...SL Chemistry Name______________________________________________ IB Guide to Writing Lab Reports Standard and Higher Level Chemistry 2010-2011 Table of Contents page 1 Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints page 2 - 13 IB Laboratory Evaluation Rubric page 14 - 15 Formal Lab Report Format page 16 Error Analysis Types of Experimental Errors page 17 Error Analysis: Some Key Ideas page 18 Precision and Accuracy in Measurements A Tale of Four Cylinders Assessment of Errors and Uncertainties in IB Lab Reports Explaining Terms and Concepts in Error Analysis page 19 - 20 page 21 Mathematics of Evaluating Accuracy and Precision page 26 - 27 Rejection of Data page 28 More Examples of Propagating Error page 29 - 31 page 22 - 25 Typical Instrumental Uncertainties page 32 Checklist for Writing IB Lab Reports page 33 - 34 Please read carefully and keep this handy reference for future use in writing exemplary lab reports. Page 1 IB Guide to Writing Laboratory Reports Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints The nature of science is to investigate the world around you. An inquiring mind is essential to science. Experiments are designed by curious minds to gain insight into wonder-producing phenomena. Hopefully, this process of designing experiments, doing experiments, thinking about experimental results, and writing lab reports will tremendously benefit YOU! IB Chemistry is the challenge...
Words: 11919 - Pages: 48
...identify relationships among the study variables accurately and examine the effects of one variable on another. One can say as an example for a new technique of how to obtain blood cultures with the decrease risk of contamination. The researcher will assign two groups of laboratory technicians for twenty four hours. One of the group will clean the top of the blood culture bottle with alcohol wipes just before attaching the bottle to the vacutainer. While the other group will not clean the top of the bottle...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Raj Nathwani Chemistry 201 Laboratory 2: Density Measurement Introduction: The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to introduce basic laboratory measurements, with a specific emphasis on the units of mass and volume. Familiarization with measuring mass and volume, and calculating density from the results will also be executed. The overall goal of the laboratory is for the student to be able to draw conclusions on the relation between the position of metals on the periodic table and their respective densities. Density, or the degree of compactness of a substance, can be easily measured through the ratio of the mass of a substance divided by the volume of that substance. Since mass and volume can be easily measured for solids, liquids, and gases, the density of a substance can be easily defined. Since gases have a smaller density than solids and liquids, they are measured by grams/liter, whereas the former is reported by grams/milliliter or grams/cubic centimeter. In this laboratory exercise, one will measure density in two ways; through density displacement and through direct measurement. We first calculate densities of different metals, such as iron, copper, magnesium, lead and zinc in different forms, such as beads, chips, plates and pieces, by measuring their gross masses and net volumes. In addition, densities were calculated through direct measurement of the masses and volumes of two substances; an iron chip and a copper bead. Finally, the densities...
Words: 1732 - Pages: 7
...liquid. Molecular biologists use very small volumes of liquid at times they are as small as 0.1 µL, in order to do these measurements the use micropipettes. The function of the micropipettes is to act as a plunger when the depressed by the thumb and by its release liquid is drawn into a disposable plastic tip. The liquid is released when the plunger is pressed again (The University of QueensLand). The tip is an important part of the micropipette, each tip is disposable and come in different sizes depending of the micropipette being used. There is three standard micropipettes, the P20 which measures 0.5-20μL, P200 that measures 20-200 μL, and P1000 that measures 100 μL to 1 mL. An important part of this laboratory was learning how to read the meniscus curve. A meniscus is a curve that is formed at the surface of a molecular substance, such as water, when it touches another material (USGS). Meniscus is caused by adhesion, a result of water’s high surface tension. The glass beaker attracts water molecules, and water molecules stay together, as a result many molecules gather to touch the glass. They will accumulate along the sides as far as the water’s cohesive forces allow them and until gravity prevents them to move further. In order to read the true volume of the liquid it is essential the center of the liquid in the lube. The main purpose of this laboratory experiment was to acquire the skills needed for future experiments. These skills included how to use pipettes, pipettors...
Words: 886 - Pages: 4
...the same area were examined. Two different species from Stony Brook University campus were identified and examined for primary growth comparison. Both species are located within 1,039 acres of each other. A scarlet oak tree branch was examined in the laboratory and a dogwood tree was...
Words: 957 - Pages: 4
...Forensic science is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation of modern pathology by studying changes that occurred in the structure of the body as the result of disease.[11]. In Warwick in 1816, a farm labourer...
Words: 3403 - Pages: 14
...assessment of product quality, determination of nutritive value, detection of adulteration, research and development. The lectures will cover the basic principles of analytical procedures and techniques commonly used to provide information about the chemical composition, structure and physical properties of food materials. The aim of the laboratory classes is to give students experience in performing food analysis experiments, analyzing data and reporting their findings. In addition, students are expected to work in teams on a special project where they will identify and critically assess the most appropriate analytical methods for analyzing the properties of a particular food product. [4 Credits]. Textbooks * Introduction to Food Analysis. S.S. Nielsen, 1998. Aspen Publishers - The best general overview of food analysis techniques currently available. (Required). * Food Analysis: Theory and Practice. Y. Pomeranz and C.E. Meloan, Chapman and Hall - General overview of food analysis techniques (Useful) * Food Analysis: Principles and Techniques. D.W. Gruenwedel and J.R. Whitaker, Marcel Dekker - General overview of food analysis techniques (Useful) * Analytical Chemistry of Foods. C.S. James, Blackie Academic and Professional - General overview of food analysis techniques (Useful) * Official Methods Of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists - Officially recognized methods of analysis for many food components (Very Useful - Available in my office)...
