patient their weight. * The student takes the vital signs (pulse, respirations, and blood pressure). | /2 | Skin – | * Hands and nails * Color and pigmentation * Temperature * Moisture * Texture * Turgor * Any lesions | /7 | Head and Face | * Scalp, hair, cranium * Face (cranial nerve VII) * Temporal artery * Temporomandibular joint * Maxillary sinuses * Frontal sinuses | /6 | Eyes – describe in your video how you would use the ophthalmoscope to find the corneal light reflex. | * Visual fields (cranial nerve II) * Extraocular muscles (cranial nerves III, IV, VI) * Corneal light reflex * Cardinal positions of gaze * External structures * Conjunctivae * Pupils | /7 | Ears – Describe in your video how you would perform the Weber and Rinne tests for hearing. | * External ear * Any tenderness * Conduct the voice test (cranial nerve VIII) | /3 | Nose – Describe in your video how you would use a speculum to evaluate the nasal mucosa, septum and turbinates. | * External nose * Patency of nostrils | /2 | Mouth and Throat | * Lips and buccal mucosa * Teeth and gums * Tongue Hard/soft palate * Tonsils * Uvula (cranial nerves IX, X)...
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...Health Assessment Physical Assessment Documentation Form Date:__________ Patient Information Patient Initials | | Age | | Sex | | General Survey General Observations Does patient appear to be their stated age? | | Level of consciousness | | Skin color | | Nutritional status | | Posture and position | | Obvious physical deformities | | Mobility: gait, use of assistive devices, ROM of joints, no involuntary movement | | Facial expression | | Mood and affect | | Speech: articulation, pattern, content and appropriate, native language | | Hearing | | Personal hygiene | | Measurements and Vital Signs Weight | | Height | | BMI | | Radial pulse: * rate * rhythm | | Respirations: * rate * depth | | Blood pressure (indicate if sitting or lying) | | Temperature (if indicated) | | Pain assessment | | Physical Assessment Skin Hands and nails | | Color and pigmentation | | Temperature | | Moisture | | Texture | | Turgor | | Presence of lesions? | | Head and Face ScalpHairCranium | | Face (cranial nerve VII) | | Temporal artery and temporomandibular joint | | Maxillary sinuses and frontal sinuses | | Eyes Visual fields (cranial nerve II) | | Extraocular muscles, corneal light reflex, and cardinal positions of gaze (cranial nerves III, IV, VI) | | External structures | | Conjunctivae, sclerae, and corneas | | Pupils | | Describe the purpose...
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...Tuesday, January 13, 2015 BIO 262! Axial Skeleton - Quick Review! • Anatomical position! • Body planes! - Sagittal! - Frontal! - Transverse! • Directional terms! • Landmarks! - Axial—skull/thoracic cage/vertebral column! - Cephalic— head! - Cervical—neck! - Abdominal—abdomen! - Pelvic— pelvic region! - Dorsal—back! - General skeletal system! • Bone! • Cartilage! • Ligaments! • Joints! • 206 Avg. bones for adult! • Babies bone with more bones then later in life they fuse together. Approx. 270 when born.! - Function! 1 Tuesday, January 13, 2015 • Support! • Protection! • Muscle Attachment! • Reservoir for minerals—Calcium stored in bones! • House bone marrow for blood cell production! - Divisions! • Appendicular ! • Axial (80 bones)! - Skull (22)! - Associated (7)! • 6 Auditory ossicles! • Hyoid bone! - Vertebral column! - Thoracic cage! - Skull! • Facial bones (14)! - Maxilla (above the lip)! • Alveoli— sockets your teeth sit in! - Mandible (jaw bone)! • Alveoli— sockets your teeth sit in! - Nasal bones (bridge of your nose)! - Lacrimal bones (around the eyes)! - Palatine bone! - Zygomatic! - Nasal concha (3 on each side)! • Inferior (next to vomer) (facial), middle (cranial), superior (cranial)! 2 Tuesday, January 13, 2015 • Middle/superior—bone makings on ethmoid bone. (part of cranial bones)! • Cranial bones (8)! - Frontal bone (1)! - Parietal bone (2)! - Occipital (1)! - Temporal (2)! - Ethmoid— olfactory foramen, crista galli, cribriform plate! •...
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...valves which allow interstitial fluid to enter and become ‘lymph’. The lymphatic capillaries merge to become larger lymphatic vessels, into lymph trunks and then into one of two channels - the left lymphatic (thoracic) duct (which receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, and the entire body inferior to (nurselabs.com) 671233 20/03/2018 2/4 the ribs), and the right lymphatic duct (which receives lymph from the right upper body). These ducts then drain the filtered lymph back into the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins and the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins, respectively. As you can see in the above diagram, the lymph flows through lymphatic tissue which constitutes lymph nodes (over 600), lymphoid organs and MALTs (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues) which occur in mucous membranes around the body. Lymphatic tissue is a specialised form of reticular connective tissue containing high numbers of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes have the ability to release macrophages or activate the wider immune system when encountering an antigen. The lymph always flows in one direction due to a combination of valves, skeletal muscle contractions and respiratory movements. The bean-shaped lymph nodes are 1 - 25mm long, function as a filter and are positioned...
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