...Muhammad | Quran reading | Tajwid · Hizb · Tarteel · Quranic guardian Manzil · Qari' · Juz' · Rasm · Ruku' · Sujud | Translations | List of translations · English translations | History | Meccan suras · Medinan suras | Tafsir | Persons related to verses · Justice Asbab al-nuzul · Naskh · Biblical narratives Tahrif · Bakkah · Muqatta'at Esoteric interpretation | Quran and Sunnah | Literalism · Miracles · Science Female figures | Perspectives | Shia · Criticism · Desecration Surah of Wilaya and Nurayn · Tanazzulat Qisas Al-Anbiya · House of the Quran | * v * d * e | | This article contains Arabic text, written from right to left in a cursive style with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined Arabic letters written left-to-right instead of right-to-left or other symbols instead of Arabic script. | This article is part of the series: | Islam | | Beliefs[show]Oneness of God Prophets · Revealed books Angels · Predestination Day of Resurrection | Practices[show]Profession of faith · Prayer Fasting · Alms · Pilgrimage | Texts & laws[show]Quran · Sunnah · Hadith Fiqh · Sharia · Kalam | History & leaders[show]Timeline · Muhammad Ahl al-Bayt · Sahaba Rashidun · Imamate Caliphate · Spread of Islam | Denominations[show]Sunni · Shia Sufi · Ibadi · Ahmadiyya · Quraniyoon · NOI | Culture & society[show]Academics · Animals · Art Calendar · Children Dawah · Demographics Festivals · Mosques ...
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... 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least ones in a lifetime, obligatory for those who are able to economically and physically. 3. Contrast the view of Adam and Eve in the Qur’an with comments on them in later Muslim writing and thinking such as exegesis and legend. (See Study Guide 20, based on Kvam, pp. 185-203.) * In the Qur'an the creation story never describes Eve as being created secondary to Adam, it also does not assign culpability for the story with the apple to the first woman. Also, the name Eve is never even mentioned in the Qur’an, she is called the first woman. * In later Muslim texts on the other hand, there is much blaming of Eve, also Eve is describe to being created second out of Adam's rib. Also some interpretations say Eve convinced Adam to eat the apple using her beauty,...
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...al-Samad has stated the SHARIA law violates the religious clauses of the First Amendment of the Constitution, or more specifically the free exercise and establishment clauses. al-Samad points this out because the law bans the usage of Sharia law in its application in forming federal laws and federal court precedents. As for how the SHARIA law violates the establishment clause of the U.S. Constitution one simply look no further than the third prong of the Lemon Test, which says a law passed under state or federal power should not create excessive government entanglement. Under the proposed definition of the this law, one would have to define what Sharia, is but my sharia’s definition, it is merely “a path to water” or a starting point and therefore would be different for each individual Muslim depending on their own interpretation and many other factors, rather than its counterpart in the Arabic language “fiqh” which is considered set in stone, but since it is decided by man, it may be filled in numerous errors and subject to change....
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...Islam (Arabic: الإسلام; al-'islām is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. The word Islam means "submission", or the total surrender of oneself to God (Arabic: الله, Allāh).An adherent of Islam is known as a Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)". There are between 1.1 billion to 1.8 billion Muslims, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world after Christianity,but the largest single religious denomination. Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the fundamental sources of Islam. They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new religion, but as the restorer of the original monotheistic faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Islamic tradition holds that Jews and Christians distorted the revelations God gave to these prophets by either altering the text, introducing a false interpretation, or both. Islam includes many religious practices. Adherents are generally required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that touch on virtually all aspects of life and society. This tradition encompasses everything from practical matters like dietary laws and banking to warfare. Almost all Muslims belong to one...
