...FUJI FILM 1 Kodak and Fuji Film BUS 302 February 2, 2013 Running head: KODAK and FUJIFILM 2 ABSTRACT Eastman Kodak Company and Fujifilm are competing corporations in the photography supply and equipment industry. When the industry changed both companies were impacted, but due to differing management practices and ability to adapt to change one Fujifilm excelled while Kodak faltered and eventually declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2012 Running head: KODAK and FUJIFILM 3 The Eastman Kodak Company, which is better known as Kodak was established in April 1880 by George Eastman in Rochester NY. The company got its start by first manufacturing dry plates for sale to various consumers. (Kodak Eastman, 2013). George Eastman was an innovator in the field of photography and was dedicated to making photography an everyday affair and was even quoted to say that he wanted to make the camera as convenient as the pencil, (Kodak Eastman, 2013) In September 2012 Kodak reorganized into three segments: Digital Printing and Enterprise (DP&E); Graphics, Entertainment, and Commercial Films (GECF); and Personalized Imaging and Document Imaging (to be sold), (Finance, 2013). Kodak has effectively ceased production of its Kodachrome color film line, digital cameras and pocket video cameras. This follows a decision in early 2012 to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd (Fujifilm) is a Japanese based company and was established in 1934 based on a government plan to establish...
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...BENCHMARKING AT XEROX Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Operations Management II Course PGDM Under the Supervision of Ms. Sanjita Jaipuria By Group R To Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management Mayurbhanj Complex, Nongthymmai, Shillong – 793 014 Nov. 2014 TABLE OF CONTENT Topics Page No. List of Figures……………………………………….................................. 5 List of Tables………………………………………................................... 6 Glossary…………………………………………………………..………. 7 Case……………………………………………………………………….. 8 Annexure 1 …………………………………………………….…………. 11 Annexure 2 ……………………………………………………………….. 12 Annexure 3………………………………………………..……………… 14 Annexure 4………………………………………………..……………… 15 Abstract We have used the Xerox methodology for benchmarking, with some slight modifications that place more emphasis on the planning and analysis phases which are thought to be more relevant to the stage of Total Quality Management. Benchmarking is defined as either internal or external, i.e. competitive, generic, or functional, and we can apply the Xerox methodology to both. We found internal benchmarking very useful initially as it enabled familiarization with the benchmarking process throughout the company and encouraged cross functional communication. It also enable people to make their benchmarking errors within the company. The external benchmarking has been mainly competitive and generic. Much of the benchmarking...
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...The case presents us with the problems that Kodak is facing because they have been complacent in maintaining their market, which paved the way for Fuji to encroach on their territories. Kodak has been on top of the market for so long that they did not expect a relative newcomer in the US market to succeed that much. Fuji has the advantage of capitalizing on the support of the Japanese government, as well as an almost monopoly in Japan, which is why Fuji can afford to lower prices in the United States market. Right now Kodak is faced with two main dilemmas, one its competition with Fuji that will become more pronounced since they both plan to enter the lucrative Chinese market, and the bigger problem that is its struggle to stay relevant despite the advent of the digital cameras. By 1998 Kodak was suffering relatively constant declining sales. The only thing that saved them financially that year so they could post a positive net income was the layoff of more than 16,000 employees. This is referenced in the financials by cutting the SG&A Expense by nearly half as compared to that of a year ago. It is mentioned in the article and unclear if the cut in SG&A also was a result of cutting marketing. If that occurred, then as mentioned in the case, it was a business mistake. The second problem with Kodak's is that it has been the industry leader for so long that it developed a collective mindset of invincibility. They did not keep strong tabs of their competitors and if they do notice...
