... "Language is the armoury of the human mind and at once contains the trophies of its past and the weapons of its future conquests." Coleridge Language is the linear expression of ideas. It is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfil our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. The science dealing with it is linguistics. Behaviourists like Ormrod define it as a learned behaviour involving a stimulus and a response. Language is so familiar to us that it is difficult to see how we can indulge in language planning. Most of the time we use language simply as a means of conveying our thoughts and feelings and wishes or concealing them as the case may be. But due to multiple factors like different dialects and absolute differences in language pertaining to different...
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...The East India Company and Perceptions of Indian Culture Throughout the 16th century, the Indian Ocean was filled with lucrative trade. Incredible amounts of capital and resources were exchanged all throughout the Indian Ocean from the Middle East to the shores of Japan. At the heart of all this trade stood the Indian subcontinent, whose merchants and monarchs accumulated vast amounts of wealth by taking advantage of their geographic position relative to the international market. Although the larger dynasties of Europe had learned of the vast material wealth of Asia through the travels of Marco Polo and other European explorers as early as the 14th century, it wasn’t until the 1600s that the first legitimate European trading companies set up shop in the east to bring Asiatic commodities to the European continent at a large scale. The first of said companies, the British East India Company, created under Elizabeth I of England, would bring not only great wealth, but also eventual colonization to the people of the India. The British East India Company arrived in the Indian subcontinent with purely economic goals. The merchants in the company adapted to Indian culture extremely well, quickly making friends with the monarchs of different Indian states, adopting and practicing Indian religions, marrying Indian women, and learning the vernacular languages of the continent so that they could seamlessly blend into the already thriving market. As English influence in the Indian economy...
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...period A Passage to India Julia Penelope, a linguist once said, “Language forces us to perceive the world as man presents it to us.” For humans to try and understand what is going on in the world, and communicate; we created language. But there is a flaw in language. Language describes the world in a way that is restricting by the words we give it. Not all things can be described and interpreted in the exact manner they are supposed to be. Many things cannot be described and are beyond language, leaving no words to properly explain some events. In order to talk to someone and communicate thoughts, language is needed, which can be restricted by words. Two different cultures see the world by the language they know. Language restricts us to only words, which might have limited meaning, and may diminish the meaning of people’s thoughts. People can also choose the wrong words to describe their situation, and miscommunications arise. Miscommunications are bound to happen with any language. Not everyone understands the full breath of their language and even if they do, there are things beyond words that are indescribable. Language can create obstacles, even obscure a person’s thoughts and desires. Language makes us feel better because we can put words to something. Not being able to put words to something makes us feel incomplete. Not all meaning can be put to words, and not all language is meaningful. In A Passage to India the characters are restricted by language. This leads to misunderstanding...
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...It is not surprising that there should be so much confusion and conflict over the issue of language. It is assumed that it is single problem with a unique solution. One group argues that English language owes its position to British imperialism and that it is inconsistent with national self-respect to continue to use it to the exclusion of our beautiful regional languages. A second group contents that, whatever the evils of British imperialism, English has helped Indian nationalism to achieve freedom; that it has been the vehicle of higher education, technology and scientific research and that it has been the invaluable link for forging the unity of India and any attempt to discard it will result in a breakdown of our educational system and take the country back by two centuries in all aspects of modern life A third group is convinced that as all regional languages of India arc well developed and have worth literatures, all of them should have equal status. There is a lot of confused thinking going on in India today over the problem of finding a universally acceptable link language for the country. The debate on the subject rages 'ad infinitum' in all available forums like the parliament, the press, the platform etc; but none of the many points of view being put forward every day appears to be gaining acceptance. That is so mainly because most of the thinking on the subject is super-charged with emotion and the issues involved have been greatly clouded by the import of prejudices...
