...The Place where over 1200 officers and of the Union were held was called Libby Prison, located in Richmond Virginia. This prison used to be a tenement owned by Captain Luther Libby. It was then turned into a warehouse and ran a Chandler’s shop. With the start of the war though, business stopped because it traded mainly with Northern ships. Also, with the capture of so many Union soldiers and officers, the Confederates needed somewhere to put them. They gave Captain Libby 48 hours to vacate the building to store the Union prisoners. The second and third floors were where the prisoners were kept. The first floor was the guard quarters, and the basement floor was everything else, including Rat Hell, an abandoned kitchen onced used by the...
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...Kerr’s (1995) classic article “On the Folly of Rewarding A, While Hoping for B” of central point is that we can expect people to rationally do the things that are rewarded rather than the things we say they should do. There has been a sentence said, “Put your money on self interest. At least you know the jockey is trying” (Kerr, 1995). When this concept reflected on my past work experience, I fell so pleasure I worked in such an enjoyable work environment before. In our company, we do not follow the normal reward line. We reward through the creative way when we do things differently. Most of people from our company will not get clear instructions what they will do in office, and then stick to that once the rule selected. In fact, we have a reward system that encourages contrary behavior. The above is example of reward systems which encourage behavior contrary to what is wanted. In Kerr’s article, it also pointed out that business is not immune to this folly. For instance, espousing long term growth and profitability while rewarding short term or asking people to take challenge of stretching objectives but rewarding those who meet minimum budget even though those budgets consist of little stretch (Kerr, 1995). This scenario happens in any real work situation. In my previous workplace, there are team rewards as well. But honestly, I really have to admit that the team tem reward is not appropriately working here to improve the team performance. Under our organizational...
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...The following paper will examine the elements of procedural fairness apparent in tribunals and compare this to that of the court system, ultimately coming to a tentative conclusion on the efficacy of each. A broad spectrum of academic literature, case law and legislation has been considered to evaluate the role that tribunals have in the Australian legal system. In light of Kerr J’s remark (above), find and critically analyse a case which considers issues of procedural fairness in a tribunal hearing. The case of Ashmore v Commissioner for Superannuation primarily concerned the decisions to not recognise late election and to not grant an extension of time relating to the preservation of the applicant’s superannuation benefit. At the initial hearing in which the applicant (Carolyn Ashmore) gave oral evidence, only one senior member was present, contrary to the stipulations of the Superannuation Act that the Tribunal be constituted of three members, one of whom is an eligible employee or pensioner. The hearing was then reconstituted with three members, and a transcript of the applicant’s oral evidence was used to ascertain her credibility. Ultimately the Tribunal formed a negative opinion of the applicant’s evidence, leading them to rule against her. By relying on a transcript of Ashmore’s evidence, it was determined by Justice Moore that the other two tribunal members could have been influenced, albeit unintentionally, by the negative bias from the senior member present at the...
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...© Academy of Management Executive. 1995 Vol. 9 No.1 AN ACADEMY CLASSIC On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B Steven Kerr Executive Overview This article, updated for AME, needs no introduction.1 Even today, the original article is still widely reprinted. Now part of the lexicon, it truly qualifies as an Academy of Management Classic for almost twenty years, its title has reminded executives and scholars alike-it's the reward system. stupid!" We hope you enjoy the update! Editor Whether dealing with monkeys, rats, or human beings, it is hardly controversial to state that most organisms seek information concerning what activities are rewarded, and then seek to do (or at least pretend to do) those things, often to the virtual exclusion of activities not rewarded. The extent to which this occurs of course will depend on the perceived attractiveness of the rewards offered, but neither operant nor expectancy theorists would quarrel with the essence of this notion. Nevertheless, numerous examples exist of reward systems that are fouled up in that the types of behavior rewarded are those which the rewarder is trying to discourage, while the behavior desired is not being rewarded at all. Fouled Up Systems In Politics Official goals are “purposely vague and general and do not indicate. . . the host of decisions that must be made among alternative ways of achieving official goals and the priority of multiple goals. . . ”2 They usually may be relied on to offend absolutely...