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...Running head: KODK and FUJI FILM 1 Kodak and Fuji Film BUS 302 February 2, 2013 Running head: KODAK and FUJIFILM 2 ABSTRACT Eastman Kodak Company and Fujifilm are competing corporations in the photography supply and equipment industry. When the industry changed both companies were impacted, but due to differing management practices and ability to adapt to change one Fujifilm excelled while Kodak faltered and eventually declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2012 Running head: KODAK and FUJIFILM 3 The Eastman Kodak Company, which is better known as Kodak was established in April 1880 by George Eastman in Rochester NY. The company got its start by first manufacturing dry plates for sale to various consumers. (Kodak Eastman, 2013). George Eastman was an innovator in the field of photography and was dedicated to making photography an everyday affair and was even quoted to say that he wanted to make the camera as convenient as the pencil, (Kodak Eastman, 2013) In September 2012 Kodak reorganized into three segments: Digital Printing and Enterprise (DP&E); Graphics, Entertainment, and Commercial Films (GECF); and Personalized Imaging and Document Imaging...
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...film manufacturing industry. The new company inherited the film operations of Dainippon Celluloid Company Limited. In 1946 Natural Color Photography Co., Ltd. (name changed to Fuji Color Photo Co., Ltd., in June 1953 and subsequently transformed into Fujicolor Service Co., Ltd.), established. In February of 1962, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., established as joint venture with U.K.-based Rank Xerox Limited (currently Xerox Limited). Starting in October 1963 Fujinomiya Factory established. In 1965, the name of Fuji Color Photo Co., Ltd., changed to Fujicolor Service Co., Ltd., and marketing operations of Fuji Color Photo Co., Ltd., split o to establish Fujicolor Trading Co., Ltd. And finally in December 1965, Fuji Photo Film U.S.A., Inc. (currently FUJIFILM U.S.A., Inc.) established in New York State to comprehensively manage business in North America In 1879, London was the center of the photographic and business world. George Eastman went there to obtain a patent on his plate-coating machine. An American patent was granted the following year. In 1880, he began the commercial manufacture of dry plates. Success of this venture so impressed businessman Henry A. Strong, that he invested some money in the infant concern. On January 1, 1881, Eastman and Strong formed a partnership called the Eastman Dry Plate Company. Late that year, Eastman resigned from his position at the Rochester Savings Bank to devote all his time to the new company and its business. While actively managing all phases...
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...Culture, Leadership and Staffing at Xerox Leadership After much reorganization and movement of leadership, Anne Mulcahy took over the helm of Xerox. Anne was a popular 24-year Xerox veteran promoted to president and chief operating officer when her predecessor Thoman was fired. Anne was a straight talker. She was very decisive in her decision making and took responsibility when she made an error. So much so that analysts were astonished Anne when conceded that Xerox had ''an unsustainable business model.'' However, Mulcahy later backed away from this statement, saying that she meant only that the company needed to cut operating costs and redirect investment from money-losing to high-margin businesses. Bloomberg magazine report on June 14 2001, Anne M. Mulcahy announced that the company was killing its entire line of desktop inkjet printers--a one-year-old business that employed 1,500 people worldwide and had been championed by Mulcahy herself. Mulcahy said that effective communication was perhaps the single most important component of the company's successful turnaround strategy. she emphasized the importance of listening to customers and employees. As CEO, Mulcahy spent the first 90 days on planes traveling to various offices and listening to anyone who had a perspective on what was wrong with the company. I think if you spend as much time listening as talking, that's time well spent. "When your organization is struggling, you have to give people the sense that...
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...A Management Comparison of Kodak and Fujifilm Name: Aileen Pena-Valentin BUS302 Date: 07/21/2014 A Management Comparison of Kodak and Fujifilm The purpose of this paper is to examine compare and contrast the history, management and leadership skills of both companies, Kodak & Fujifilm. Description of the History and Core Businesses Both Kodak and Fujifilm will be examined to identify the similarities and differences in their business successes and failures. Each business will be analyzed to develop a more complete understanding of how the businesses were formed and the paths each as followed to arrive at their current market positions. Kodak Kodak began as Eastman Kodak in 1880 founded by George Eastman. He was known for his pioneering technology and innovative marketing. When George was 24 years of age he wanted to take a vacation and one of his coworkers asked him to record his trip. He bought a photographic outfit with all its paraphernalia and wet plates. The outfit was so big and cumbersome that he thought he could simplify the process. He read British magazines that explained how they were making their own gelatin emulsions to coat the plates so that they would not be wet plates. He perfected the process and began making his own gelatin emulsions and coated plates. By 1880 he invented a dry plate formula and patented a machine for preparing a large number of plates and that is how Eastman Kodak began. His company began to grow but faced collapse...
