...theorists view the development of emotional autonomy as detachment. What is individuation and who is the theorist who proposed it? Is the healthy development of emotional autonomy related to close or distant family relations? How are different parenting styles related to the development of emotional autonomy? What are three areas in which we see changes in behavioral autonomy in adolescence? How does the development of the ability to reason logically compare to the development of impulse control in adolescents? In what areas do parents have more influence on adolescents and in what areas are peers more influential? The development of behavioral autonomy is associated with what kind of parenting? What kind of parenting is associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to antisocial peer pressure? What kind of parenting is associated with adolescents’ susceptibility to positive peer pressure? Do adolescents whose parents tend to limit their autonomy tend to be more oriented toward their peers or their family? Explain how adolescents’ values...
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...Cindy is in a relationship with Troy. She feels intense longing for him in his absence and experiences the butterflies when he is around. Nora, on the other hand, is dating Charlie and while she doesn’t get jittery in his presence, Charlie is her go-to guy for self-disclosure and she cares deeply for his well-being. What kind of love is Cindy likely to be in, and what kind of love is Nora likely to be experiencing? What cultural values towards love is Cindy likely to characterize as opposed to Nora? If you had to speculate, whose relationship is going to last longer? (+0.5 for each type of love, +0.5 for each culture, +1 for relationship length Q: 3 points...
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...Three Main Styles of Attachment Christina Stoner Com/172 10/27/2015 Daniel Gleason Three Main Styles of Attachment In your relationships, have you ever tried to communicate with someone and had a hard time explaining your point? Sometimes we only understand the answer that makes the most sense to us. We forget that everyone has a different reaction style that stems from their behavioral habits. What may seem clear to you may be more challenging for another person. Secure, anxious, and avoidant are three main styles of attachment. These styles affect the way our society bonds in their relationships. Therefore, habits are formed to fulfill selective personal needs. The bond that is created by a mother and her child in the first year of life will dictate the particular attachment pattern that the child will gain. (Beebe, Jaffe, and Markese 2010, p. 97) This theory originated from John Bowlby. Bowlby's studies in childhood behavior and development led him to the conclusion that a firm attachment to a caregiver gives a sense of connection and foundation for that child. Without this kind of bonding experience, Bowlby found that most of a person’s developmental energy is disbursed by pursuing a form of stability and balance.( Karandashev, Benton, and Edwards, 2012, p.1) Therefore, anxious and avoidant attachments are fear driven by sudden changes and they don’t usually like to rely on support. The opposite attachment is secure. This results in a person feeling comfortable...
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...common with maternal care. He found that some species of birds when first hatched follow the first moving object they see and keep follow it after that. This is called Imprinting. The idea of the theory imposes that the infant would show imprinting to their own mother who would then explain the strong attachment/bond between the infant and caregiver/mother. The principle of this study is that attachment is an innate and adaptive process for both infant and parent meaning. As such, it provides an evolutionary perspective. Attachment behaviour in infants and animals has been made stronger, has been endured and evolved because it helps them survive, as Darwin’s theory of evolution has proposed. The theory consists of different parts and promotes survival of the infants/animals in several ways which are: 1. Safety: By forming an attachment it means that there is a desire to gain and maintain proximity and this ensures safety for the infant. Both infant and the caregiver experiences feelings of anxiety when separated and this creates a proximity-seeking drive for both (have the desire of being too next to this person). 2. Emotional relationships: oh having a strong attachment to someone as an infant means they develop the skills to be able to produce healthy, stable and being able to conduct emotional relationships in future. Bowlby used the ideas of the internal working model – of having a conscious or /and unconscious rules and expect ions towards other to see how these relationships...
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...the email user to avoid having junk email that can affect theirs computer and overall action towards this problem. Research objective The objective for this survey is to find solution to determine the email is a scam or not. Besides that, this survey also allows people to realize about the awareness of internet email scammer. The information that I receive will show the public awareness to this kind of problem and also provide me some suggestion due to find the solution. Besides that, through survey we want to find solution for user to manage junk mail that they receive and how to recognize if the sender of the mail is being hacked or not. Data collection process This survey will conduct through online survey among my friend who is also an email user. This survey was sent to 5 students among the UUM. The survey content questionnaire about how they react towards email that didn’t have any information of the sender, what their solution and also if they have encounter any type of email that consist Nigeria sting operation, phishing and stock manipulation schemes or any kind of scam email. Result and recommendation Through the survey that I have conducted the result show 4/5 person that answer the survey show that most of student didn’t have awareness about the survey that I conduct. they didn’t encounter email that consist of Nigeria sting operation but 1/5 person have encounter email like phishing which is consist email that require...