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...Sultan Choudhry Professor Wendt Article Response 12/06/2015 Picture Perfect Essay Response Maya vases have many unknown meanings to them and there are many people around the world that try to uncover these discoveries. I think it is very incredulous how two young people, Kerr and Barbara, have discovered a whole new adventure of changing the way they see the past. Kerr and Barbara are not seeking this journey for just themselves, but to change others views on the past of the great Maya people. The couple feel a spirit and connection towards the sculptures they see and the images they capture with their eyes. Taking a vacation can change one’s life for some people as it did for Kerr and Barbara. The pre-Columbian Americas and the Classic Maya civilization dominated their lives. Good spirits drove them to Yucatan because when they arrived, they could not take their eyes off of all the beautiful sculptures they witnessed. Items such as carved skulls, snakes, warriors, and glyphs changed their lives towards a whole new path. When I think of photographing archaeological material, people looking at these images may think that they are boring. As for Kerr, he realized this and imputed life into his images. There is a bigger meaning to pictures than just trying to make it look nice, there is beauty, devotion, and emotion. After reading this article, I see that there are many small details to create a great image, such as the lighting and the fabric. Kerr has created a great...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Universiti Sains Malaysia] On: 19 March 2015, At: 06:57 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Advertising Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujoa20 Following Celebrities’ Tweets About Brands: The Impact of Twitter-Based Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Consumers’ Source Credibility Perception, Buying Intention, and Social Identification With Celebrities Seung-A Annie Jin & Joe Phua a b a b Emerson College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Published online: 24 Apr 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Seung-A Annie Jin & Joe Phua (2014) Following Celebrities’ Tweets About Brands: The Impact of TwitterBased Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Consumers’ Source Credibility Perception, Buying Intention, and Social Identification With Celebrities, Journal of Advertising, 43:2, 181-195, DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2013.827606 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2013.827606 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the...
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...narcotic painkillers. Other than players using marijuana for painkillers, they use it to boost performance, although there is little evidence it does, the World Anti-Doping Agency keeps it on the banned substances list. Some of the believed benefits for using marijuana for athletes is improved concentration, more impulsive responses, and aid in overcoming traumatic experiences, but it does have some negative effects like slower reaction time, decreased alertness, and quicker muscle fatigue. Steve Kerr, an NBA head coach, who had to undergo two back surgeries, used marijuana to get through the pain, he wants the professional leagues to at least consider marijuana as an option for players to deal with pain. Another coach was worried about Kerr’s comments of marijuana stating that it could send the wrong message to kids, believes it is the first step for kids to start dropping out of school and get involved in crime. The coach also said that any message dealing with marijuana in sports should come from doctors not from coaches. The NBA commissioner, Adam Silver, said”I’m more concerned about PEDS, I don’t want players to use marijuana but the NBA could adjust its stance over time”. Steroids are a drug the youth are using to become bigger and better at their sport, they become addicted to the drug and they dont stop using it.According to findings published in the journal “Pediatrics”, “One in twenty youth use steroids, which is about five percent of middle school and high school...
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...Johnathon Henderson HSSU 300 Section 06 Final Project Portfolio 1. This is the list of my other courses and the grades that I expect to receive. Course Title Expected Grade BSAD 0225 |Business Diversity and Ethics | B+ BSAD 0400 |Business Government Relations | B MRKT 0370|Retail Management | A POSC 0200 |American Government Survey | A MIS 305 |Business Application of Software and Networks | B 2. Skills and tips that I have learned from this class that has helped me in my other classes consists of how to properly construct an outline, tips on time management, useful study habits, tips on managing stress, tips on test taking, etc. 3. This is the list of time management strategies that I have used. a. Broke down strategies into small portions b. Set start and end scopes of projects c. Rewarded myself after my hard-work to stay motivated d. Stuck to my plan 4. The personal contributions I have made to the class was during the open discussion of topics I actively participated and gave my point of view which were different from the other students in attempts to trying to bring diversity to the classroom. A list of strengths and weakness of this course include: Strengths a. Gives students a platform to discuss issues from different perspectives and gives an opportunity for students to learn from each other. b...
