...Research Paper Wireless Electricity Imagine the following scenario unfolding. Nick has had a long day at work on Friday and is ready to go home. The whole twenty minute drive home all he can think about is how excited he is to take his family on a weekend trip to the beach. As he pulls into his driveway, he notices that the front light isn’t on like usual, but the fact is quickly lost in his mind as a thousand other thoughts are clamoring for his attention. Just as he steps through the threshold of the door, his phone goes off. It’s his wife. Something’s come up, their daughter isn’t feeling well. She tells Nick that they are at the local hospital and is about to tell him to pick something important up at the pharmacy when his phone dies. Panic sets in. The first thought that leaps into his head is what happened to his daughter. The second is what is he supposed to get to help her. After a couple minutes of searching around his house for a charger, Nick is finally able to call his wife back and discover that he was supposed to pick up the allergy medicine his daughter needs. While this situation may seem a bit more dramatic than a normal situation, dead cellphone batteries, and any battery for that matter, are becoming a familiar headache in a wireless world. But what if this headache had a cure? Imagine that instead of Nick’s phone dying once he got home, it started instantly charging once he entered his house. No cord or cable needed, just wireless...
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...Fibre Laser Cutting Introduction In the Fibre Laser Cutting experiment we were faced with a High Power Laser and required to design a series of experiments to determine how certain parameters affect laser cutting Aim To gain a basic understanding of the operation of High Power Class 4 Industrial Lasers in regards to the cutting of sheet metal, and how varying parameters affects the cuts finish. Objectives 1. Learn basic components of a high power (Class 4) laser system and the basic safety issues involved 2. Learn principles and characteristics of laser cutting 3. Design and perform an experiment to investigate how three process parameters; Laser power, Type of gas and gas flow rate affect cut quality by the analysis of samples 4. Learn basic procedure of sample preparation and analysis using an optical microscope and digital camera system for the examination of the samples 5. Reach evidence based conclusion as to how the three varied process parameters affect laser cut quality Background Information and Safety Procedures A Laser is a device the emits light through a process of optical amplification, this is generated by transitions between high and low energy states in atoms, ions and molecules (species) through various media in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A Laser works on the principle of light amplification where stimulated emission causes a photon to collide with another...
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...I felt was the most credible was CNN. First, CNN allowed more broadcast time for their segments compared to MSNBC. CNN’s broadcasts seemed more detailed than MSNBC’S broadcasts which gave me a better insight into the story line. I compared three different stories between the two news channels. I say the stories listed below were credible even though I did not agree with some of the words used by the news reporters. For instance, the story on CNN about the laser lights, the news reporter used the word “stupid” several times. He should have chosen a better word to use or should have just omitted the word entirely. The story about Ethan Couch the news reporter used words such as “slap on the wrist”, “money influence”, and “cushy, I don’t care family”. The stories I compared were: 1. Details of “Affluenza” Trial – The trial of 16 year old Ethan Couch accused of killing four people in a DWI case. 2. Jet Blue Pilot Blinded by Laser Light – The ongoing stories about pilots blinded by red and green laser lights. 3. Bombshell Report on Missing Man – The story about Robert Levinson gone missing and working...
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...TERM PAPER LASER, ACTION, EINSTEIN THEORY OF LASER, TYPES, APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY & MEDICAL FIELD SUBJECT: CURRENT, ELECTRICITY & MODERN PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE: PHY-113 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. AMRITA SAXENA SUBMITTED BY: JAGDEEP SINGH SECTION: C7802 ROLL No.:RC7802A21 REG. No.: 10804440 CONTENTS • Acknowledgement • Introduction • Laser action • Einstein theory of laser • Types of lasers 1. Based on energy level 2. Based on the material used • Applications • Recent discoveries • Recent applications • References ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For the completion of this term paper I would like to acknowledge my respected teacher Dr .AMRITA SAXENA who was always worthily helpful to help me in my queries in different aspects. I would also like acknowledge my friends who helped me a lot in the completion f this and were always there at one call. JAGDEEP SINGH INTRODUCTION The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Light is really an electromagnetic wave. Each wave has brightness and color, and vibrates at a certain angle, so-called polarization. This is also true for laser light but it is more parallel than any other light source. Every part of the beam has (almost) the exact same direction and the beam will therefore diverge very little. With a good laser an object at a distance of 1 km (0.6 mile) can be illuminated with a dot about 60 mm (2.3 inches) in...
