...Bibliography 17 Question 1: The definition of ethics deserves more than just one sentence, as it is an ambiguous, complex and intangible subject that revolves around behavior towards society, the environment and the business world at large. It is a reflection of one’s personal values and behavior within the business environment and is concerned with what is right and what is wrong based on sometimes religious values, law, established practices, society and individual conscience. Ethics is based on unwritten rules that address fairness, responsibility, moral obligation and compassion. From the above, business ethics can be defined as “The application of a moral code of conduct to the strategic and operational management of a business.” (Define Business Ethics -Discussion and Debate, online) The impact of ethics on business needs to be seen as positive. Corporations that are purely profit driven will not see this positivity as they perceive that ethics limits them to do business as they wish. One thing they must bear in mind is that consumers are more savvy and educated now and respect organizations that practice business in an ethical way and support these organizations wholeheartedly. Ethics drives business to conduct itself in a right and moral way ensuring that no one (society, environment and industry) is harmed. The ethical issues in the extract that need to be discussed and addressed are the topics surrounding the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy for power, the...
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...Business Ethics Dirty To The Core Seandel Gibson Business-Law Professor- Mr. McLamore June 11, 2012 Business Ethics Abstract Ethical behavior isn’t an act but a habit, just as good health requires cultivating the habits of getting enough sleep and eating wholesome food, Aristotle believed that right action was the result of developing good moral habits. In a business context, this means training and, at the deepest level, something we call “corporate culture.’ Although Ethical management is being given a higher priority by many management teams, a wealth of evidence reveals that managers are still unclear about how to institute strategies and systems that encourage ethical conduct and help create a moral corporate culture. Many managers have opted for the simple route of promulgating rules and instructing everyone to follow them. Not only is this approach providing ineffective in today’s decentralized business environment, it also denies employees any chance to become part of the ethical fabric of the organization. Business Ethics Corruption is defined by transparency international as the misuse of public power for private gain. It takes many forms and can be intensely...
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...timely processing of weekly and monthly payroll of the employees. An accountant can also keep the records updated by compiling and analyzing the information related to financial activities of the company to prepare entries to the accounts, such as general ledger accounts, document business transactions. Due to the proper updating of the records systematically by the accountant the company will be able to provide the financial information of the company to its internal and external sources whenever needed without any disputes or errors . • Paid taxes on time An Accountant can help the company by paying taxes on time. There will be no need to calculate taxes separately as it will be calculated by the accountant which will in turn save the time and hence can be used in some effective and efficient manner. Apart from this he can also provide much relevant information related to taxes like : • Amount to put aside per month for tax bills • What type of taxes will have to pay and when will have to pay them? • What expenses can be claimed? • Is there any need to set up a business bank account and what happens if the company doesn’t? • Does the company need public liability insurance or Professional indemnity? What could be at risk if the company has a problem in a client’s office? • How do the track of money coming in and going...
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...specifically to a description and moral evaluation of the impact than an organization has on society * Ethics can be a business constraint “ethics costs” but also an advantage “ethics pays” 1970 – 1985: Rise of business ethics (academia) 1985 – 1995: Ethics into firms 1995 – 2000: Internationalization 2000 – 2012: Corporate Scandals and government regulation * Ethics Scandal Costs: Fines, lawsuits, prison, investor losses, bankruptcies, unemployment, and increased regulation * Market Morality: Will everyone invest their money as agreed or will greed effect them? * Parable of the Sandhu Ethics vs. the law Unclear over moral responsibility Easier to say what is morally right than to do it * Employees value health and safety ethics Consumers value product safety Shareholders want return on investment Need to look at environment * Macroenvironment: social, economic, political, technological factors * Our society is pluralistic in nature * Pluralism: there is diffusion of power among society’s many groups and organizations Decentralization and diversity of power * Strengths of Pluralism: prevents power concentration; maximizes freedom; diversified loyalties; provides safeguards; disperses individual allegiances. Has a set of built in checks and balances * Weaknesses of Pluralism: pursuit of self-interest; proliferates organizations with similar...