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...renowned, German astronomer, completed equations Einstein was pursuing. Schwarzschild wrote letters to Einstein, demonstrating his calculations of a spherical, non-revolving object. His calculations showed that a collapsed star’s gravitational field would warp the space around it so compactly that nothing leave it. (Faster than a Speeding Einstein, n.d.) Ergo, the modern black hole was defined, even though neither scientists believed that such a thing could exist. Physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar determined that a dead star’s core, called a white dwarf, can only have a mass approximately 1.4 times as the Sun’s. A New Zealand mathematician, Roy Kerr, used equations from Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity to come to a conclusion. Kerr’s solution to the equations was this: as a large star warps the spacetime around it, the spacetime is dragged inwards and in a circular motion to a center point. Other physicists believed that Kerr perfectly described a black hole. (Down the (Gravitational) Drain, n.d.) Lastly, Stephen Hawking, the renowned British physicist who defined the modern black hole, proposed the idea that black holes can give off radiation. He believed that the radiation was due to the black hole eating particles, causing some of its mass to be be lost. With this, Hawking concluded that black holes produced a glow from radiation, making them have a temperature. More often than not, black holes exist in binary star systems. A binary star system is where two objects...
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...work at a unionized business without joining the union. Today, like a century ago, some citizen passionately believe that unions are crucial bulwarks of freedom, while others feel just as strongly that they are at best outdated and at worst an obstacle to progress. Labor is not merely a commodity, but a special part of the human experience; workers deserve a say in the working conditions of their labor; the right of workers to organize in their own self-interest is a basic human right. During the 1950’s the American economics professor Clark Kerr(2010) observed that “organized labor and management are primarily engaged in sharing between themselves what is, at any one moment of time, a largely given amount of income and power.” Kerr’s words point to the crux of labor history; this is a power game, who will rule the workplace? Some employers have taken the position that managers, as representatives of business owners, should have all the power. The rule of the workplace it that management dictates and workers obey. In today’s workplace there is no right to employment security and no prohibition against unjust dismissal in the private sector such as exists in most other advanced industrial countries. The laws of the U.S. workplace are governed by the doctrine of “employment at will.” There is some protection to ensure that an employee may not be dismissed for clearly...
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...Food and eating practices are essential in everyday life, as we must eat in order to survive. When putting food and eating into theory, sociologist analyses food system in terms of their symbolic properties and the definition of their social relationship and process, which define them. According to Khare, socio-anthropological perspective on food can be analyses in three approaches: ‘food as a sociocultural context for illustrating the logic and principles of different culture, food as a mediating material and moral system within societies and food as a set of nutriments representing the overlapping work of ecological, biological and cultural systems in human societies’ (Khare, quoting in Lupton, 1996: 9). The preparation, consumption and presentation of food are intricately connected to our social life. This paper will explore more details on the second approach; which is the relationship between food, family and community. It will examine how food consumption habits are fundamental to outline the boundary of a family and the causes and consequences of the decline in number of family meal. Family is always presented in positive qualities. It always encourages love, trust and intimacy. Home is seen as a place where warmth, tenderness, protection and understanding would be expected from parents; family relationship is divined to provide enduring and continuing emotional support; family is important in our aspect of life because ‘for the child, an introduction to life...
