...Rehabilitation Nicole Grant CCJS/230 – Introduction to Corrections Instructor – David Foltzer August 25, 2013 The definition of rehabilitation as it would apply to a prisoner is “the process of restoring an individual to a useful and constructive place in society especially through some form of vocational, correctional, or therapeutic retraining”. When we speak of prisoner rehabilitation we are seeking to teach prisoners how to function as productive, law abiding citizen within society. The purpose is to provide them with educational, vocational and therapeutic services that will give them an alternative way to live that will hopefully deter them from the criminal lifestyle in the future. The origins of prisoner rehabilitation can be found at Zebulon Brockway’s Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, NY which opened in 1876. It is there that classification of inmates, industrial training, individualized treatment, parole, indeterminate sentencing and other proposed reforms where packaged into a new approach to address criminal behavior. Although the rehabilitation era didn’t happen until the mid 1950’s – mid 1970’s there was no clear cut mission as to what rehabilitation was supposed to be and what was supposed to be gained from it. Rehabilitation makes prisons a more humane and productive environment. Inmates are occupied with bettering themselves educationally, vocationally and therapeutically. There is not as much violence or criminal behavior in prison because it is cause...
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...Running Head: Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Juvenile Crime Kalah Jiggetts Criminal Justice Abstract This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles...
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...punishment for a violation of prison regulations. However, as Dana Liebelson depicts in her article, solitary confinement is detrimental to juvenile inmates. In the article, “This is What Happens When We Lock Children in Solitary Confinement”, by Dana Liebelson, she describes the horrific psychological damage solitary confinement has on youth in correctional facilities. “This is What Happens When We Lock Children in Solitary Confinement” brings to light the negative effects solitary confinement has on youth in juvenile correctional facilities. Liebelson writes about individual cases of children who have experienced isolation in correctional facilities. In each case, juveniles claimed isolation changed them for the worse. They emphasized not only the short term effects it had on their health, mind, and behavior, but also the long term effects that isolation caused as well. In one case, a seventeen year old boy named Kenny...
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...What Works with Juvenile Offenders Juvenile Offenders are categorized differently than their adult counterparts for a variety of reasons. The primary reason is that as an offender who is not yet an adult, they are still considered a protected class due to their age and the concern of disrupting their rights to council and the rights of their parents to help dictate the events in their lives. Over the past few decades there have been several studies completed correlating the quantitative analysis in primary research studies with success rates of juvenile offender treatment. Because of the repeated success of certain treatments over others, these studies have lead to an agreement on what programs and intervention strategies work and which have little to no repeated success. By analyzing these treatment strategies as they have been portrayed in academic literature and through the primary research that has been completed, a summary analysis of what plans work when dealing with juvenile offenders will be devised and put forth as the best option for treatment. The first aspect to analyze when dealing with implementing a new strategy for juvenile offender reformation and treatment plans is the idea of quality of the plan versus quantity of sessions required with all individuals in correctional institutions across the United States. In the past two decades, the numbers of individuals within the correctional systems across the United States has skyrocketed. In 2004, the jump in population...
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...Essay on Juvenile Detainees - The Duties of ... essayonhistory.blogspot.com/.../essay-on-juvenile-detainees-duties-of.ht... Sep 21, 2011 - Essay on Juvenile Detainees - The Duties of Juvenile Corrections Officials ... Juvenile corrections officials must always be reminded that there ... Design a Juvenile Correctional Facility - College Essay - Kitsang www.studymode.com › Essays › Computers & Internet Design a Juvenile Correctional Facility Building a juvenile facility is not an easy job. Juvenile facility is a place for youth criminals who have committed some type ... Adult vs Juvenile Corrections - Essays - Koochar - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com › Essays › Education › Correctional Read this essay and over 1200000 others like it now. Don't miss your chance to earn better grades and be a better writer! Juvenile Corrections - College Essay - Gpardue26 - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com › Essays › Education › Correctional Juvenile Corrections | The History, Recidivism Rates, and What Works | | Gina Pardue | Corrections - SPEA J331Dr. Robert Ramsey | 12/12/2012 | | Definition of ... Juvenile Justice Process And Corrections Free Essays 1 - 20 www.studymode.com/.../juvenile-justice-process-and-corrections-page1.... 20+ items - Free Essays on Juvenile Justice Process And Corrections for ... Systems CJA/374 Juvenile Justice Process and Corrections In Henderson NV ... following release from a juvenile correctional facility. In this paper we will ... Juvenile Process...
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...accreditation is a system of verification that correctional agencies/facilities comply with national standards promulgated by the American Correctional Association. Accreditation is achieved through a series of reviews, evaluations, audits and hearings (ACA.org, n. d.). According to the American Correctional Association (n. d.) in order for a correctional facility to be eligible for accreditation they must hold convicted adults or juveniles adjudicated delinquent, pretrial or presentenced adults or juveniles, and/or adult or juveniles offenders sentenced to community supervision. It officially began in 1978, and today it is jointly administrated by the American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Commission on Accreditation in Corrections (CAC). The accreditation program offers public and private organizations performing correctional functions the opportunity to evaluate their operations against national standards, to remedy deficiencies, and to upgrade the quality of correctional programs and services (Foster, 2006). Foster (2006) stated “professionalization has to do with gaining professional status for persons working in corrections” (p.176). The professional development of corrections officers is truly affected by the corrections accreditation. They work toward obedience within the standards that represent professional practices. There are millions of people who work in the jail and prisons system for adults and juveniles. Some of those public employees work in non-secure...