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...Case Study 2 Solution Date:-08/10/2014 LJB Company :- Internal control No | Particular | Page no | 1 | Introduction | 1 | 2 | Topic 1 Explanation | 1-2 | | Internal control requirement | | 3 | Topic 2 Explanation | 2-3 | | Internal control requirement | | 4 | Topic 3 Explanation | 3-4 | | Internal control requirement | | 5 | Summary of recommendation | 5 | 6 | conclusion | 6 | case study 2 solution Dear president of LJB Company, * If the LJB Company should decide to become a publicly traded company, a few internal controls should be implemented to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). Management will need to provide periodic quarterly reports to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of LJB’s internal controls over financial reporting procedures. Management should certify the accuracy and fairness of presentation of their financial statements. Independent auditor(s) outside of LJB will need to attest to management’s assessment of said internal controls. Additionally, non-audit services between these two parties (LJB and said independent auditor) are prohibited. * There are a few internal control measures that LJB already has in effect and are better for it: the use of pre-numbered invoices by the accountant and your (the President’s) involvement in the approval and hiring process of new employees. I also recommend the purchase of the indelible ink machine as per the accountant’s request...
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...Number: 410.234.9422 milter@jhu.edu Office Hours Typically before class session or by appointment. Required Learning Materials This course is a series of thematic conversations about human values and your responsibilities as an emerging/aspiring business leader. There is no traditional textbook, but there is much reading. You are required to read The Moral Compass: Leadership for a Free World, a workbook by Lindsay Thompson available online as a PDF in Course Documents. You will find details about required learning materials in the Bibliography and Theme Briefs sections of the Syllabus. Course Description and Overview This course explores ethical leadership as a framework for enterprise value creation in a complex environment of competing economic and moral claims. Students examine the intrinsic ethical challenges of leadership and the concept of a moral compass as a foundation for responding effectively to the ethical challenges of corporate citizenship and value creation in a competitive global economy. (2 credits) Syllabus Table of Contents Page Topic 2 Bibliography & Learning Resources 6 Calendar, Seminar Structure, Theme Briefs, Content 42 Seminar Preparation Toolkit 48 Learning Objectives, Graded Assignments, Deliverables 59 General Academic Policies 61 Supplemental Readings on Learning Theory bibliography learning resources ------------------------------------------------- Bibliography of Required and Suggested Readings ...
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...Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+™ and Beyond / Wm. Arthur Conklin / 619-8 / Chapter 2 2 General Security Concepts “The only real security that a man can have in this world is a reserve of knowledge, experience and ability.” —HENRY FORD In this chapter, you will learn how to ■ Define basic terms associated with computer and information security ■ Identify the basic approaches to computer and information security ■ Distinguish among various methods to implement access controls ■ Describe methods used to verify the identity and authenticity of an individual ■ Describe methods used to conduct social engineering ■ Recognize some of the basic models used to implement security in operating systems 20 P:\010Comp\BaseTech\619-8\ch02.vp Wednesday, November 09, 2011 2:01:20 PM I n Chapter 1, you learned about some of the various threats that we, as security professionals, face on a daily basis. In this chapter, you start exploring the field of computer security. Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+™ and Beyond / Wm. Arthur Conklin / 619-8 / Chapter 2 ■ Basic Security Terminology The term hacking has been used frequently in the media. A hacker was once considered an individual who understood the technical aspects of computer operating systems...
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...Chapter 1 Ethical Reasoning: Implications for Accounting Ethics Reflection PENN STATE CHILD ABUSE SCANDAL: A CULTURE OF INDIFFERENCE What motivates an otherwise ethical person to do the wrong thing when faced with an ethical dilemma? Why did Joe Paterno and administrators at Penn State University look the other way and fail to act on irrefutable evidence that former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky had raped and molested young boys, an offense for which Sandusky currently is serving a 30- to 60-year sentence? According to the independent report by Louis Freeh that investigated the sexual abuse, four of the most powerful people at Penn State, including president Graham Spanier, athletic director Timothy Curley, senior vice president Gary Schultz, and head football coach Joe Paterno, sheltered a child predator harming children for over a decade by concealing Sandusky’s activities from the board of trustees, the university community, and authorities. The Freeh report characterizes the inactions as lacking empathy for the victims by failing to inquire as to their safety and wellbeing. Not only that, but they exposed the first abused child to additional harm by alerting Sandusky, who was the only one who knew the child’s identity, of what assistant coach Mike McQueary saw in the shower on the night of February 9, 2001.1 McQueary testified at the June 2012 trial of Sandusky that when he was a graduate assistant, he walked into the locker room and heard sounds of slapping...