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...India Introduction India is located in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. It is the world's seventh largest country and second only to China in terms of population. India has long been a country plagued with poverty, but is now building itself and its economy. It is accomplishing this with new entries into the world market and a different outlook on economics. The future of India is uncertain for the moment, but the opportunity for growth and prosperity is most assuredly present. It will take time for India to emerge as a nation free from its problems, but is plausible with international trade. India’s Culture and Its Economic Implications India is certainly a country that is rich in history and culture. India acquired its independence from Britain on August 15th in 1947. Unlike the American and French revolutions, the Indian revolution was one of peace and temperament. The diversity that now exists within the borders of India is evident in the colorful mix of languages, ethnicity, and religious beliefs. As a throwback to the era of British rule, English is most important language for national, political, and commercial communication. However, Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of people. There is also a blend of several other languages that are spoken throughout India such as Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi,...
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...(D2) I will be evaluating some problems which Cadburys have face in regards to cultural differences. I will be looking at a number of problems and issues which Cadburys have faced when going to do business in India for instance their belief systems, language, environmental systems and so on. Language When Cadburys enters India, they must make sure that at least one of Cadburys representatives must know Hindi (India’s common language). even though the most common language used in the world of international business is English, India have an incredibly low command of the English language, so it becomes very helpful when there’s a member of staff that speaks the language. It’s in Cadburys best interest to attain the best deals, create agreements and form negotiations and without a common language this can become very difficult and result to mislead information and translators are very costly. When operating in India, language could also be incorporated with the human resource sector of business. The language amongst management and employees needs to be the same no matter if it’s transferring staff or local staff, or else human resources activities will not be able to function at all. It is also crucial that Cadburys label there goods in a local language and also a description in a local language, ingredients etc. all have to be in a the local language. Belief Systems Religion can have a major impact on the way Cadburys operate in India in a number of ways. First, religion...
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...international facility in three countries: Mexico, Scotland and India. Then moved product development, sales and distribution to other countries. Such as Australia, Brazil France, India Israel and Hong Kong. The company takes employees: expatriates, and places them within those countries to run their engineering operations abroad. Tex Mark also has developed a training program for these expatriate, like pre-departure activities, in-country training and development and repatriation. However, this program has not give the Tex-Mark the value of expectation Eric Christopher, Associate Director for Globe HR development at Tex-Mark. He had graduated from Churchill high school and Baylor University in Waco, Texas with a major in History and Spanish. He had spent his time to backpack around Europe and South America then had four years experiences worked in Southwest Airlines. Eric has much experience with languages, as he is proficient in Spanish, French, Italian, German and a little bit of Cantonese as well. Fred Bank, a Dell engineer that had stayed on with Tex-Mark after the spin-off in 1978. He had three assignments: the first one is in Scotland in 1983, the second is in Mexico in 1989 then the third one is in 1999 in India. However, he only made the first assignment to be successful. In the period in Mexico there were many unavoidable economic uncertainties made the assignment did not go very smoothly. The last one, in India, an 18 months assignment had turn into 3 years assignment...
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...National integration is the awareness of a common identity amongst the citizens of a country. It means that though we belong to different castes, religions and regions and speak different languages we recognize the fact that we are all one. This kind of integration is very important in the building of a strong and prosperous nation. India is a country with innumerable diversities, an entity composed of many communities, races classes, languages and subcultures. In any such nation, there are many obstacles to the achievement of national integration. In India the following hindrances are obstructing the growth of national feeling, casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc. 1. Casteism: Caste is an imported part of our social fabric. This was developed in the past on the basis of division of labour in the society. But now casteism has segregated the society. Unity and integrity has become a dream in a caste ridden society. The feeling of socially neglected scheduled castes under the suppression of upper caste ruined the sense of we feeling and unity. It becomes a problem for national integration. 2. Communalism: Religions antagonism has posed a i serious challenge to national integration in India. India is a multi- religious land. Political manipulation has projected one religion against the other which resulted in communal riot, bloodbath, mutual, distrust and disintegration of the country...