Words: 51437 - Pages: 206
...Name: Choong Mel June Group: RBS2 – Group 1 Subject: BABS 2223 Principles of Biotechnology Date: 15 May 2014 Title: Basic Laboratory Techniques – Part I: Basic Laboratory Techniques: Pipetting Objectives: 1. To learn which pipettes are used for desired volumes. 2. To learn correct procedures for measurement and transfer of liquids. 3. To become familiar with the appearance of certain volumes in pipet tips. Introduction: Micropipettes are equipment used to transfer and measure very small amounts of liquid as low as 0.003 ounce (0.1 millilitres) in laboratory. Standard micropipettes used in laboratory settings feature a few basic parts including an adjustment dial and a plunger button. Normally, micropipettes are consisting several of components, such as volume adjustment dial and a digital volume indicator. These pipettes also get used to different types of disposable tips at the end of a shaft which is one part of special of micropipettes. Liquids are drawn into the disposable plastic tips fitted at the end of micropipette shafts instead of into the shafts themselves. There are 2 main buttons found on micropipettes, which are the plunger button and the tip ejector button. The pipette will immediately release the disposable tip at the end of the device by pushing the ejector button. Most of plungers of micropipette are designed to stop at two different positions. Pipette will draw the desired volume of liquid up into its disposable...
Words: 3292 - Pages: 14
...not received any anticoagulation medications and proper technique is followed, hemostasis can be achieved for venous sheaths smaller than 9F in about 5 minutes. For arterial sheaths of 4F or 5F, hemostasis may be achieved in less than 10 minutes; for 6F to 8F, 10–15 minutes of manual compression is generally sufficient. If arterial sheaths of 9F or greater are used, compression time will need to be adjusted accordingly (Watson, & Gorski, 2011). Problems associated with manual pressure for hemostasis include poor technique such as staff fatigue, inconsistent pressure, and tendency to carpal tunnel syndrome related to hand and wrist strain. Alternative use of C-clamps or FemoStop can relieve the manual strain associated with holding the femoral site for extended lengths of time (Watson, & Gorski, 2011). Nursing management Cardiac catheterization has evolved into an outpatient procedure that has vital implications for nursing...
Words: 1041 - Pages: 5
...Aim This practice has as objective learn the flow injection analysis technique (FIA) and determine the filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) in Yarra River’s water samples in order to assess the trophic status of the Yarra River’s sites. Methods A phosphate calibration curve was made from a stock solution provided. The samples and the QC solution was measured using the FIA technique and the FRP was obtained using the peak height from the samples. The QC solution was diluted 2:5. Sample Calculations x= y-0.29781.137 equation 1 % relative error=|x-x||x| (equation 2) x= Measured value of QC and x = Known value of QC Results Calibration curve Sample | Peak | FRP | Mean | SD | %RSD | | Height | (µg/L) | | | | | 85.8 | 75.2 | | | | Dight Falls | 85.0 | 74.5 | 74.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 | | 85.5 | 74.9 | | | | | 37.0 | 32.3 | | | | Chirnside | 37.0 | 32.3 | 32.0 | 0.5 | 2 | | 36.0 | 31.4 | | | | | 27.5 | 23.9 | | | | Unknow | 27.3 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 | | 27.0 | 23.5 | | | | | 35.5 | 31.0 | | | | QA | 36.0 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 0.4 | 1 | | 36.5 | 31.8 | | | | Table 1: Peak Height, FRP and statistics of the samples and QA. Questions 7.1 The QC has a concentration of 100 µg/L, but it was diluted in a 2:5 ratio for the measurements, so the expected QC concentration was 40 µg/L. The found value for the QC concentration using the FIA is 31.4 ± 0.4 µg/L. The % relative error...
Words: 596 - Pages: 3
...Calculations and Practical Techniques in Health Care August 2007 © COLEG Calculations and Practical Techniques in Health Care F0K9 34 Acknowledgements No extract from any source held under copyright by any individual or organisation has been included in this publication. © COLEG – Material developed by Cardonald College. This publication is licensed for use by Scotland’s colleges as commissioned materials under the terms and conditions of COLEG’s Intellectual Property Rights document, September 2004. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior written consent of COLEG and SQA. © COLEG 2 Calculations and Practical Techniques in Health Care F0K9 34 Contents Section 1: Introduction to this teaching pack Information about the HNC Health Care Group Award Information about this Unit Why the packs have been written How the pack is organised How to use the pack Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF) and the HNC Health Care Section 2: Session Plans Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Week 16 Introduction / Mentor / Holistic care / Models Roper-Logan-Tierney Model / Safe practice in placement Respiration / Peak flow / Oxygen saturations Blood pressure / Pulse / Temperature Height / Weight / Body Mass Index / Fluid balance Specimen collection/ Urine testing Explanation of Skills Booklet Calculations between different units of measurement Calculating decimals...