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...thing" is not nearly as straightforward as conveyed in a great deal of business ethics literature. Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a matter of "Should Bob steal from Jack?" or "Should Jack lie to his boss?" (Many ethicists assert there's always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation -- ultimately it's up to the individual.) Many philosophers consider ethics to be the "science of conduct." Philosophers have been discussing ethics for at least 2500 years, since the time of Socrates and Plato. Many ethicists consider emerging ethical beliefs to be "state of the art" legal matters, i.e., what becomes an ethical guideline today is often translated to a law, regulation or rule tomorrow. Values which guide how we ought to behave are considered moral values, e.g., values such as respect, honesty, fairness, responsibility, etc. Statements around how these values are applied are sometimes called moral or ethical principles. THREE TYPES OF ETHICS Descriptive Ethics: Descriptive ethics involves describing how people behave and/or the moral standards they claim to follow. Descriptive ethics incorporates research from anthropology, psychology, sociology and history to understand beliefs about moral norms. Atheists who compare what religious theists say about moral behavior or the basis for morality...
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...Conscious Capitalism: A Reader’s Reflection In their collaboration, Conscious Capitalism: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business, both John Mackey and Raj Sisodia outline and discuss the problems plaguing sizeable business, while sharing their own knowledge and experiences. Throughout, they also continuously encourage socially responsible values in all business organizations. Citing decentralization and stakeholder empowerment, Mackey and Sisodia argue that mans’ inherent goodwill can not only sustain capitalism, but grow with it. The authors formulate their contentions into four models, also known as ‘Tenets,’ which are interconnected, yet interdependent: Higher Purpose; Stakeholder Integration; Conscious Leadership; and, Conscious Culture and Management. The first tenant, Higher Purpose, focuses on searching for meaning, and nurturing the business’ guiding principles. Its purpose is to guide stakeholders with clarity and conviction, but only if the value is simple and clearly defined. Though the authors note ‘purpose, mission, and vision’, they further clarify the distinctions by citing Jerry Porra, quoted in Lan Liu’s Conversation on Leadership: Wisdom from Global Management Gurus: Purpose refers to the difference you are trying to make in the world, mission is the core strategy that must be undertaken to fulfill that purpose, and vision is a vivid, imaginative conception or view of how the world will look once your purpose had been largely realized (47). This...
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...ETHICS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO ETHICS IN MILITARY Abstract Ethics and morals are used instead of each other in everyday life. However, there are some differences between these two expressions. Those who think that ethics is different than morals argue that ethics is more universal compared to morals. While moral is a national concept, ethics is considered to be a universal notion. It is observed that discussions on ethics in the public administration have been increasing in the world since 1970’s. Although corruption in the political-bureaucratic system has been considered to be a characteristic of underdeveloped countries, certain problems observed in the public administration sector of some western countries in 1970’s drew the attention of the public opinion and excited debates on ethics. The notion of ethics in the public administration as it is in the West has been drawing more attention in Turkey in recent years. The legislation regarding ethical infrastructure in the Turkish Public administration has been scattered until 2004. In this article, the developments of ethical issues are explained in legal framework and also, different approaches in military from different countries are compared. Comments are made on the differences and similarities of “codes of ethics” and “moral values”. Key Words: Business Ethics, Codes, Military, Morals, Public Administration. Introduction While ethical and moral are...