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...A summary of the bestselling book by Stephen R. Covey. From The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey. Published by Simon & Schuster. INTRODUCTION Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, habits constantly express our character and produce our effectiveness or our in effectiveness. In the words of Aristotle, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” I identify here seven habits shared by all truly effective people. Fortunately, for those of us not born effective (no one is), these habits can be learned. Furthermore, the collective experience of the ages shows us that acquiring them will give you the character to succeed. Some years ago, I decided to read all the success literature published in the United States since its beginning in 1776 - hundreds of books, articles, and essays on self-improvement and popular psychology. I noticed a startling thing: Almost all the writings that helped build our country in its first 150 years or so identified character as the foundation of success. The literature of what we might call “The Character Ethic” helped Americans cultivate integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, industry, and the Golden Rule. Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography is a prime example. Compared with the early success literature, the writings of the last 50 years seem superficial to me - filled...
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...A summary of the bestselling book by Stephen R. Covey. From The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey. Published by Simon & Schuster. INTRODUCTION Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, habits constantly express our character and produce our effectiveness or our in effectiveness. In the words of Aristotle, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” I identify here seven habits shared by all truly effective people. Fortunately, for those of us not born effective (no one is), these habits can be learned. Furthermore, the collective experience of the ages shows us that acquiring them will give you the character to succeed. Some years ago, I decided to read all the success literature published in the United States since its beginning in 1776 - hundreds of books, articles, and essays on self-improvement and popular psychology. I noticed a startling thing: Almost all the writings that helped build our country in its first 150 years or so identified character as the foundation of success. The literature of what we might call “The Character Ethic” helped Americans cultivate integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, industry, and the Golden Rule. Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography is a prime example. Compared with the early success literature, the writings of the last 50 years seem superficial to me - filled with social image...
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...Multicultural Organization: A Case Study of LG (Life’s Good) By: Prof Pallvi Vadehra Visiting Faculty (IHRM, HRM, OD) pallvivadehra@gmail.com Introduction of Problem India has attracted a lot of foreign multinationals to invest via joint ventures or wholly owned Subsidiary here. With an increasing number and size of these ventures, it has been routinely seen that Indian Organizations tend to adapt the management models of foreign collaborations. This has created tensions and conflict in relationships sometimes. There are lots of big names in market like Procter and Gamble, Godrej, LG Electronics with CK Birla; Toyota with DCM. This tension is created due to dealing with two different cultural people, unsatisfactory corporate structure, management systems, employee oriented modes of management and the way companies were tackling the change in Organizations. The Background of LGEIL: Established in 1997, LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of LG Electronics, South Korea. In India for a decade now, LG is the market leader in consumer durables and recognised as a leading technology innovator in the information technology and mobile communications business. LG is the acknowledged trendsetter for the consumer durable industry in India with the fastest ever nationwide reach, latest global technology and product innovation. One of the most formidable brands, LGEIL has an impressive portfolio of Consumer Electronics, Home Appliances, GSM...
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...MKTG203: Assignment 1 Thursday7.00_MR_17 New trends in consumer behaviour and brand personality have gained increased global attention, particularly in cosmetic products. This report will critically analyse the rapidly growing beauty and cosmetics market in China through the consumer behaviour concepts of consumer materialism and brand personality. Both of these aspects will be examined in relation to the similarities and differences present within the Australian and Chinese context. By exploring these two essential concepts of consumer behaviour, the report will highlight China’s growing interests and demands for imported skincare and beauty products, as well as a potential marketing opportunity for Australian cosmetic companies such as Aēsop. Background With an estimated worth of $19.49 billion, the cosmetic market is one of the largest industries stimulating the Chinese economy today (Datamonitor, 2013). A substantial growth of 18.7% in 2012 and a forecasted growth of 48.7% by 2017 (Euromonitor, 2013), has enabled the nation to become Australia’s largest trading partner including other Australian exports. Due to its dominant presence in the world economy, the general level of per capita income has increased progressively with minor improvements in chronic income inequalities between rural and urban populations in China. With higher disposable incomes and the endless choices in distinct cosmetics, many individuals are now seeking high-value...
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