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...Kodak and Fujifilm Erin Melvin Business Management, Bus 302 Professor Fail February 1, 2014 Kodak was founded by George Eastman, a young man with a vision that wanted to make photographing and photographing printing less complicated. At age 24 he planned a trip to Santo Domingo and a co- worker suggested he record the trip, and just that he planned to do. He packed everything he would need the complete ensemble consisted of chemicals, heavy plate holder, glass tanks, and a jug of water, carrying all of this around was referred to as a pack-horse load. He never made that trip, but the process of photo emulsion struck an inventive bone in Eastman and he was determined to make the process less complicated. He devoted a lot of his spare time when he wasn’t working at the bank to photographic emulsion. He ran across an article in the British magazine that read that photographers were making their own gelatin emulsions and he embraced the process immediately. Three years later Eastman developed a process that worked. In 1880 he invented a dry plate formula and patented a machine that would produce large numbers of the plates. He then recognized the opportunity to make dry plates to sale to other photographers. By April 1880 Eastman was able to rent the third floor of a building to manufacture dry plates for sale. As time progressed so did photography and it became an everyday affair, some say that the camera was as big as the microwave. Fujifilm on the other hand...
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...Abstract Eastman Kodak Company and Fujifilm are competing corporations in the photography supply and equipment industry. When the industry changed both companies were impacted, but due to very unique management styles and ability to adapt to change one Fujifilm excelled while Kodak faltered and eventually declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2012. History of Kodak George Eastman founded Kodak, in 1888. The company’s early success was based on the new technology for cameras. The camera simplified the photo taking process (Williams, C. 2013) Kodak’s main focus was photography and imaging. They had an array of products that ranged from photography equipment, film, paper and color chemicals. In the1980’s, Kodak’s market share reached 90%. This was a very special moment in the company’s history. Kodak developed the first concept of the digital camera in 1975. Their executives could not imagine the world without traditional film; unfortunately, the idea was dropped because they feared it would threaten the company’s film business (Snyder, 2013). Digital cameras would become common; the technology started to spread and film sales dropped considerably at the late 1990’s. Kodak made a slow transition to digital technology. Unfortunately, their competitors adapted to change. This lead to Kodak’s loss of market shares both in the United States and worldwide. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. After one year of continuous battle to keep the company “alive”, the...
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...Polaroid is one of the most entirely recognized consumer brands in the world, thanks to the iconic status of its instant filming cameras. When I was reading the project description and trying to figure out which company could match most to the given task information; I suddenly remembered that it was just two years ago that I was touted the benefits of getting a loved one an old-fashioned Polaroid camera for Valentines Day. After all, the cameras only cost $30, and they're so much fun. However; today, those same cameras cost $140 in the market. I thought what has changed? The scarcity has lead to gigantic opportunistic markups. Polaroid has stopped making the cameras, and a while ago, the company announced that it would stop manufacturing instant film altogether. Yes, That is correct. Polaroid decided to lay off at least 450 people, by abandoning the product that made it famous, and breaking thousands of hearts along the way. The company’s instant camera became a part of the popular culture like no other camera before or since. Of course, the technology won't be disappearing entirely from our world since Fuji will hopefully continue to make the instant film. And soon there may be tiny digital photo printers which can achieve similar results to the old-fashioned Polaroids. They just won't make that same satisfying click and vibration. Because Polaroid’s intangible resources are coming from the patents that the company has worked on over the years on technology that they have...
