...The viceroyalty of Spain was established in the 1500’s. I got this from the Latin America and Canada book. On page 241, it says “During the 1500’s two viceroyalties were established in Latin America…” The land(s) that Viceroyalty of Spain include Mexico and Latin America. I got this from the Latin America and Canada book.On page 242 On page 242 in the map. According the encyclopedia britannica it says”....upper and lower California, the area that is now the central and southwestern portion of the United States, and territory eastward along the Gulf of Mexico to Florida.” Three things that the Viceroyalty of Spain did was they held Inca and Aztecs people as slaves. The also had missions to convert people into christianity and had Encomiendas...
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...Chattel Slavery is often considered one of the worst and most horrific forms of slavery that the world has ever seen. The Atlantic slave trade was conducted by the Portuguese, the US, Britain, and Spain, for the most part. Slaves were taken from Africa and shipped across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, Southern America, and for a small part North America. The slave trade is the origin of almost all african populations throughout North and South America. The slave trade can be seen as one massive forced migration. The amount of slaves brought to the Americas was so great that the native tribes in Africa had a low population in men, which caused polygamy to become much more popular. Chattel slavery was the most brutal form of slavery used in...
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...Geography changed Latin American culture. The triangular trade between Europe, Africa and America helped shape Latin American civilization in numerous ways. There were a variety of objects and people being passed around from civilization to civilization during this time. With all of these objects and people being passed around, the geography and civilizations of Latin America were changing rapidly. The goods, resources and slaves were the most popular objects being traded. Many of the civilizations desperately wanted the slaves. Also, smallpox affected Latin American Civilization immensely because like everything else being passed around, this factor was killing thousands of people. Diseases from domesticated animals also affected civilization because people were also being killed from that as well. Geography did play...
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...claimed land and passage ways for travel and trade. Once Europe knew about explosives, guns and canons helped Western Europe conquer other lands. During the Ming Era in China there were vast growth in population, commerce, agriculture, and expansion. Admiral Zheng He led seven major overseas expeditions. Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall were Jesuit scholars that showed Chinese scholars Christian...
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...Terrin Chacko HIST 1013.09 10/28/2012 Chapter 9 Guided Reading Questions 1. What changes did the Republicans bring to the federal government? a. The Republicans started by making fiscal policies. They “eliminated all internal taxes” in order to help people with large debt (Goldfield 224). Republicans tried to take all the offices they could be appointed to. After Jefferson finished his presidency, Republicans too almost all the appointive offices (Goldfield 224). Jefferson decided to reverse foreign policies in order to stop Napoleon from making a treaty with Spain which posed as a threat. Jefferson had a deal with Napoleon, which helped expand the size of the United States. Furthermore, it opened up another frontier for slaveholders south of the Mississippi Valley (Goldfield 226). b. How did their policies differ from those of the Federalists who came before them? Federalists wanted people to be in large public debt. Federalists tried to have a grip on federal offices; however Republicans managed to take over. Then the Federalists passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 (Goldfield 224). John Marshall, who was a Federalist, created a precedent of judicial reviews in the Marbury v. Madison case. c. What factors accounted for the Federalists’ inability to regain national power after they lost the election of 1800? Hamilton and his fellow Federalists wanted people to be in a large debt. They failed to keep hold of federal offices when Republicans simply used...
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...The economy in Colonial Latin America was complex and contained elements of similarity to the mother country system. Although many of the colonies’ economies in Latin America are influenced by the parent country, there different in nuance. Steve Stern does a great job of showing Colonial Latin America utilize attributes from both capitalism and feudalism to create its own sense of an economic system. The fusion of feudalism and capitalism helped to sustain slavery and provide European colonists with political and monetary power over indigenous people living in Latin America. Systematic forced labor proved Stern was correct about how European settlers established a feudalistic society in the Americas. The first establishment of forced labor came in the form of the Encomienda. The Encomienda allowed conquistadors to control Indigenous...