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...Language plays an important role in human life. Out of all the languages in the world, English is considered as the international language. Foreign language like a foreign plant grows with difficulty on the native soil. That is why the learning of the mother tongue is the labor of love whereas the learning of a foreign language is the love of labor ; one gives hot house existence, another breathes spring time atmosphere. A foreign language is like the step-mother whose frowns and rebukes one has to bear in spite of one's feelings. On the other hand mother tongue is like our own mother who nurses us into intellectually developed persons. English is a global language and proficiency in it is a must to succeed in a globalized world. British brought with them their language English to India and its global Nature has made it the lingua franca of India- a country with diverse regional Languages. English is a language which is acceptable all over India be it all Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Guajarati, Marathi, Bengali because all speak English along with their own mother tongue. Not only in India, but also when you go abroad this is a language most commonly used. In the world of globalization, countries like China, Japan and Russia, who have passionately sustained and promoted their own language, have today accepted the importance of English language. No country as a matter of fact shall be able to survive without the knowledge of English today. In India, English has become a...
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...Proposal for merging 29 states into five regions -Shrey Saxena (2015050) Section-A I am against the proposal for dividing India into five regions. India is a huge country with hundreds of villages, languages, cultures etc. Combining a country such complicated into five regions will definitely create problems on multiple levels. The administrative divisions in India are districts, talukas, blocks and then villages. This is followed in every state of India. Such a complicated hierarchy is already difficult to manage when the number of states are twenty nine, therefore the complicacy of this system will become three-fold when these twenty nine states are combined to form five regions because each state will have just one Chief Minister, so that person would now be responsible for the administration of almost 6 times the area he administers today. It would be similar to what Pakistan is facing right now, which created four provinces out of twenty six and it is facing same situation today. This would escalate to having problems in maintenance of law and order in the region. All states in India, today, have an official language. Same would be the case when the given proposal is accepted. When five regions are formed, there would be several languages being spoken in the same region. Choosing one language over others as official language will create conflict in different communities similar to that Tamil and Sinhalese communities in Sri Lanka. This is why the concept of linguistic...
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...live media about the intolerance in India. This was followed by the mass turning back of the state awards received by actors, writers and scientists. This delicate issue of intolerance in India which had been long dwelled upon, was followed also by a number of academics in India and abroad issuing a statements against the rising “intolerance and bigotry”. The controversial statements of Aamir Khan also sparked other religion issues such as the banning of cow meat in Maharashtra, killings of MM Kalburgi and Govind Pansare. These events were unjustly credited to Modi’s BJP rule as all the events took place under Narendra Modi’s reign as Prime Minister of India. Although many believe the rising intolerance is to be blamed on Modi, several others contradict the claim by insisting that the country has not become intolerant suddenly under the Narendra Modi led BJP government. Mr. Modi addressed this issue directly, when on a visit to the UK, the Indian Prime Minister said to the crowd: “Any event in any corner of India - it doesn't matter if there are even one or two incidents - we will not tolerate it and the law will deal with it strictly It does not matter whether such an incident is significant for a country of 125 crore people. For us, every incident is serious." Mr. Modi being known for addressing issues directly and efficiently made a statement for all the critics who believed that Mr. Modis BJP was leaning towards an intolerant India. Although Mr. Modi made a strong statement...
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...Background Information of India India is a country located in South Asia with a total area of 3,287,263 square km. It has a total population of 1.241 billion. Hindi is the official language of the country with 14 other official regional languages. However, English has become the second language and often used in business. New Delhi is the capital city of the country. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for India is $1,592. Population growth in India is decreasing, however, it is predicted that its population will reach 1.4 billion by 2025. Life expectancy in India has also increased from 66 years old for men and 71 years old for women. However, the population is still living in rural area with almost 60% of the population living in slumps and villages. However, the shift from rural to urban is also increasing. Literacy rates in India have surged to 74.04%. With a GDP per capita (PPP) of $3,649.53, the economy of India is made up of agriculture, mining, industry, construction and services. Services are the major economic driver for India and the best-performing. The biggest and most crucial market for India is U.S for IT. PESTE Factors 1. Political Factors * Stability of Government India is a federal republic with 28 states and seven union territories with Mr Pranab Mukherjee being the president of India since he was elected in July 2012. As of today, there are 13 political organizations with Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In...