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...Women in Islam & Feminist Politics* Syllabus Female, Male, Hon Eng Fall 2013 COURSE INFORMATION | Course Name: Women in Islam Semester: Fall 2013 Department: International Affairs College: Arts and Sciences | Course Code: INTA 203 CRN Code: L51, L01 Section: 13698, 14448 Core Curriculum: Elective | Day(s) and Time(s): MW 9.30-10 MW 2-3.15 Venue: Sharia 0147 Biz D203 | Credit Hours: 3 Prerequisites: None | COURSE DESCRIPTION | This course ‘Women in Islam and Feminist politics’ will look at the gender issue from an Islamic perspective. It will examine women’s issues related to Islam and contemporary Muslim culture and scholarship. It will explore the status of women in Islamic thought and practice from five perspectives: women’s position in Islamic theology, jurisprudence, history, Islamic feminism and activism and lived realities. | FACULTY INFORMATION | Instructor : Academic : Office Location: Office Hours:Telephone: E-Mail: Website: | Dr Hatoon AL FASSIAssistant ProfessorWomen Campus, stair 3, # 213 (male students by appointment) MW 12.30-1.30 4403-4948 hatoon@qu.edu.qahttp://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hatoon.alfassi | REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL RESOURCES...
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...A Concise Introduction to Islam: by Richard T. Nolan "ISLAM" is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the world's great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written "Moslems") understand their universal religion as the "final religion" and the "primal religion." As "final," Islam is God's final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that had preceded. Moses was given the Law; David was given the Psalms; Jesus was given the Gospel. Judaism offers God's message of justice, and Christianity proclaims the love of God. To Mohammed (570-632 A.D.; spelled in a variety of ways) the God of Abraham and Jesus revealed the Qur'an (Arabic for "recital," sometimes written Koran). The Qur'an, written in Arabic, is the Sacred Scripture of Islam, the perfection of all previous divine revelations, and is to be understood literally as the direct words of God. In this sense of scriptural literalism, all Muslims may be called "fundamentalists." However, when referring to the aggressive behaviors of a few, "militants" and "extremists" are better categories. Muslims believe in all prophets of the Bible. The Qur'an itself mentions the Torah and the Gospel as scriptures revealed by God to Moses and Jesus. However, the Qur'an indicates that over time, changes were made to the actual biblical texts...
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...formed a land mass by means of the land bridges connecting the two areas. The North Borneo, now known as Sabah is confined to the Philippines. The Sulu inhabitants regarded it as “land below the wind” for it is located below the typhoon belt. Time came that the Borneo was separated from the Philippines due to lost of its land bridge. The two countries then fell under separate kingdoms usually called as sultanates. When the Spanish navy reached our shores, it influenced all the invaders to engage into different treaties with various sultans. One invader is the Malaysia. The main basis of the territorial dispute between the Philippines and Malaysia over Sabah is the different understanding and interpretation of the treaty they have signed; the Treaty of Pajak. Since it is an Arabic word, the Filipino people or the Sultan claims that the term “Pajak” means “a lease”- a contract by which a rightful possessor of real property has the right to use and occupy the property of consideration, usually rent. This means the Malaysia can only regard Sabah as for rent. On the other hand, according to...
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...hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to submit to and serve Allah (God). Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed before many times throughout the world, including notably through Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom they consider prophets. They maintain that the previous messages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or altered over time, but consider the Arabic Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God. Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment. Most Muslims are of two denominations, Sunni or Shia. CONTENT Example of Islamic moral values Firstly, we should be considerate of other people’s feeling. Next, we should not turn down other people’s offer of help or service. We should also adopt the right way to greet someone. Furthermore, we should be...
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...Religion Research MSB Religion Research Islam is one of the world’s largest religions with estimates of around 1.6 billion practitioners worldwide. (The Future of the Global Muslim Population, 2011, para. 1) The Islam religion is a monotheistic religion that actually shares some of the same beliefs and even texts as Christianity and Judaism. Even though Islam is considered by many to be the religion of terrorists the actual religious texts preach kindness and compassion to all creatures of the earth. The main tenants of the religion are the five pillars of Islam which include, (1) Testimony of faith; saying with conviction “there is no true god but Allah and Mohammed is his messenger”. (2) Prayer; all Muslims are required to pray toward Mecca five times a day. (3) Giving to the needy. (4) Fasting; Muslims are required to fast during the holy month of Ramadan from sunrise till sunset unless medically unable or traveling soldiers engaged in war are also exempt. (5) Pilgrimage; any Muslim who is physically and financially is obligated to make the pilgrimage or Hajj to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. (A Brief Guide to Understanding Islam website, n.d., Chapter 3) The biggest belief of the Muslim religion is that there is only one God, this is the one major point of contention that it has with Christianity. Muslims acknowledge Jesus as being a great profit and even acknowledge his birth to the Virgin Mary but deny that he is the son of God because if this were true...
