...Corey Kirkland HIS 350L Bruce Hunt 12/11/13 Sports, Media, and the Fans: The Business of Selling Sports The relationship between sports and the media has evolved drastically thanks in part to the proliferation of electricity and its resulting technology. This relationship has now become the “defining commercial and cultural connection for both industries at the beginning of the 21st century. The media has transformed sports from an amateur pursuit into a hyper-commercialized industry, while sports have delivered massive audiences and advertising revenues to the media.”1 This symbiotic relationship has taken many shapes throughout the years, and each evolution in sports broadcasting has the intent of constructing larger audiences and markets to create higher revenues no matter the medium. In the long run, the only real loser in the sports broadcasting realm is the obsolete medium. As technology has evolved, the way in which sports have been presented has followed suit. “Over the course of the twentieth-century sport was transformed from a typically ad hoc unregulated amateur activity to one driven by professional standards and accountability at all levels.”2 This change came slowly at first, and has advanced rapidly over the past few decades. Now, due in part to advanced broadcasting techniques, watching live events and highlights of the day’s games can be brought to our fingertips with relative ease. Sports Coverage Before the Radio Before the broadcasting...
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...MASS COMMUNICATION: NEWS WRITING The development and evolution of our society demands the need for immediate and updated information to spread quickly within the community. For centuries, the news played a very important role in our daily lives. Whether it is a report on the latest matches score between our favorite football teams, weather forecast, information on election campaigns, or news on the recent death of a well-known celebrity, we always come back for more. Nevertheless, from the traditional role of messengers to recent digital age, the principle of news still remains the same;- providing the masses with the latest and current events of today’s world, be it through printed newspaper, broadcast, internet or oral messaging (word-of-mouth). Spreading news is without doubt one of the oldest human activities ever exist. Before the invention of newspaper in the early age, authorities appointed third-party messengers to bring word, spreading news and updated information. Some of these messengers traveled nearly thousand miles to deliver the news to the receivers. Most of the times, there were related to diplomatic, economic and political issues. After a well-formed country was established, only then the people started to exchange updated news among them in a larger scale than before. Before writing became a common skill to master, human beings spread news by word of mouth on crossroads, at alleys or markets. The messengers came back from battlefields to their homeland only...
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...The History, Strategies and Future of Legacy Media Today when we think of way to entertainment ourselves we think of either the Radio or Television. When we think of the Radio we think of our favorite songs or those repetitive, irritating, boring yet interesting and amusing talk shows in between mixes. What we do not consider is; where did this entertainment come from? How it actually produces sound? How does it exist or even who brought it into existence? We utilize television for most of our entertainment as well and the same applies. We never question how Television came along, how the picture is projected? How we’re able to see the images in color and so forth. All we care for is celebrity reality shows, amazing food networks and live Sports. The history of these legacy media consists of time, trial and error. Legacy Media as a whole has made a larger impact on the world than actual world issues. Legacy Media today is the money, power and even the respect in all parts of the Earth. It first began in the late 1800s, when Heinrich Hertz detects and produces radio waves. Radio being the first device to allow mass communication: with hopes of being able to communicate wirelessly. Wireless telegraphy, electric telegraphy that does not have wires connecting the endpoints; systems which communicate with radio waves. In 1894, Nobel Prize-winning physicist and inventor Guglielmo Marconi builds his first radio equipment that would ring a bell 30 feet away. Breaking all barriers...
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...History Creating ABC From the organization of the first true radio networks in the late 1920s, broadcasting in the United States was dominated by two companies, CBS and RCA's NBC. Before NBC's 1926 formation, RCA had acquired AT&T Corporation's New York City station WEAF (later WNBC, now CBS-owned WFAN). With WEAF came a loosely organized system feeding programming to other stations in the northeastern U.S. RCA, before the acquisition of the WEAF group in mid-1926, had previously owned a second such group, with WJZ in Newark as the lead station (purchased by RCA in 1923 from Westinghouse) . These were the foundations of RCA's two programming services, the NBC "Red" and NBC "Blue" networks. Legend has it that the color designations originated from the color of the push-pins early engineers used to designate affiliates of WEAF (red pins) and WJZ (blue pins). After a three-year investigation, the FCC in May 1940 issued a "Report on Chain Broadcasting." Finding that NBC Red, NBC Blue, CBS, and MBS dominated American broadcasting, this report proposed "divorcement", requiring the sale by RCA of one of its chains. NBC Red was the larger radio network, carrying the leading entertainment and music programs. In addition, many Red affiliates were high-powered, clear-channel stations, heard nationwide. NBC Blue offered most of the company's news and cultural programs, many of them "sustaining" or unsponsored. Among other findings, the FCC claimed RCA used NBC Blue to suppress competition...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...The Wealth of Networks The Wealth of Networks How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Yochai Benkler Yale University Press New Haven and London Copyright _ 2006 by Yochai Benkler. All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. The author has made an online version of the book available under a Creative Commons Noncommercial Sharealike license; it can be accessed through the author’s website at http://www.benkler.org. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Benkler, Yochai. The wealth of networks : how social production transforms markets and freedom / Yochai Benkler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-300-11056-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-300-11056-1 (alk. paper) 1. Information society. 2. Information networks. 3. Computer networks—Social aspects. 4. Computer networks—Economic aspects. I. Title. HM851.B457 2006 303.48'33—dc22 2005028316 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1...
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