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Introduction
United States in 1950
The year, 1850 is a very significant era in the history of United States being the pre civil war era. The north was undergoing huge developments and progress and people were immigrating to big cities. The southern region is a total contrary example, with a total of 3.2 million black slaves. The region was not developing due to total dependence and cotton production, rather than, industrialization. The era presents two entirely different regions in the same region leading to the civil war in the end. Contrary to north, southern region had feudal society and prevalence of slavery. There were extremely rich, each with enslaved people. The difference was escalating between both regions, and people belonging to those regions they identified themselves as different people. The difference led to the Civil war in the end.
Kansan is 1850’s
The state of Kansas possesses a central place in civil war history, as well as, the pre civil war era. Before the beginning of civil war, Kansas was undergoing fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups. The tension was centered to address the notion, whether Kansas would be regarded as slave or a Free State territory or a slave state territory Negros (Kleppnerr, p. 300-316). The issue was to maintain peace between Abolitionists and slave holders. The slavery and its opposing groups initiated war on Kansas border in 1850, which is known as ‘the border war’. Since, the government decided to shift a huge number of Native Americans to Kansas, the decision was made due to Kansas geographic location to Indian Territory. The people of Kansas were condemning it, and see slavery as a justified conduct on Part of democratic United States. They were stringent towards the slavery, as they believed Kansas was being made of to the Negros (Kleppnerr, p. 300-316).
The paper discusses the culture of Kansas in decade if fifties. It also discusses how people percept slavery in Kansas by that time. It also studies their behavior towards the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1954. It studies the confrontations in Kansan, and after effects on the United States. The paper looks into the response of Kansas locals about the act, as well as, effect of their response. It analyses the distance between north and south. It discusses the inter relationship between people, ideas and the consequent events pertaining to them. It describes the violent behavior of people towards the act, along with its reasons. The paper closes with discussing the contribution of David Atchison, Sara Robinson, John Brown and Abraham Lincoln.
Discussion
Kansas in 1850s, and its effects on the United States
The Kansas of 1850s made a historic change in the history of United States. The huge cultivable farmland made government to reconsider shifting and immigration of Native Americans to the Kansas state (Whitney, P. 20-37). The reactions of local emerged as confrontations of proslavery units, as well as, the prevailing anti slavery units. The reactions led to regional conflicts and the border war. The bleeding war of Kansas emerged as accumulation of local reaction and their opposition by enslaved groups (Rawley, p. 135-170).
The bleeding Kansas and the Kansas-Nebraska act led United States to the civil war at its border. The Vital role was played by implementation of Kansas-Nebraska act which enforced the separation of Kansas and Nebraska, with regard to, opening new areas of Kansas to settle Native Americans (Whitney, p. 20-37). However, Kansas was admitted as the free state to the United States union, after witnessing the Bleeding War, the roots were still prevailing which led to civil war.
The culture of Kansan in 1850s
In the mid of 19th century, Kansas was in dilemma of either not accommodating the Native settles or opposing the slavery. The cultural status of Kansas led to the foundation of the Republican Party to fight against the spread of slavery to the Free states. Kansas was amongst the progressive United States, and therefore less willing to accept the immigrants from remote, illiterate and unprogressive southern region, despite of having vast inhabited areas of land. The interaction of two classes, being the citizens belonging to same country interacted with each other. The miss match between the two triggered the state of contempt of Kansas locals towards the enslaved class. They believed their slavery is quite justified after struggling with crudeness of the immigrants for decades. The two classes, residing on same land were in a silent conflict which resulted into frequent confrontations. Midwest was progressing with diverse groups of Americans inhabiting the region. They were educated and modern belonging to the progressive American population. The people often went through clashes of culture and black were often pitted, victimized of racial treatment. This led Kansas to the state of Guerilla Warfare in two decades. The diverse and educated locals were now more concerned about the settlement of immigrants which were totally opposite and backward. The cultural clashes deepened the conflict, resulting in confrontations and wars in the end.
People perception in Kansas regarding the slavery
The allowance of slavery was most disrupting factor to the locals of Kansas. They were not willing to appear as a slave state over the American map. As the entire America, was undergoing progress and development, they were apparently worried and threatened by the freedom of black, after the constitution of 1777. The excessive immigration of the black into Kansas territory for two consecutive decades was forcing the governing authorities to reconsider the existence of Kansas as a free state or a slave state in the state union.
The white inhabitants of Kansas were united as a single identity under their color, irrespective of their differences their color was the fundamental unifying force. They were opposing the idea of making Kansas a slave state. There were huge disruptions taking place between the two, everything was divided between the enslaved and pro-slavery, rather than, the Americans. They were largely worried about the growing number of Black immigrants into Kansas, which raised the probability of Kansas to be admitted to slave states in the union.
The Kansas-Nebraska act
The Kansas Nebraska Act was an act passed in the year 1854, during the pro-slavery and anti-slavery confrontations taking place in Kansas. The act enforced the division of Kansas territory into Kansas and Nebraska, in order, to open new lands for cultivation of the immigrants. It also encompassed the foundation of a transcontinental railroad in the Midwest that connects the North and the South. The act aroused huge disruption and anger in the northern states, as well as, the Midwest America (Lee, R. et al, p. 180-195). It had popular sovereignty as the decisive criterion, whereas, a huge number of blacks were already across Missourian border after the compromise of 1920. Therefore, locals were scared of the admission of Kansas into slave states, and therefore, the huge differences in social, cultural and economic policies form the democratic government of the United States.