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...Two less obvious kinds of markets are no less necessary for a market system. One is markets for intermediate services and goods produced for other producers. The other is market for capital. In market systems people do not go their own way; they are tied together and turned this way or that through market interactions. In our time it is a governed market system, heavily burdened or ornamented with what old-fashioned free marketers decry as ‘interferences’. Although buying and selling may be natural to human-kind, market systems are not. The market system that lies closest to our span of attention is the capitalist market system. In ostensibly democratic societies, market skeptics sometimes fear that the market system may bring an end to democracy. One of their fears is that big corporations already exercise powers inconsistent with democracy; and that multinational corporations overwhelm small nation-states. Despite the growing consensus in favor of the market system, it is of course possible that the millions of people who now endorse it are on the wrong track. A market system can coordinate human behavior or activity with a range and a precision beyond that of any other system, institution, or social process. It is both an ally and enemy of personal freedom. Paper lecture 1: Dubbink: Market Description I: ‘The non-mainstream approach’ and ‘Market Description II: Neo-classical...
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...An Introduction to the UN System: Orientation for Serving on a UN Field Mission (Intro to the UN 070329) A Course Produced by The United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Programme of Correspondence Instruction (Revised 2003) Course Author Lt.Col. (Retd.) Christian Hårleman Senior Special Fellow, UNITAR Series Editor Harvey J. Langholtz Copyright 2003, UNITAR POCI UNITAR Training Programme of Correspondence Instruction in Peacekeeping Operations Dag Hammarskjöld Centre Box 20475 New York, NY 10017 Programme UNITAR de Formation Par Correspondance Aux Opérations de Maintien de la Paix Palais des Nations 1211 Geneve 10 Suisse An Introduction to the UN System: Orientation for Serving on a UN Field Mission (Intro to the UN 070329) A Course Produced by The United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Programme of Correspondence Instruction (Revised 2003) Course Author Lt.Col. (Retd.) Christian Hårleman Senior Special Fellow, UNITAR Series Editor Harvey J. Langholtz Copyright 2003, UNITAR POCI Address all correspondence to: UNITAR Training Programme of Correspondence Instruction in Peacekeeping Operations Dag Hammarskjöld Centre Box 20475 New York, NY 10017-0009 USA An Introduction to the UN System: Orientation for Serving on a UN Field Mission TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents................................................................................. i Foreword.....................................................
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...Ethics - Ethics Imagine a 15 year old student in philosophy class. After discussing why should you or shouldn't you judge other societies, and getting in depth with ethics, the teacher decides to tell a story to the class. She says"..there is a tribe in the Amazon(Brazil) were they show love and respect by cutting body parts.It would be a good sign if your father cuts a finger of a son...." she then asked the class ".... if you end up in the Amazon, would you stop a father cutting a sons finger because in your society is wrong.... Ethics - Ethics Ethics is a topic in which many people or groups of people tend to disregard. There can be many reasons supporting the decisions that business firms or individuals make. In many cases, money or monetary gain can influence people to do unethical things either in the workplace or in everyday life. Ethics can be defined as beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. These beliefs are normally passed down from family so you make the right decisions in the future. Morals are also on the same line as ethics when talking about doing the right thing.... Ethics Officer - ... A code of ethics also helps to empower employees to report unethical behavior witnessed by coworkers or executives within the corporation. Ethics Administrative Agency Another proposal is that the government needs to form an organization that will strictly investigate any serious claims of unethical behavior. Many people may argue that the government already over regulates...
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...Chapter Four Professional Accounting in the Public Interest, Post-Enron Purpose of the Chapter When the Enron, Arthur Andersen, and WorldCom debacles triggered the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), a new era of stakeholder expectations was crystallized for the business world and particularly for the professional accountants that serve in it. The drift away from the professional accountant’s role as a fiduciary to that of a businessperson was called into question and reversed. The principles that the new expectations spawned and renewed resulted in changes in how the professional accountants are to behave, what services are to be offered, and what performance standards are to be met. These standards have been embedded in a new governance structure and in guidance mechanisms, which have domestic and international components. The influence of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) will be as important as that of SOX in the long run. This chapter examines each of these developments and provides insights into important areas of current and future practice. Building upon the understanding of the new stakeholder accountability framework facing clients and employers developed in earlier chapters, this chapter explores public expectations for the role of the professional accountant and the principles that should be observed in discharging that role. This leads to consideration of the implications for services to be...
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