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...Market In between 1996 and 1997, Kodak held almost 80 percent of the U.S market and their products was selling quite well at that time, people were willing to use their roll film and film camera, and this was the main focus of Kodak during that time. When Fujifilm joined the US market, their target strategy is pried its film just a little bit lower than Kodak’s, since they did that, their market share increased form 10% to 16%, they made a price war to Kodak as their competitive advantage. Still, many people is US preferred use Kodak rather than Fuji, but once consumer tried the Fuji film, they found it was similar products as long as they are cheaper than Kodak’s. Since Kodak should react to the price war, as as Salomon Smith Barney analyst Jonathan Rosenzweig figured that “for every 1 percent cut in Kodak film prices, a 1 percent drop in earnings per share results.” When the market is shifting form film camera to digital, what happens to Kodak? Since Kodak was failure to innovate, when the market was changing, they react themselves very slow. In 1975, Kodak electrical engineer, Steve Sasson invented the first digital camera; on the other hand, the management of Kodak decided to keep this new product, because this digital camera will influence their major products- the film. Later Sony make the digital camera but with high cost. Since the cost of the digital camera was decreasing, more people were willing to purchase digital camera and when Kodak realized the market transforming...
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...Research in Motion and Kodak Changes that both companies refused to make contributed to its downfall The two companies that my project paper will be written on will be the companies of Research in Motion (RIM) and Kodak. I’m going to be showing and explaining what industry changes that both companies had, and how they reacted, was it successful or unsuccessful, and how their reactions resulted in their success or failure. The creator of the iconic BlackBerry has fallen on hard times, mainly because of delays in bringing the long-awaited version 10 to market. Research in Motion waited to unveil the version 10 market, caused the company to take a substantial lose. Ever since Apple and Google entered the market, BlackBerry’s failings in devices have been masked by profits bolstered by sales to young people on a budget. For decades, Kodak was the rock solid standard in photography and as the 131-year old company files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Kodak moments" may be all that's left of what was once one of the most powerful companies in the world. Kodak can't compete let alone survive in this new world. The only thing keeping them alive is a trove of 11,000 patents, and even those don't seem to be piquing anyone's interest. Now the company is in the midst of a massive layoff of about 5,000 employees in an effort to help save about $1 billion by the end of fiscal 2013. I’m going to compare the two companies how they are refusing to change with the world, as the...
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...Kodak vs. Fujifilm Me Professor Swinney Strayer University January 19, 2014 Abstract I began writing to show how business can quickly go out of business, if the owners do not keep an eye on its public. Kodak failed to meet its customer’s needs, so the company could not keep up with demand. I have gone shopping and found myself searching for an item I have seen advertised in another store. Only to be told that the item is out of stock or the store does not carry that product. This is what happens when supply does not keep up with demand. The company goes under, under the strain of their competitor’s pro activeness. Kodak needed to make changes sooner rather than later when their management made decisions that could help or hurt Kodak. Fuji constantly made changes and made the necessary changes to meet their customer’s needs. As a business owner being able to reach and understand each customer will help in sells so profits will rise. Many people continue to shop where products are cheap and convenient. Staying in business is like knowing and meeting different people with different wants and needs and then helping them with finding an inexpensive means of finding them. That is the nature of business and a way to keep a customer satisfied. Building a relationship with customers is the most important aspect in business. If the business does not speak directly to its customer’s...
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...The structure of the joint venture between Xerox Corporation and Fuji Xerox became an issue in the beginning of the 90´s. The growth of the competence from Canon, Richoh and Minolta in the low-end copiers and Kodak and IBM in the high-end has led them to lose market share. The growth of the Asian and South Pacific Market as well as the necessity of Fuji Xerox to be more independent becomes a challenge for the managers of the Xerox Group. We need to find the best practices in product designs, manufacturing, and management ideas to continue this synergy and fight against the growing competence. To understand our situation in this case we most analyze how Fuji Xerox became important for Xerox Corporation. In the beginning of the 60´s Fuji Xerox started as a reseller for xerographic products in Japan and Fuji Photo Film was the manufacturer it was a 50/50 joint venture between FX and RX this last one with 50% of profits. Xerox Corporation itself was to have no direct relationship with FX. This relation changes when FX started to develop their own manufacturing capabilities, XC leave them a small budget of R&D and FX Start to create their own models. However competition takes a place in the Japanese market and to counteract it FX launched the “Total Quality Control Program” (TQC) by looking in the customer needs (reduction of costs, elimination of waste and new technologies) they introduce to the market the FX3500 at half price of any comparable, with half number of parts....
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