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...TERM PAPER LASER, ACTION, EINSTEIN THEORY OF LASER, TYPES, APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY & MEDICAL FIELD SUBJECT: CURRENT, ELECTRICITY & MODERN PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE: PHY-113 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. AMRITA SAXENA SUBMITTED BY: JAGDEEP SINGH SECTION: C7802 ROLL No.:RC7802A21 REG. No.: 10804440 CONTENTS • • • • • Acknowledgement Introduction Laser action Einstein theory of laser Types of lasers 1. Based on energy level 2. Based on the material used • • • • Applications Recent discoveries Recent applications References ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For the completion of this term paper I would like to acknowledge my respected teacher Dr .AMRITA SAXENA who was always worthily helpful to help me in my queries in different aspects. I would also like acknowledge my friends who helped me a lot in the completion f this and were always there at one call. JAGDEEP SINGH INTRODUCTION The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Light is really an electromagnetic wave. Each wave has brightness and color, and vibrates at a certain angle, so-called polarization. This is also true for laser light but it is more parallel than any other light source. Every part of the beam has (almost) the exact same direction and the beam will therefore diverge very little. With a good laser an object at a distance of 1 km (0.6 mile) can be illuminated with a dot about 60 mm (2.3 inches) in radius. As it is so parallel it can also be focused to very small...
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...Information Search: LASER (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) In 1917 a process called Stimulated Emission, this is what makes lasers possible and was thought of by Albert Einstein. Although this was thought of so early, it took another 30 years before other physicists made practical usage of this principle. Once completed, scientists were amazed at the breakthrough, however it didn’t, at the time, have any real use. Lasers is a source of light used in our everyday lives. They are very focused and accurate sources of light, thus we find them almost anywhere and help us in many different ways. They are incredibly useful in the Medical Field. They are often used in Laser Eye Surgery and Laser Ulcer Removal. They do so, because the laser beam is so intense, it burns through a tiny amount of tissue within the eye. The laser can also be used as a scalpel, which can make a small incision to reach the stomach ulcer. Lasers are also used in Compact Disk Players, CDs/DVDs/Blu Ray, Super Market Scanners, Laser Shows, Fiber Optic Cables, Cutting, Measuring Distance and much more. Clearly lasers have a major impact in our lives as advancing human beings. Atoms can get “excited” when they take in light, heat and/or electricity. Usually though atoms will remain in a “ground state” which is more stable, and will return to this state within nanoseconds. However to return to this state, the atoms must relieve themselves of the current...
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...the cost of laser eye operation The advantage of new technology has made possible to clear our vision through a corrective procedures for surgical but the laser surgery for eyes cost is very high. You may pay for more because of the advance in technology and in most of situations you won’t cover the cost for optical insurance plan. For these reason we offering you some foresight to expect that you may consider laser surgery for eyes very near . But surgical price may vary in procedure so the price will also vary depending upon where you going to get the procedure for the surgery.But it is very essential that you should do research before going to sign in a line which is dotted. You should see all the facts carefully and be sure that there will be no hidden charges very first thing is that, you planned to to do corrective surgery for eyes; you should aware of the cost of laser surgery for eyes,so firstly you should consult a professional medical and please enquire about the procedure, then choose the best one fit for your health and also check your health will allow you to do this surgery. There are some requirements for the patients to pass for the test.To correct your visible problems various surgical procudures can be performed.. LASEK,PRK,and LASIK are the most common used laser procedures. RLE(refractive lens exchange) method can be used even though this methd is not approved by FDA.Additionally some other technology options available even for laser technology...