Words: 22521 - Pages: 91
...Florida CHM 2046L Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory (1 Credit) Course Syllabus Graduate Laboratory Instructor: Office: Phone: E-mail: Office Hours: | Instructor: Dr. Cherie YestrebskyOffice: CH 325Phone: 407-823-2135E-mail: cherie.yestrebsky@ucf.edu | University Course Catalog Description Illustration of chemical principles and introduction to the techniques of inorganic and physical chemistry. Course Overview The Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory course is designed to give students an insight into the processes of experimental chemistry. The course provides a series of authentic, challenging, and relevant questions which students seek to answer through experimentation in a safe environment. Lab techniques like titration, spectroscopy, dilution, and measurement will be incorporated with critical thinking exercises to enhance the learning process and improve comprehension of fundamental concepts. An introduction to writing within the science discipline will be addressed each week. Course Objectives At the end of the semester, students will be able to: * Keep safety the first priority while working in the laboratory * Design a procedure to answer a key question * Model how writing is used in a variety of chemistry genres * Experiment with glassware & equipment in alignment with their intended function * Develop stronger critical thinking skills * Use laboratory terminology/vocabulary in text and oral communication ...
Words: 1506 - Pages: 7
...CHEM 5 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Outline. 55labout.doc 02/06/05 Objectives: • development of quantitative laboratory skills • introduction to modern analytical science • Approach: • solve a series of chemical analysis problems with various techniques and instruments • certify laboratory instruments and standards • maintain laboratory records in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice Guidelines Schedule: Weeks 1-6 - Perform a Basic Set of 8 fundamental experiments (Series A) Weeks 5-15 Two parallel activities will be sustained: - Perform a series of quantitative studies (Series B) - Calibration of laboratory instruments (Each student or student group will perform each experiment in the B-series.) (Each student or student group will perform the calibration of laboratory instruments __________________________________________________________________ Series A. Basic Quantitative Techniques Introductory Experiments (A-1) Experiment 1 Use of the Analytical Balance (page 727) (A-2) Experiment 2 Use of the Pipet and Buret and Statistical Analysis (page 729) Gravimetric Analysis (A-3) Experiment 3 Gravimetric Determination of Chloride (page 730) Volumetric Analysis Acid-Base Titrations Neutralization Titrations (A-4) Experiment 6 Determination of Replaceable Hydrogen in Acid by Titration with Sodium Hydroxide (page 736) (A-5) Experiment...
Words: 606 - Pages: 3
...psychology; b) Understanding research methods is a difficult subject for most students; c) Research methods are often quickly forgotten; d) Several topics relevant to I/0 psychology may not have been covered in previous courses. After studying the material in this chapter the student should be able to: 1. Understand and describe the characteristics of a good research question. 2. Explain each of the major concepts of research design including: variables, setting, generalizability, control, confounding, random assignment, and random selection. 3. Explain what a research design is; Describe different types of research designs as well as list their advantages and disadvantages. 4. Define the basic concepts of measurement. 5. List and describe the types of reliability. 6. Discuss the different ways of assessing validity. 7. Define basic concepts of descriptive statistics. 8. Explain the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 9. Explain basic concepts in inferential statistics, especially statistical significance. 10. Report the nature and purpose of meta-analysis. 11. Explain what mediator and moderator variables are; explain the complex relationships they assess. 12. Understand the major principles of research ethics. TESTBANK Multiple Choice Questions 1. The foundation of both the science and practice sides of I/O psychology is a. Generalizability. b. Research. c. Training...
Words: 4511 - Pages: 19
...Define psychology: Psychology involves the study of human and behavior, experiences and the mind. Psychology can be implemented using slews of techniques and is analyzed from different positions. Psychology has had a dynamic history; it has evolved over decades and has grown into a dependable science. More former understandings of the philosophies and ideas played a prominent role by outlining contemporary concepts. “Psychology has a long past, but only a short history.”(Ebbinhuas, 1973) Wilhem Wundt’s’ work was the blueprint of modern psychology in 1879; he instituted the laboratory dedicated to psychology in Leipzig, Germany. Wundt had a particular interest about human behavior, emotions. His techniques had special emphasis on experimental evidence that endorsed explanatory theory. Today psychology is thought of as the scientific study of human behavior and mental process. However, this was not always the case. The soul of man was the leading interest of philosophers’, followed by the mind and conscious experience, and finally observable behavior. Problems arouse with the affiliation of body and soul. It remained unsolved by philosophers because it was founded on delusive dualism and involved a separate study of physical and spiritual development. Afterwards, the spiritual panorama was supplanted by a broader word “mind”. Modern psychology is disinterested in the study of mind, rather, the mental processes have deputized mind. The “mind approach” in psychology was rejected...
Words: 458 - Pages: 2