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...particularly in-relation to sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. These explorations were frequently connected to conquest and missionary work, as the states of Europe attempted to increase their influence, both in political and religious terms, throughout the world. Through their explorations the Europeans also gained control of the spice trade. This accomplishment reduced the price of spices tremendously for the Europeans.With the lands they "discovered" they found new resources and a new market to sell their goods as well. Europe's conquest and colonization of North and South America and the Caribbean islands from the fifteenth century onward created an insatiable demand for African laborers, who were deemed more fit to work in the tropical conditions of the New World. The numbers of slaves imported across the Atlantic Ocean steadily increased, from approximately 5,000 slaves a year in the sixteenth century to over 100,000 slaves a year by the end of the eighteenth century. Evolving political circumstances and trade alliances in Africa led to shifts in the geographic origins of slaves throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Slaves were generally the unfortunate victims of territorial expansion by imperialist African states or of raids led by predatory local strongmen, and various populations found themselves captured and sold as different regional powers came to prominence. Firearms, which were often exchanged for slaves, generally increased the level of fighting by...
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...“The Slave Power Conspiracy and Latin America” Throughout the course of America’s history there have been events that are so unbelievable and lack sufficient evidence to back them up, thus they become known as conspiracies. One of these conspiracies is the idea of Slave Power. The Slave Power Conspiracy, to most American’s this conspiracy is probably unknown, but it relates to an idea which is a topic of debate among scholars and historians. The Slave Power Conspiracy is an idea that came to be in the 1840’s and lasted till the end of the Civil War. As was stated this idea is a conspiracy as there is no direct evidence to give it a strong foundation or validity in our time. The term “Slave Power” coined in 1864 in a book written by John Smith Dye entitled “History Of The Plots And Crimes Of The Great Conspiracy To Overthrow Liberty In America.” The term started off simply as the Slave Power (conspiracy was added in the modern era). In the book Dye alleges that since the time of Independence, the aristocrats of the South and politicians from the South have had an agenda to extend slavery to the Western United States and Latin America and thus increase their power, wealth, and influence in the United States.[1] There are certain events that happened in Dye’s time that can show this idea was real. They can also prove the legitimate and real threat Slave Power posed, to Latin America. By examining all angles...
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...European trading posts and colonies in both the Americas and the East. Colonialism is defined as a structure in a colony with a specific linkage; meaning economic, political, cultural, and social ideologies. The colonies linked England to the United States. England, being the mother country, also had a very important role play. The mother country was responsible for providing money for supplies for voyages such as ships, food, soldiers, and weapons etc. Also, England was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of raw materials. Settlers of the colonies needed markets to sell their goods and labor. They also needed a source of labor for the production of raw materials. This new labor force was made up of Native Americans, indentured servants (white slaves who served terms of up to seven years as slaves), and Africans. Columbus and his crew stated that when they arrived in the Americas they found Africans already there. In 1502, the Spanish were the first Europeans to enslave Africans in the Americas. Yet the local population died from European diseases like smallpox and from overwork. Thus in 1502, ten years after Columbus' landing, the Spanish brought the first African slaves to Cuba from West Africa to replace Indian slaves who were dying out. This began the trans-Atlantic slave deal between West Africa and the Americas and the integration of Native Americans and Africans. The Spanish conquerors of the Americas—known as Conquistadors were...
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...Chapter 17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes 1750–1914 MARGIN REVIEW QUESTIONS Q. In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions? • The Enlightenment promoted the idea that human political and social arrangements could be engineered, and improved, by human action. • New ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, human rationality, popular sovereignty, natural rights, the consent of the governed, and social contracts developed during the Enlightenment, providing the intellectual underpinnings of the Atlantic revolutions. Q. What was revolutionary about the American Revolution, and what was not? • The American Revolution was revolutionary in that it marked a decisive political change. • It was not revolutionary in that it sought to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than to create new ones. Q. How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution? • While the American Revolution expressed the tensions of a colonial relationship with a distant imperial power, the French insurrection was driven by sharp conflicts within French society. • The French Revolution, especially during its first five years, was a much more violent, far-reaching, and radical movement than its American counterpart. • The French revolutionaries perceived themselves as starting from scratch in recreating the social order, while the Americans sought...