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...About LASIK About LASIK surgery: LASIK is laser vision-correction in the blink of an eye . The ultimate solution to replacing contact lenses and spectacles. What is LASIK? LASIK stands for ‘Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis’ which means ‘ to shape the cornea within its layers with the use of the Excimer laser’. Hi-tech solution combining advanced computer technology with laser precision: LASIK is a skilled procedure that combines the state-of-the-art computer technology with advanced laser precision. While the earlier laser procedure viz PRK treated the surface of the cornea, LASIK treats the inner tissue of the cornea and restructures it in a manner which grains down myopia (minus power) and hypermetropia (plus power). LASIK Knowledge Centre: LASIK procedure -step-by-step: * First, the eye surgeon uses an instrument known as a microkeratome to make a thin flap of the outer layer of the cornea. * Then he folds back the flap, which remains attached on one side. * Next, he uses the cool laser light from the Excimer laser to ’ablate'‘ i.e. remove the pre-determined amount of tissue to reshape the cornea with great accuracy and corrects the individual's refractive error. * The cornea is made flatter to treat near-sightedness, and steeper to treat far-sightedness and/or more spherical to correct astigmatism. * Finally, after the laser is administered, he lays back the corneal flap in its original position, where it bonds itself instantly. * Due to...
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...Laser application in obstetrics and gynecology Abstract : For thelast20years,laser technology has evolved as an important tool in surgical treatment and It is widely used in gynecologyandobstetrics.Especiallyinthetreatmentofvulvarandbenignandpremalignantcervicaldysplasiasitcan be consideredasthegoldstandard.Inprenatalmedicine,lasercoagulationofplacentavesselshasbeenshowntobe superiortoanyotherintrauterinetherapyoftwin-to-twintransfusionsyndromeinmonochorionictwinpregnancies. However, not all expectations in laser technology have been fulfilled. In laparoscopy, for instance, the use of the laser has been abandoned in favor of high-frequency electric surgery. This manuscript gives a short introduction to current therapeutic applications and limits of laser technology in gynecology and obstetrics.: Introduction While the history of laser began in1951,the first medical application in dermatology was reported by Goldmanin1962 . Since then, laser technology has evolved as an important tool in surgical treatment and it is widely used in gynecology and obstetrics. Especially in the treatment of benign and premalignant vulvar and cervical dysplasias the standard treatment involves the application of laser energy . In prenatal medicine, laser coagulation of placenta vessels has shown to be superior to any other intrauter in etherapy of twin- to-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies . However ,not all expectations in laser technology have...
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...• PPE This acronym stands for Personal Protective Equipment. This term refers to the necessary equipment or goods that will ensure the safety of the individuals installing the wires and the individuals using them later for maintenance and other purposes. This equipment includes helmets, protective clothing, goggles, and other equipment or garment or that is designed for the sake of protecting the workers from injury. • Safe Work Habits The very first step that needs to be taken is to ensure that the optic fiber and copper cables that are about to be installed should comply with all the three requirements that includes the federal regulations, the international standards and the companies requirements. It is also important to wear your PPE and have the proper tools needed for the job. These are the safety rules that need to be followed with fiber optic and copper cable installation: 1. Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they can cause internal hemorrhaging 2. Wear disposable aprons to minimize fiber particles on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can later get into food, drinks, and/or be ingested by other means. 3. Always wear safety glasses with side shields and protective gloves. Treat fiber optic splinters the same as you would glass splinters. 4. Never look directly into the end of fiber cables until you are positive that there is no light source at the other end. Use a fiber optic power meter to...
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...would you use fiber instead of UTP copper? Fiber should be used instead of copper when the application requires an application speed to deliver a signal over a distance greater than 100 meters and when better security and resistance to EMI are critical operating factors. 3. In most Short-distance applications of 10-550 meters using optical fiber, multimode fiber is the preferred choice over single-mode fiber. This is because single-mode- based systems are more expensive than multimode cable, what factors lead to single-mode systems being more expensive? A total optical system includes the cable, connectors, connectivity apparatus, and electronics. Since single-mode fiber has a much smaller core size, the manufacturing tolerances of lasers, connectors, and connectivity apparatus is much tighter than multimode parts. As a result, these parts are more expensive and lead to the overall single mode system being more expensive. 4. What is the primary performance factor affecting multimode fiber transmission capability and how can you minimize this? The main performance factor affecting multimode transmission is modal dispersion. Modal dispersion can be minimized by specifying a 50 micron multimode fiber instead of a 62.5 micron fiber because 50 micron fiber transmits fewer modes and thereby has lower inherent modal dispersion. Once 50 micron fiber is specified, modal dispersion can be...