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...replace parents in their children’s affections. There are several conflicting emotions that the parent may have that contribute to this fear. One major conflicting emotion is competition. This includes competition in all areas. However, the main competition is for the child’s affection. The competition is intensified due to the child being attached to both the parent and the provider. Another emotion is insecurity. Parents can feel insecure then they perceive that they are not number one in their child’s eyes. Insecurity can also mean fear of abandonment or fear of being replaced. Parents may also fear that questions or criticism will put their child at a disadvantage in school. However, in most cases, the provider is the secondary attachment for the child. Guilt is another emotion parents sometimes may feel because the parents are not there as much as they should be because of work or other obligations. Parents are often show frustration at not being there and being able to help their children in addition to not getting to see them as much as the teachers do. Parents may be reluctant to express their concerns because of cultural beliefs related to the authoritative position of the teacher. Parents may also be unsure of how to express their concerns to the teachers. Research shows that parents provide a passionate feeling that is highly personalized and comes with a history and a future. During a power struggle between a parent and a child, you will see emotions seldom...
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...Discuss one or more explanation of attachment. (12 marks) One explanation of attachment is the Learning theory. The learning theory proposes that all behavior is learned rather than inborn. This means when a child is born they learn a certain thing over time rather than being born with it. The leaning theory, put forward by behaviourists who prefer to focus their explanations solely on behaviour, tells us what people do rather than what may or may not being going on in their minds. They also suggest that all behavior, including attachment, is learned through either classical or operant conditioning. According to Ivan Pavlov ‘learning is a conditioned reflex also known as classical conditioning. The learning theory states that when an infant is hungry, milk (unconditioned stimulus) naturally produces a sense of pleasure (unconditioned response). The person who feeds the infant (conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with the food thus an association between the feeder and the pleasure produced when the infant’s hunger is satisfied (conditioned response), creating a stimulus-response (S-R) link. This new association is the attachment bond. However according to Skinner ‘learning is due to the kind of reinforcing response our actions produce’ also known as operant conditioning. Dollard and Miller’s theory of attachment suggests that infant’s naturally seek to reduce their discomfort of hunger. Feeding satisfies this need and thus the child learns to repeat this behaviour whenever...
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...feeling safe and valued in order to have a healthy emotional development. This early emotional development involves developing relationships with others, which build the foundation for young children to develop their ability. Instead of feeling anxious about the possibility of being abandoned, children feel secured enable them to start exploring their environment and becoming independent. The very first relationship is usually built between a baby and a primary caregiver, usually the mother or mother substitute. This relationship is of particular significance as it develops the attachment, which is vital as the foundation of developing subsequent relationship (MCI, undated). "The propensity to make strong emotional bonds to particular individuals [is] a basic component of human nature" (Bowlby, 1988, p3) Attachment is described as “an enduring bond” (MCI, undated) and further elaborated by the attachment theorist, John Bowlby. He famously stated “what is believed to be essential for mental health is that an infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute – one person who steadily ‘mothers’ him) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment” (Bowlby, 1953). Bowlby was very much influenced by ethological studies in general, especially by Harry Harlow’s research with monkeys and Konrad Lorenz’s study of imprinting (McLeod, 2007). Harlow’s...
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...an influence on the Attachment Theory. Cultural: * As we all know that it is a universal and most natural process when a baby forms his/her attachment with its primary care giver most of the time it is the mother and often can be the father or other people within the family net work. * Attachment is perceived with variations in different parts of the world e.g. the west compared to the east and so on. * Different cultures have so many other ways that they form attachment with their little ones and it is different as what makes a secure attachment in their judgement and understanding. For example let me throw some light on the Dogan’s who are an ethnic group living in the central plateau region of Mali in Africa where the mother is the central attachment figure. She spends her maximum time with her infant along with also sleeps with her baby. Bearing this in mind the secure attachment formed was 87% categorized as secure attachment. Mother’s constant presence lessened the chances of the avoidance. * In the same way attachment can be broadly applied as not all secure attachments are the same.. For example secure Japanese children cry less often when leaving their mother’s arms than the secure German children. Yet both groups Japanese and the German children have the same secure attachment. Economical: Now I would like throw some light on the attachment disorders which are caused by the economic factors: * The disorganised attachment which is the most concerning...
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... This bond is referred to as attachment. The first signs of attachment is usually between the infant and his or her mother, being that the mother is generally the main caregiver in a child’s first few months of life. Even though infants are reliant on individuals at the beginning of life, “attachment to their mothers is not instantaneous” (Weiten, 2011, p. 341). They can easily be given to another individual without much difficulty. Around 8 months is when a child begins to show attachment to his mother. Separation can be difficult and stress in the infant can result as a consequence. If separation anxiety develops, it will begin to decline as the child grows older. Studies have been conducted to explain why children develop an attachment to their mothers. One study’s theory was that by a mother feeding her infant child, the child forms the attachment through the need to be fed and the mother is providing that need to the child. However, that theory was shot down when Harry Harlow decided to raise monkeys and see what happens when a frightening stimulus was introduced. Did they go to the “mother” that fed them and was made of wires or did they go to the one that held more comfort being made of cloth? They scattered to the mother made of cloth. Harlow’s explanation was that “infants are biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers an affectionate, protective response from adults”(Weiten, 2011, p. 342). As for the quality of attachment between mother and infant, it...