Reactions towards Kansas-Nebraska act
The act created a partition of Kansan and Nebraska, that is, Kansas was divided into south of the 40th parallel and the north of the 40th parallel (Joann & Wunder, p.1-12). The most confrontational facet of the act pertained to the freedom of both territories to decide their future freedom or slavery according to their popular majority. The reactions were violent and intense from the Whites of Kansas, described as under; * Growth in hostilities: the supporters of slavery moved to Kansas. They wanted to influence the elections and escalate votes in order to get popular majority. They were termed as ‘border ruffians’. The free movement towards Missourian border deepened the clash and aroused violent eruptions between people who advocated the rights of black and people who supported that the territory belongs to White Americans (Joann & Wunder, p.1-12). * Constitutional referendum: immediately, as an initiative to stop growing eruptions in the society, legislature proposed a state constitution that asked for referendum. Both the referendums offered by constitution did not make slavery illegal but rather asked about the act. However, the dwellers of free soil went against the referendum and conducted their own referendum in favor of Free State (Joann & Wunder, p.1-12).
The result of the Kansas-Nebraska act
The result deepened violent enmity between the races, rather dividing north and south on a much stronger basis. It provided further disruption of both the American classes towards each other and led the nation on the verge of civil war. It rejected the compromise of 1820, and marked the birth of Republican Party which advocated a Free State Union (Rawley, 135-150). The pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces were already erupted, engaging in confrontations over issues such as towns, land, and water and so on. The usual episodes of conflict grew violence and hatred. The conflicts led to the most furious event in the history of Kansas before the Civil War known as, ‘the bleeding Kansas’. Events resulting from Kansas-Nebraska act * The bleeding Kansas: due to immense repulsion between the two forces, that is, the pro-slavery forces and the anti-slavery forces, the confrontations between both the groups became very often. The American law and order was under process, yet was not, as strong as it has been in the twentieth century (Reece R, p. 34-55). Therefore, the movement of black people into the border of Missouri and no established law against such free movement. Therefore, a civil war erupted between the people of the north and people of south pertaining to the status of slavery and the rights of the enslaved in the United States. * The deepening distance between northerners and southerners: The act de marked an ever prevailing distance and contempt between the northerners and the southerners both questioning for their fundamental rights from the state. The White people were questioning the demolishment of their American title and identity, whereas the black people questioning about their due respect from the state (Adams, N. p. 30-69).
Leading figures
David Atchison
He was a democratic United States century in the med 19th century. He was from Missouri. He recruited the guard men of the state during the civil war and served as a soldier. In September 1861, he was leading 3500 guard men of the state across Missouri river and defeated the troops of Union. He rallied southerners who were rushing towards the territory of Kansas.
Sara Robinson
She is an eminent writer and historian from the United States. She was the first lady of Kansas, and later chosen as first Governor of Kansas. She made an enormous contribution to the rights of slaves by the detailed analysis of political, cultural and social settlement of southerners in the Kansas in her book ‘Kansas, its interior and exterior’.
John Brown
He was respondent to those who rose voice against the prevailing slavery. He was a white American who reacted violently and fought in the way of anti-slavery. He killed many pro-slavery people and sentenced to death in the end
Abraham Lincoln
He was the 16th president of America, and a renowned figure. In 1854, he made opposition to slavery in his “Peoria Speech”. He strongly condemned slavery and express his hatred towards slavery. He termed slavery as ‘the monstrous injustice’.
Conclusion
The Midwest culture in 1850 was progressive and developing whereas, the south was backward. South had a feudal society whereas, Midwest fell amongst the Democratic America. Since Midwest had white people as their population, they were not ready to admit black people in their states and supported the Free State over anti slavery state.
After the withdrawal of 1820 compromise large number of people started to move to Kansas, so much so, that the locals were threatened of their identity and state existence as a Free State. The Kansas-Nebraska act further strengthened the confrontations which led to the civil war.
The paper discusses the culture of Kansas and reaction towards the slavery. It analyses the back ground, foreground and their perceptions about it. It discusses how conflict led to the event of bleeding Kansas which led to the civil war.

References
Kleppner, P., “the cross of culture”, Anon, (1970), p. 300-316
Whitney, C.W. “Kansas city, Missouri”, S.J. Clarke Publishing Co, (1908), p. 20-37
Lee, R. et al, “the American Midwest, An interpretive encyclopedia”, Indiana University Press, (2007), p-180-195
Rawley, A. J. “Race and politics”, first Bison book printing, (1979), p. 135-170
Reece, R. “Bleeding Kansas”, ABDO publishing Co, (2012), p. 34-55
Joann M. R. & Wunder, R. J. “The Kansas-nebreska act of 1854” ,(2008), p. 1-12
Adams, N. “the southside view of slavery”, (2007), T. R. Mravin, p. 30-69