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...Definition Hologram Projector with an in-house computer system capable of feeding the projector with fully uncompressed video files. It consist of two technologies namely, the holography and the projector. Holography is a method which allows three-dimensional images to be made. It includes the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording, and suitable illumination of the recording. The image changes as the position and orientation of the viewing system changes in exactly the same way as if the object are still present, therefore making it three-dimensional. The projector that will be used in this project is a overhead projector. An overhead projector is a variation of the common slide projector that is used to display images to a group of people. II. Project Description Hologram Projector is a projector wherein it can reflect the full dimension of an image. It consists of a laser, interference, and diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording. Hologram Projector is AC operated. It projects special white light or laser light. The light produces two- and three-dimensional images. Authentic 3-D images require laser-based holographic projectors. It can be presented from different angles and can be seen in true perspective. III. Process Description To come up with the Hologram projector’s design wasn’t easy. The group had to go through several brain-storming sessions and researches to come up not only with an appropriate...
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...Introduction Increasing necessity of e-mail, Internet resources etc, offers serious security concerns. Biometrics is replacing passwords. Biometrics can be defined as recognizing and identifying a person based on physiological or behavioural characteristics. Unlike the skin, through which near-infrared light passes, deoxygenated haemoglobin in the blood flowing through the veins absorbs near-infrared rays, causing it to be visible as black regions to the scanner. Arteries and capillaries, whose blood contains oxygenated haemoglobin, which does not absorb near-infrared light, are invisible to the sensor, hence we chosen “VEINS”. Fujitsu research is the one main company which has come up with first basis of “PALM VEIN TECHNOLOGY". Reflection photography: There are two types of vein photography- 1. Reflection Reflection is more useful technique at low ambient temperatures as blood flow decreases at cool temperatures. 2. Transmission At cool temperatures transmission method provides low contrast images. Advantages: 1. Very economical. 2. Highest factor of security. 3. One time registry and usage throughout life. 4. More advantageous than other biometric techniques. Applications: 1. Managements in healthcare. 2. Operator authentication. 3. Owner authentication. 4. Attendance authentication. Pal vein authentication: Palm vein authentication uses the vascular patterns of an individual’s palm as personal identification...
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...N10/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106506 PHYSICS STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 3 Tuesday 9 November 2010 (morning) 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Candidate session number 0 0 Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer all of the questions from two of the Options in the spaces provided. At the end of the examination, indicate the letters of the Options answered in the candidate box on your cover sheet. 8810-6506 31 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2010 0131 – 2 – Option A — Sight and wave phenomena A1. This question is about the eye. (a) N10/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX State, with reference to the definitions of near point and far point, what is meant by accommodation. [3] ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... (b) Explain how accommodation is achieved by the eye. ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ...............................
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...Final examination Theory 1. Explain the dispersion of light by a transparent dielectric material. The phenomen of dispersion is connected to the fact that the refractive index is dependent on the wavelength. Due to dispersion, the light waves from a complex radiation are bent by different angles as they enter a dispersive medium and they may be visualized separately. The index of refraction of a transparent dielectric medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of an electromagnetic wave in empty space to its speed in the medium. . It is a measure of the slowing factor for light traveling in that medium The refractive index can be expressed as a function of the electric and magnetic properties of the medium . For most of the materials that are transparent to visible light and . Hence the magnetic properties have a small effect on the light propagation. When an electromagnetic wave is incident on a medium, it electrically polarizes the molecules. This changes the value of which in its turn, determines the index of refraction. The process is wavelength dependent: different wavelengths will induce different polarizations of the molecules and, as a result, and will be different. So, the index of refraction changes with wavelength: The phenomenon described above is known as the dispersion of light. Equation is the dispersion relation. For most of the materials, decreases with the wavelength (see figure1). This phenomenon is known as normal dispersion...
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