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...The trans-Atlantic slave trade resulted in the force migration of Africans by Europeans to the New World; they would eventually become the slave labor for the plantations in the New World. Even though Europeans were staunch defenders of political and economic freedoms at home, they had no problems with being involved in the practice of slavery overseas. Historians have attempted to analyze the impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on both the Old and New World. Historians have focused their scholarly examinations on the global context of the Atlantic slave trade as way of getting a better understanding of why it was that Europeans came to settle on Africans as their preferred work force in the New World. While the focus of the field of study has been on the commercial and economic aspects of the slave trade, there have been attempts at shifting the narrative from that of economics to the cultural aspect of it. There needs to be a comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of the slave trade on the development of Africa. Also, gender roles during the slave trade should become a point of emphasis for historians. Historians have pointed to the economic development of the colonies in the New World coupled with the decimation of the native population as the genesis of African slavery in the Americas. As Herbert Klein...
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...Development of racial thinking The intrusion of Europe into the orient was spearheaded by the intention to create trading routes to China during the 15th century (Hauner, 2013). This search for trading routes led to various historical accounts. During this search, Hauner (2013) indicates that the Age of Discovery and the introduction of early modern warfare were initiated by the Europeans in the Far East. These activities increased the presence of the activities of European nation in the Asian countries hence leading to colonization of several countries. The European existence in the Asian continent was so immense in that East Timor got its independence from Portugal in the year 2002 (Stevens, 2010). The western nations used the concepts of nation state and multinational state to ensure racial superiority. The nation state was a social construct by the colonizing European colonizing nations in brainwashing the citizens of their colonies (Perry, 2010). The concept does not have a definite definition. However Stevens (2010) indicates that it is the act whereby people are grouped together according to their customs, language, traditions, habits and ethnicity. On the other hand, a multinational state is the concept where people were grouped together in order to form a single geographical orientation however such populations differed in language or ethnicity. These two concepts led to the development of ethnicity among the Asian communities. This is because most people within the...
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... 5. Examples include Tupí people of Brazil 1. Fully sedentary 1. Permanent settlements 2. Often on high plateaus, rather than forests or grasslands 3. Stability allowed for complex societies 4. Employed irrigation to sustain agricultural base 5. Sometimes developed into city-states or empires 6. Highly stratified societies 7. Examples 1. Aztec empire 2. Maya empire 3. Inca empire 1. Empires of the Americas 1. Aztec empire 1. Aztec refers to the empire, not the people 2. In modern-day Mexico 3. Ruled by the Mexica people 4. Nahuatl-speaking 5. Capital at Tenochtitlan more populous than Spanish or Portuguese capitals 1. Inca empire 1. Located in the Andes of South America 2. Inca refers to the emperor and the empire, rather than the people 3. Capital at Cuzco – “the navel of the universe” 4. Quechua speakers 1. Maya empire...
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...Name Instructor Course Date World History Reasons why America and Japan became successful after 1860 The United States made many efforts to become successful in the earlier 1860’s; among them, they sought all means possible to control markets in order to multiply profits. Monopoly of markets control was achieved by the organization of trust. For example between 1868, when the first standard oil company was started in Pennsylvania, and 1900, Rockefeller’s oil company brought other companies under its control. Standard oil companies were in California, Iowa, Ohio, and New Jersey, but were brought together, and Standard Oil Company gained control of competing companies such as Acme oil, Atlantic refining among others. On the other hand, Japan became successful because of its revitalizing relationship with the United States. The combination of the Chinese ports to regular trade ensured that there was steady stream of maritime traffic between North America and Asia. The combination of its advantageous geographic position and rumors that Japan had deposits of coal increased the appeal of establishing commercial and diplomatic contacts with the Japanese. Reason for the decline of Chinese power after 1800 The imperial conquest of the British and Western countries led to a major fall of china’s power in 1800’s. This is because the imperial conquest was based on the militaristic nature of the imperial state, its non-reciprocal economic relations with overseas trading countries and the western...
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...whose presence in the new state would derail the expansionist desires of Adolf Hitler. The Jews were also considered as a threat to the German racial community. During the Holocaust the German authority also targeted other groups that were perceived to be racially inferior. On the contrary, the big slave trade is considered as the business that involved buying and selling of people, especially from Africa, for profit. These people were enslaved in the Capitalist Europe and were subjected to doing menial works such as tending the fields and working in mines (Franklin, 2000). Comparison of the Holocaust and the Slave Trade...
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