...David Stauth and Stuart WolpertJuly 01, 2010Category: Research Illustration of sabertooth cat fighting with woolly mammoth. (Credit: Mauricio Anton, courtesy of Oregon State University) The extinction of woolly mammoths and other large mammals more than 10,000 years ago may be explained by the same type of cascade of ecosystem disruption that is being caused today by the global decline of predators such as wolves, cougars and sharks, life scientists report July 1 in the cover article of the journal Bioscience. Then, as now, the cascading events were originally begun by human disruption of ecosystems, a new study concludes, but around 15,000 years ago the problem was not the loss of a key predator, but the addition of one — human hunters with spears. This mass extinction was caused by newly arrived humans tipping the balance of power and competing with major predators such as sabertooth cats, the authors of the new analysis argue. An equilibrium that had survived for thousands of years was disrupted, perhaps explaining the loss of two-thirds of North America's large mammals during this period. "We suggest that the arrival of humans to North America triggered a trophic cascade in which competition for the largest prey was intensified, ultimately causing the large non-human carnivores to decimate the large herbivores," said Blaire Van Valkenburgh, UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and a co-author on the paper. "When human hunters arrived on the scene, they provided...
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...distance to coastline etc.) using a weighted overlay where the weights are proportional to importance (Nath et al., 2000). This is useful as it allows the assessment of the spatial variability of the environmental, biological, and socioeconomic specifications relevant to marine aquaculture including consideration of the different levels of importance amongst parameters and providing a qualitative and quantitative output that is useful and easy to understand for decision makers. Various research studies have been conducted in order to select suitable sites for marine aquaculture. Some of these studies include identifying suitable sites for coastal aquaculture in Camas Bruaich Ruaidhe, Mexico (Ross et al., 1993), selecting Margarita...
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...margins on all pages, left justified. Indent first line of paragraphs 5 spaces. Do not use extra double spacing between paragraphs. Header The header must be second and all pages following, including the reference list. The header consists of an abbreviated title and the page number. Header must be ½” from the top of the page and 1” from the right edge of the page. Title Page Contains the following information, centered on the page, double spaced • Running Head with abbreviated title and page number • Full Title • Writer • Instructor • Course • Date 2 PARTS TO APA STYLE 1. IN-TEXT CITATION Placed in parentheses within the text of the paper to document source of information 2. REFERENCES PAGE List of sources cited in paper IN-TEXT CITATION Direct Quote – using exact words of a source • Use quotation marks “ “ • Include page # or paragraph # Book, Magazine, Journal article: (author’s last name, publication date, p. #) Ex: (Smith, 2002, p. 12). Webpage article w/author: (author, copyright OR last update, para. #) Ex: (Jones, 2004, para. 3). Webpage article with NO author: (“shortened article title”, copyright OR last update, para. #) Ex: (“Pizzas”, 2003, para. 4). Paraphrase – restating a source in your own words • No quotation marks used • No page or paragraph # ...
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...bottom, right and left margins on all pages, left justified. Indent first line of paragraphs 5 spaces. Do not use extra double spacing between paragraphs. Header The header must be on all pages, including the title page and reference list. The header consists of an abbreviated title and the page number. Header must be ½” from the top of the page and 1” from the right edge of the page. Title Page Contains the following information, centered on the page, double spaced • Header with abbreviated title and page number • Full Title • Writer • Instructor • Course • Date 2 PARTS TO APA STYLE 1. IN-TEXT CITATION Placed in parentheses within the text of the paper to document source of information 2. REFERENCES PAGE List of sources cited in paper IN-TEXT CITATION Direct Quote – using exact words of a source • Use quotation marks “ “ • Include page # or paragraph # Book, Magazine, Journal article: (author’s last name, publication date, p. #) Ex: (Smith, 2002, p. 12). Webpage article w/author: (author, copyright OR last update, para. #) Ex: (Jones, 2004, para. 3). Webpage article with NO author: (“shortened article title”, copyright OR last update, para. #) Ex: (“Pizzas”, 2003, para. 4). Paraphrase – restating a source in your own words • No quotation marks used • No page or paragraph # Book, Magazine...