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...Assessment Analysis The name of the article is Performance Assessment in Juvenile Correction Education Program. It was published on March 2002 by the Journal of Correctional Education, written by Sheryl Feinstein, an Associate Professor at Augustana College in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The study was conducted to explore and describe the impact of performance assessments, on students on an adjudicated status. These assessments were administered in correctional facilities by a social studies teacher and a math teacher. In identifying the problem, the basic question asked in the study was if students in correctional facilities were capable of succeeding at performance assessments. According to this article, there is a relationship between education and re-imprisonment of offenders. It appears that more serious offenses are committed by individuals with lesser basic skills such as phonics, spelling and math. In addition the study looks into the need for the ability to cope and resolve problems in the outside world. The performance assessment utilized in the study, focused on the areas of geography and math. Sample and qualitative methods were used in the study. The sample group encompassed 20 incarcerated students ranging in ages from 12 to 18 years of age. In addition, they used observation and interviews containing 10 open-ended questions. Depending on their response, the juveniles were asked follow up questions. This type of approach could hinder the results as...
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...Lanier 06/13/2013 Juvenile justice in Virginia is based on the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, which was passed in 1974 by US Congress. It stated that all states should provide the best rehabilitation for people who are too young to bear criminal responsibility for their actions (US Dept. of Justice, 1974). The Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice has a set values statement, which determines the attitude to juveniles in criminal justice and respectful treatment provided by law enforcement officers to them. Juveniles in criminal justice are Virginia are treated as a specific group and have extended rights compared to adult offenders. Juveniles have their correctional centers and detention facilities, but the maximum sentence there cannot be too long because Virginia has not enough bed spaces to detain all juveniles who have problems with the law. The values of knowledge, respect and effective communication are realized in addressing juvenile cases in the court. Juvenile court is represented by Juvenile and Domestic Relations District courts in Virginia. However, there are certain cases when juvenile offenders can be tried in criminal court. According to Powers (2009), previously juvenile cases were heard in juvenile courts only. It was extremely difficult to transfer the case of juvenile offender (even the most violent) to the adult court. The latest US tendencies show that all...
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...Name Teacher Juvenile Justice 113 I1 Date History of Juvenile Correction Philosophies and Facilities To talk of the history of juvenile correction philosophies and different juvenile correction facilities, one should understand a brief juvenile justice history to bring us to a point where a correction philosophy or correction facility would be needed. Dealing with juveniles in criminal matters can be traced back as far as the beginning of time. However, early Europe in the fifth century A.D. is where we will start. What is considered a juvenile??? At this time in history the age was fixed at seven for determining whether youths would be exempted from criminal responsibility. With the onset of puberty, at the age of twelve for girls and fourteen for boys, youths were held totally responsibility for their socially unacceptable behaviors. English juvenile justice had some 160 to 200 capital offenses statutes listed for which children could be executed. In London in 1785 eighteen of twenty juveniles were executed. Executions of juveniles continued into the 1800s. (Bartollas, Miller, 2014, p. 4) Here in the United States during the colonial period juvenile justice was shaped by the culture and religious ideas of the Puritans. The family was expected to control their children and when juveniles were caught breaking laws they were sent back to their families for punishment. Of course the older the child got the greater the chances the juveniles would be dealt with by colonial...
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...Chapter 1 1. Juvenile delinquency is the violation of a criminal law by persons under the age of 18 in most states. 2. Society views adult and juvenile offenders in many different ways such as the idea that juveniles are people that are in need of guidance because of their lack of maturity and cannot distinguish the difference between “right and wrong”. However, older offenders are expected to have this ability based off of their “experience” in life therefore deserving of punishment. 3. Juveniles are said to be immature because they lack the experience of having lived life and that they may not have understood or appreciated the harm that their actions have caused others. The immaturity is also said to have biological data that supports the argument that juveniles are immature, though there is no exact age in which a person has reached full maturity, “brain circuitry for pleasure and sensation develops rapidly during adolescences while the brain circuitry responsible for behavioral control and inhibition lags behind.” (5) 4. The major differences in the way that society treats juvenile offenders and adult offenders include the idea that juveniles are in need of guidance rather than punishment for their actions. On the other hand, adult offenders are punished for their actions. Society believes that adults were capable of distinguishing between right and wrong when they were committing an offense. 5. Status offenses are acts that are committed by juveniles that would...