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...FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT GUIDE FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL SEPTEMBER 2008 Questions about this guide may be directed to the National Endowment for the Arts, Office of Inspector General, Room 601, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506, Telephone (202) 682-5402. Questions about the terms and conditions of grants and cooperative agreements may be directed to the Office of Grants and Contracts, Room 618, Telephone (202) 6825403. Table of Contents Page Use of the Guide .................................................................................................................................... 1 Accountability Requirements ................................................................................................................ 1 Financial Management Standards ............................................................................................. 1 Internal Control Standards ........................................................................................................ 2 Audit Standards ......................................................................................................................... 3 Reporting Standards .................................................................................................................. 4 Subgranting .............................................................................................................................
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...BILL is the amount of the overdue bill in dollars, while TYPE =1 for residential accounts and TYPE =0 for commercial accounts. *** Write a brief memo to QSCA management advising them on the relationship, if any, between size of bill and number of days to collect. *** 1. Does the size of the bill somehow relate to the number of days the payment is late? If so, how? Find a model that can be used to predict how late a bill may be. 2. Does your answer depend upon whether the customer is a residential or commercial customer? If so, how? 3. Find and explain the regression model using a nontechnical discussion of your forecasting model. 4. Prepare a summary of your findings to present to the company's management. Attachment(s): * CASE OVERDUE BILLS.doc * DataSet_Case_OverdueBills.xls * (To download...
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...Resources: Writing Different Kinds of Messages, Week Three CheckPoint, Model Documents Gallery, and Writing for Your Reader Checklist Due Date: Day 7 [Individual] forum • Use the information in your Week Three CheckPoint to determine how to communicate with the manager, teammates, and travel agent in the scenario. Consider how much information and what type of communication (email, memo, or letter) is appropriate for each party, based on information in the Week Three reading Writing Different Kinds of Messages. Review the sample emails, memos, and letters in the Model Documents Gallery at http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/modeldocs/business.htm Write a letter to one party, a memo to one party, and an email to one party. Each communication must be a maximum of 250 words. Use appropriate grammar, spelling, style, and format for each type of communication. • Review the Writing for Your Reader Checklist at http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/axia/write_audience.html to ensure you have followed the guidelines for communicating effectively with an audience. If you cannot answer yes to every question, revise your messages before submitting them. Post the messages as attachments.Assignment: Negative Messages Using templates or sample documents to help you write emails, memos, and letters can be helpful for inexperienced writers; however, customize the communication so the document does not appear as a form letter. Resources: Writing Different Kinds of Messages, Week Three CheckPoint...
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...Analysis of Consumer Behavior quotes “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course. A sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence”. Discuss Introduction Psychology is important in many aspects of business, not least in the whole area of marketing and advertising. An understanding of the consumer behaviour is an essential part of the psychology of marketing. This essay will firstly give an explanation of consumer behaviour. Following this, it will discuss the benefits of the applications of consumer behaviours. Finally, it will look at the explication of attachment in consumer behaviours in the quote “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course; a sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence.” Consumer Behaviour Consumer behaviour is a complex, multi-disciplinary theory contributed from a variety of social sciences. The microeconomic demand theory, the foundation theory of market economy, is focused on what prospect effect the changes in income and price has on demand under the prerequisite of stable preferences; it does not provide explanation of the dynamics of the many factors in between, for instance, what influence income...
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...a romantic intimate relationship is considered to be single. “Unclaimed treasure”, “old maid” and “spinster” are terms that are used synonymously to refer to women who remain single throughout their lives Baumbusch (2004). There’s a number of ways in which singlehood can be viewed, some may see it a personal choice while others might believe that it’s a symptom of problematic attachment styles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss explanations for why people may adopt single lifestyles, to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these explanations and to finally support why I believe singlehood is seldom a choice but more of a response to circumstances that do not offer the opportunity for another alternative like marriage. This thought is also supported by Buambusch J. L. (2004, p 9)) when it says that none of the participants had consciously chosen single life; this is demonstrated in their short term plans in anticipation of future marriage. The theories that will be examined in this paper are the Sternberg’s typology of love and connectedness, theories of interpersonal attraction and attachment styles in intimate relationships. Psychologist Robert Sternberg (1988) created his influential triangular theory of love. He believed that different types of love (liking, infatuated love, empty love, romantic love, companionate love, fatuous love and consummate love) arise from different combinations of three basic components, namely intimacy, passion and commitment. Coon and...
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