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...Research Paper Mech 333 Why Women Say “They Still Can’t Have It All” The Struggles of Working Mothers in Today’s Society Abstract Today’s society and economy is structured in a way that does not allow women to easily maintain a balance between being a professional and being a mother. Although there has been a constant rise of women entering the workplace as professionals, the economy and society still does not recognize that these professional women are also mothers. Many companies also believe that women are not suitable for executive jobs either. Young women of today, who plan on having a career as well as a family, accept that they will eventually have to make sacrifices in their career rather than their husband. This has led women to believe and say that “They Can’t Have it All”. The main reasons why women end up saying “They Can’t have it All” is due to factors such as unequal share of roles, an improper work-life balance, lack of flexibility, gender inequality and the lack of women executives and/or leaders in today’s society. In order for all of this to improve and to allow women “to have it all”, flexibility must be implemented into the workplace. Women should also assert equal housework in their home with their significant other. These two reasons alone can allow for more women to advance in the work place while still being a mother. This will help encourage and inspire young women to pursue executive, leading roles...
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... 10 Tables and Figures 10 CHAPTER 2 SUPPORTING DOCUENTATION FOR ACADEMIC PAPERS 13 In–Text Citation 13 Direct Quotations 14 Works with no Author or with an Anonymous Author 15 Work by Two Authors 16 Work by Multiple Authors, five or more 16 Paraphrasing 17 Do Not Plagiarize 18 Using Block Quotations 19 Reference List: Basic Rules 20 References within the Reference List 20 Reference Examples for Periodicals 20 Reference Examples for Non-Periodicals 21 Electronic Sources 22 Examples for Internet Sources 22 Miscellaneous Sources 24 CHAPTER 3 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 26 APA Writing Style Quick Reference Introduction This writing-style handbook is intended to provide basic examples of APA style, modeled after the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010). The intent is not to provide detailed instructions relative to every question that may arise. The quick reference is to help students become familiar with the APA style of writing academic papers in a university setting. The key is getting students to not fear writing assignments. Writing is like reading. Students need a lot of practice to help them master the skill. Chapter 1 BASIC FORM AND APPEARANCE Setting up the paper: Margins Set up all...
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...Human Impact on Puget Sound The Puget Sound runs along the northeastern coast of Washington state. It is made up of a mixed estuarine environment and complex waterways (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Fishing is a main industry in the Puget Sound area. It accounts for more than $100 million in the state of Washington’s economy (Radtke, 2011). Fisheries are the study of the ecology of fish in a given environment. In oceanography it is defined as ecological organization of a biome, community, population, or species (Govoni, 2005). There are many different sectors of fisheries to study. For example, abundance and distribution of different fishes, human impact, and the study of the physical processes are difference sectors. This paper will focus on human impacts on commonly fished populations in the Puget Sound. Human impact includes climate change, ocean acidification, eutrophication, development of coastal areas, and commercial, traditional, recreational, and farm fishing. Some critical types of fishes for any harvestable and healthy marine ecosystem are predator, forage, demersal, and farmed fish. Approximately 67% of the population of Washington State lives on Puget Sound’s coast. Washington’s Office of Financial Management states that by 2020, 5.1 million people will live and work in the Puget Sound region. This volume of people will further urbanize the Puget Sound coastlines. This poses environmental challenges. Of the sound’s 2,500 miles of shoreline 750 miles...
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...Health benefits of Mangoes * Mango fruit is rich in pre-biotic dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and poly-phenolic flavonoid antioxidant compounds. * According to new research study, mango fruit has been found to protect against colon, breast, leukemia and prostate cancers. Several trial studies suggest that polyphenolic anti-oxidant compounds in mango are known to offer protection against breast and colon cancers. * Mango fruit is an excellent source of Vitamin-A and flavonoids like beta-carotene, alpha-carotene,and beta-cryptoxanthin. 100 g of fresh fruit provides 765 mg or 25% of recommended daily levels of vitamin A. Together; these compounds are known to have antioxidant properties and are essential for vision. Vitamin A is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin. Consumption of natural fruits rich in carotenes is known to protect the body from lung and oral cavity cancers. * Fresh mango is a good source of potassium. 100 g fruit provides 156 mg of potassium while just 2 mg of sodium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. * It is also a very good source of vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin-C and vitamin-E. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals. Vitamin B-6 or pyridoxine is required for GABA hormone production within the brain. It also controls homocystiene...