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...Verbal Communication Paper Brook B Benningfield University of Phoenix Axia College CJA/304 Barry Preston Verbal Communication Paper Verbal and non-verbal communication in the criminal justice field is tremendous. The criminal process always begins with the arrest of a suspected person. All communication from the arresting officer, prosecutors, defendants, and the judge will have an impact on a the criminal justice process. Communication, verbal and non verbal, is absolutely detrimental to all branches of the criminal justice system. Cultural and language differences are a common reason for miscommunication. When communicating with people in different cultures, a person should be extremely aware of the hand gestures and non-verbal communication tools they are using. Many of the hand gestures used in the United States that mean “good” things, mean offensive and profane things to other cultures. Proper and effective communication skills are a crucial part of a police officers job. Public announcements and updates on criminal activity must be completely accurate and kept to a “need to know” format. A police officer must know how to release just enough information to satisfy the public, yet not jeopardize the an investigation. Dr George Thompson, a former police officers and English teacher, developed a form of communication called tactical verbal communication. Tactical verbal communication allows officers to reduce potentially hostile situations with their...
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...Should people less than eighteen years old (minors/juveniles/adolescents) ever be tried and sentenced as adults? The legislation of trying and sentencing youth criminals under adult justice system has been a hot topic of debate. Supporters of tough laws on insist the need to enforce harsh penalties to uphold justice. The practice of treating youth criminals as adults since the 1990s is a result of the steep rise in youth crimes. However, youth advocates argue that tough laws should not be applied to youth offenders anymore. The core issue of the controversy is whether, because adolescents are biologically and mentally different from adults, they should be treated differently. For minor offenses such as property crime in which nobody is killed, it is understandable that harsh punishments are not necessary. But there need to be tougher penalties for severe crimes that threaten and take others’ lives. Hence, juveniles under eighteen years old who commit violent crimes such as murder and rape should be tried and sentenced as adults in order to punish them for their mistakes, to lower the crime rates and to protect the society. Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor from Temple University, describes the adolescent brain as “a car with powerful gas pedal and weak brakes” (cited in Hansen, 2010, p.123). This is a good illustration of the fact that humans’ psychosocial abilities do not develop fully before reaching adulthood as cognitive abilities do. A series of experiments studying...
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...Plan to Improve Correctional Facilities Patricia Saylor Dexter Levin Corrections November 10, 2013 In general, rehabilitation programs have been effective in reducing recidivism among prison convicts since they are mostly focused on treating the criminal causing behavior of prisoners by eliminating completely the factors or circumstances that drive them to commit criminal acts. Criminologists such as Martinson who conducted research on the effectiveness of rehabilitative programs such as educational, community based and transcendental programs noted that rehabilitative programs had a higher efficacy when they were oriented towards providing treatment to prison convicts so as to reduce recidivism. Martinson noted that both the educational and transcendental rehabilitative programs were designed to provide prisoners with life skills that they could use to manage their criminal causing behavior as well as equip them with technical skills that would improve the quality of their lives (Prison conditions, 2013). Rehabilitative programs that are focused on the principles of effective intervention are able to target the known factors of recidivism thereby necessitating change and also enabling the incorporation of cognitive or behavioral treatments to reinforce the behavior of the criminal offender by eliminating criminal thinking patterns. Principles of effective intervention ensure that rehabilitative programs are able to take into account the various characteristics of offenders...
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...The English correctional facility referred to as a “gaol,” commonly known as a jail. They housed men, women, children, the mentally ill along with the civil and criminals. The individuals suffered from idleness, diseases, despair and malnutrition. The gaols were maintained by local authorities, classification did not exist, and the purpose of gaol was to detain or hold people for court (Foster, 2003). The “Department of Corrections,” houses all adult felons throughout the state. The adult felons include those on probation as well as on parole, including juveniles who are on a work release program, in halfway house facilities, group homes, training schools, or from a special facility. The state operates jails and juvenile detention facilities holding pretrial prisoners in smaller populations and promotes “Community Corrections Act.” This approach combines state, local and private correctional agencies with a non-secure correction service. History of federal prison, (describe and analyze both systems) Prisons today are maximum security prisons. Federal prisons confining individuals convicted of a federal offense such as drug smuggling across state lines or non-payment of taxes. These prisons are operated [Passive voice] by the Department of Justice and within the system are layers of correctional institutions for gender segregation and sentencing classification. For example penitentiaries are for male inmates with long-term sentences; low security - correctional institutions...
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...have days where they see unique situations. As for the officials, it is every day that they see new situations. There are many different correction officials that work together in a facility. “There are many different positions that make up the complement of prison staff” (Seiter, 2008). For each of the officials that are involved with these facilities. Every correction official and police officer will always be at risk and it is a risky job to have. Correction officials have to deal with riots, medical problems with inmates, keeping other inmates and other officials safe. There are many problems that an official is faced with. There are many officials who have to check all the mail that comes into the facility for the inmates to make sure that the mail does not contain any type of drugs or contraband. It has been known for drugs and contraband to get into facilities through mail and other ways. With juveniles, drugs are a huge issue that correction officials have to deal with. Many correction officials have found that the use of weapons is a big concern. Many inmates will find ways to make some type of weapon for safety or to hurt other inmates and possibly hurt the correction officials.” Every year, correctional officers are injured in confrontations with inmates. Correctional officers and jailers have one...
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