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...Coca-Cola in India 1. We can count many aspects of U.S. culture and Indian culture which can cause difficulties in Coca- Cola India. The first big problem is the problem of communication between India and the United States , the language . They have difficulty understanding some points, which distorts communication. The United States and India have different expressions which causes misunderstandings of language. Another problem concerns the laws of the United States and India. Both countries do not have exactly the same laws in this area , which can cause disputes and difficulties . Values, philosophy, way of working, way of thinking, doing business are not at all the same in both countries . 2. Coca-Cola can say that they undertake to check their water they use to make the Coca immediately. They undertake to ensure that there are no pesticides and the water is safe. Coca has established a system of rainwater, there will be no more problems with pesticides because it will only rain water. All other companies could undergo the same checks. 3. Coca-Cola should change its advertising in India and adapt to local tastes. Culture and Indian flavors are different, Coca-Cola has to make changes at this level. Pepsi, Coca direct competitor to successfully entered the local market by adapting and practicing a lot of action of social responsibility (construction of wells to reduce water wastage ...). Coca should also do. 4. Big companies like coca-cola...
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... 9 7. References 10 1. Introduction India is one of the largest countries in the world. It is becoming a lucrative market for processed food imports, popular because of a growing population of 1.2billon. New Zealand exporters have found the biggest market potential is for processed foods such as milk and dairy, coffee and carbonated drinks, and seafood. Fonterra have invested in India and want to keep sustainable development. India is also the one of the world's largest agricultural producers with a large farming industry. Its GDP was calculated to be US $2,010 billion in 2012 and to grow at 7 to 8percent per annum. There has been a specific increase in purchasing power among the cities. Indian packaged food trade was US$25.4 billion in 2011 and it was hoped to reach US$35 billion by 2016, with the highest value segments (dairy, bakery and oil) (India Online, 2013). India’s consumers have become more health conscious, more and more people are concerned with heart disease and diabetes. This influences their purchasing decisions. The New Zealand-India Free Trade Agreement currently being negotiated to reduce tariffs (India Online, 2013). India’s importance is growing for New Zealand. New Zealand export for food and beverages to India was NZ$178 million in 2010, and had a 106 percent increase from 2009. The dominant export product was Dairy products, including butter, milk and cream (India Online, 2013). According to compound average growth rates, the...
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...1. Introduction In ancient times, whenever a problem arisen, elderly where trusted to find a solution that others could rely on. Than as civilization flourished and society grew, complex problems arose and conflicting views increased. Thus, a system with defined hierarchy was put in place. Tools and techniques were added to quantify and give precise results. Then, came the quality, where figures let alone, where not able to justify the wholesome result. Through constant additions and evolution of the basic system, comes research. Not just to solve problems but also get results, feedback and improvisation for further growth and its implications and to a certain extent avoid potential issues. “Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose” - Zora Neale Hurston In layman’s terms, Action research is to find a stone in shoe and intervene to remove the shoe, and perhaps adapt to a new path to avoid further stones. Action research is usually undertaken in schools, academic institutions and learning centres. “Action research is a process of systematic inquiry that seeks to improve social issues affecting the lives of everyday people” (Hine, G. S. C., 2013; Bogdan & Bilken, 1992; Lewin, 1938; 1946; Stringer, 2008). The first step to conduct action research is Needs Analysis/ Preliminary research for the stone in my shoe. It is done to confirm that there is a need, whether of correction, change or improvement, comes in later step. I...
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