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...Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes from indigenous tree legumes (Colophospermum mopane) and screening for their potential to produce plant growth hormones. HIT 400 Project Proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Hons) Degree in Biotechnology To Biotechnology Department School of Industrial Sciences and Technology Harare Institute of Technology (HIT) By Edinah Tembo` H1210549T Under the supervision of Mrs P.D Chiunzi 1.0 Introduction The status quo of Zimbabwe’s agriculture seeks to increase productivity along with a long term maintenance of a sustained yield. This aim however, can only be successfully achieved if there is a sufficient supply of plant growth hormones to the plants. Due to the market globalization, the exporting of the agricultural products is rapidly rising hence a need to meet the export demand. Zimbabwe has an abundant variety of indigenous tree legumes, unfortunately scientific taxonomic knowledge of the inhabiting endophytic species is limited and more has to be done to catch up with the rest of the world . The performance of the Zimbabwean economy has always been historically dependent and anchored on the production of the primary sector that is mining and agriculture. Although unpredictable rains continue to adversely affect the sector, the 2000 land reform programme made significant strides in employment creation and improving the livelihoods of the generality...
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...Bio Vocab 1. ecology - noun the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment; the environment as it relates to living organisms 2. biosphere - noun the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist 3. species - noun a specific kind of something; (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed 4. population - noun the act of populating (causing to live in a place); (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; the people who inhabit a territory or state; the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) 5. community - noun (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other; a group of people living in a particular local area; a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; a group of nations having common interests; common ownership; agreement as to goals; the body of people in a learned occupation; a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences 6. ecosystem - noun a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 7. biome - noun a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate 8. autotroph...
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...Current situation 2 Current Situation: 2 1. Company purpose 2 2. Industry Sector 2 3. Size and Location 2 4. Location 2 5. Number of employees 2 6. Current exporting activities 3 7. Other relevant information 3 8. Company product / services / markets 3 9. Initial description of chosen product/service for export and country 6 Planning export offering 7 1. Customer Profile and Needs 7 3. Potential size of this Market 11 4. Partners / associates that you will need 11 Initial Country Analysis 14 1. Country risk rating 14 2. Issues/ Product modifications required for market 15 Environmental Analysis of Market 16 Macro Analysis 16 Micro Environment 17 Entry Strategy, Implementation & Operational Changes 19 Entry Strategy 19 Implementation 19 Operational Changes 20 Conclusions and Recommendations 20 Bibliography 20 Appendices 20 Current situation 1. Company purpose The way I explain the purpose is as company named “ECO STORE”. The meaning by ECO is GREEN, the reason I use the word GREEN because when people see green things which the first idea comes in mind is nature and free from contamination and nothing chemical and 100% sure harmless for human body. And the meaning by STORE is “putting every ECOed things together”. So the purpose of the company is making human’s life healthier and not let any chemical thing to harm us. 2. Industry Sector As a company who has been focusing on the career in “Green (As...
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...Bioenergy Technology Development in Nigeria – Pathway to Sustainable Development TERM PAPER SUBMITTED BY ATTABO, AMEH M.Engr Mechnical Engineering Covenant university ota Nigeria ABSTRACT A major factor affecting Nigeria’s economical progress is power. And this has been a major discuss in the country for a long time. A reliable and sustainable energy source is greatly desired to power the nation’s economy and this need cannot be overemphasized, due to the epileptic power supply to the national grid, it has become absolutely important to explore other cheap sources of power to meet our urban and rural energy need. This will in no small measure support our national grid and reduce rural-urban drift. The heavy dependence on gas generated by the Nigeria National Petroleum Co-operation (NNPC) to power our turbines at our gas plants often exposes the country to power outage due to high cost of maintenance and vandalism. Applying biomass technology to generate power can help the country develop its energy sector more rapidly as the raw material needed to feed the Bioenergy plants are almost everywhere in the country some are mere waste such as agricultural and domestic waste. The focus of this paper is on the use of bioenergy to alleviate the poverty rate in Nigeria especially in the rural areas where there is large amount of Lands and biomass material. Developing the bioenergy strength of the country also creates wealth and employment...
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...Analysis, judgment Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Exercises 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.10 Learning Topic Objectives Skills Accounting terminology 1–5 Analysis 1, 2 Analysis, communication, Real World: Home Depot judgment Incremental, sunk, and opportunity costs 1–3 Analysis Incremental analysis: Accepting a special order Scarce resources 1–4 Analysis Special order decisions and opportunity costs 1–4 Analysis Incremental analysis: Make or buy decision Make or buy decision Sunk costs: Scrap or rework decision Scarce resources Joint products 1–4 1–4 1–4 1–4 1–4 Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis, communication, judgment Analysis Analysis, judgment Analysis Analysis, judgment Analysis, communication, research 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 Joint processes: Sell or process further Pricing a special order Evaluating a special order Scarce resources Real World: Home Depot’s charitable contributions 1–4 1–3 1–3 1–5 1–3 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012 CH21-Overview Problems Sets A, B 21.1 A,B 21.2 A,B 21.3 A,B 21.4 A,B 21.5 A,B 21.6 A,B 21.7 A,B 21.8 A 21.8 B Topic Evaluating a special order Make or buy decision Make or buy decision Determining the most profitable...
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...Part 1- Facts of the Case Prior to the Tyco scandal, the company was one of America's largest conglomerates, with operating revenues of 38 billion dollars and 240,000 employees, worldwide. Tyco Laboratories began operations in 1960, performing experimental work for the U.S. government. The firm went public in 1964 and quickly expanded, mostly by acquisition, to exploit the commercial applications of its work. Dennis Kozlowski joined the company in 1975 as an assistant controller. The company subsequently shifted its focus from growth to profits within its three primary divisions: fire protection, electronics, and packaging. Kozlowski joined Tyco's board in 1987 and became president and chief operating officer two years later. Kozlowski engineered a coup to become Tyco's chief executive officer (CEO) in 1992 and the chair of the board in 1993. He diversified the company, branching into health care. Tyco eventually became the second largest producer of medical devices in the United States. On December 5, 2001, the Tyco shares were trading for 59.76 on the NYSE. B. Identification of all individuals or firms who knew about, participated in, or condoned the behavior. The primary people that were identified for responsibility of the scandal were Dennis Kozlowski and finance chief, Mark Swartz. Kozlowski joined the company in 1975 as an assistant controller at Tyco. He worked in the company during a time of rapid expansion and moved to the board of directors in 1987, become CEO in...
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...REVIEW D. Ryan Georgianna1 & Stephen P Mayfield1 . doi:10.1038/nature11479 Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels Modern life is intimately linked to the availability of fossil fuels, which continue to meet the world’s growing energy needs even though their use drives climate change, exhausts finite reserves and contributes to global political strife. Biofuels made from renewable resources could be a more sustainable alternative, particularly if sourced from organisms, such as algae, that can be farmed without using valuable arable land. Strain development and process engineering are needed to make algal biofuels practical and economically viable. D espite limited supply and increasing demand, fossil fuels remain among the world’s cheapest commodities. Prices will inevitably rise once demand starts to outstrip supply, but short- to medium-term replacement of fossil fuels by renewable and more environmentally benign alternatives will occur only if the substitutes can compete economically. One of these alternatives is based on the oils extracted from algae, and commercial-scale pilot facilities to test these are in operation. However, significant improvements are still needed to make algal biofuels economically viable. In this Review, we outline the advantages of algae as a biofuel producer, discuss the different cultivation methods, consider the options for achieving optimal algal biomass and lipid production, and the process engineering...
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