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...Puma’s Poor Intercultural Communication Karen Deal COMM 360 May 27, 2014 LaTrica Henegar, Ed.D, LPC, NCC Puma’s Poor Intercultural Communication In an age of new technology enabling one to work from anywhere in the world, important business decisions now effect citizens of more than one country. Business dealings with partners and customers from other countries entail communication with those from different cultural backgrounds. The following paragraphs provide an example of a corporation's failure to research a country's cultural pattern and how one seemingly innocent action comes close to ending a thriving business. Examination of the corporation’s near-fatal business decision provides a better understanding of the important role effective intercultural communication plays in today’s business. By clearly defining each country’s cultural patterns and taxonomies, one can begin to determine where communication fails, and how best to correct the problem. Suggestions for improvement of intercultural communication between the two countries are provided by applying communication theorists Kluckholm and Strodbeck’s Value Orientation theory to the example situation. Further examination of this corporation’s poor intercultural communication, clearly demonstrates the need for countries to be constantly aware of and respect each other’s beliefs, values, social practices, and socially shared expectations. Puma’s Near-Fatal Mistake Puma is a large supplier of sporting...
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...5 Influences of Christianity in America Christianity is the largest religion in the United States, with around 78% of those polled identifying themselves as Christian, as of 2009. This is down from 86% in 1990 and slightly lower than 78.6% in 2001. Christianity was introduced to the Americas as it was first colonized by Europeans beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today most Christian churches are Mainline Protestant, Evangelical, or Roman Catholic. Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, claiming over a billion members. Its spiritual and administrative head is the Pope. The Church's leadership body in the United States is the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, made up of the hierarchy of bishops and archbishops of the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands, although each bishop is independent in his own diocese, answerable only to the Pope. Catholic beliefs and worship are detailed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (or CCC) is the official text of the teachings of the Catholic Church. A provisional, "reference text" was issued by Pope John Paul II on October 11, 1992 "the thirtieth anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council" with his apostolic constitution, Fidei depositum. The new Catechism was first published in 1994 in French and was then translated into many other languages. Catholic tradition and doctrine holds that...
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...Hebrew Literature From Classic Encyclopedia 1911 HEBREW LITERATURE. Properly speaking, "Hebrew Literature" denotes all works written in the Hebrew language. In catalogues and bibliographies, however, the expression is now generally used, conveniently if incorrectly, as synonymous with Jewish literature, including all works written by Jews in Hebrew characters, whether the language be Aramaic, Arabic or even some vernacular not related to Hebrew. The literature begins with, as it is almost entirely based upon, the Old Testament. There were no doubt in the earliest times popular songs orally transmitted and perhaps books - of annals and laws, but except in so far as remnants meat- of them are embedded in the biblical books, they have Scrip- entirely disappeared. Thus the Book of the Wars of the Lord is mentioned in Num. xxi. 14; the Book of Jashar in Josh. x. 13, 2. Sam. i. 18; the Song of the Well is quoted in Num. xxi. 17, 18, and the song of Sihon and Moab, ib. 27-30; of Lamech, Gen. iv. 23, 24; of Moses, Exod. xv. As in other literatures, these popular elements form the foundation on which greater works are gradually built, and it is one function of literary criticism to show the way in which the component parts were welded into a uniform whole. The traditional view that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch in its present form, would make this the earliest monument of Hebrew literature. Modern inquiry, however, has arrived at other conclusions (see Bible, Old Testament)...
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...Lingua Franca Humankind is rich with linguistic diversity. The widespread use of particular languages throughout the globe is attributed to several factors. Two of the most important are colonialism and international economic/political power. The dominance of English and Spanish colonial powers attribute to the linguistic formation of most of the Western Hemisphere. Imagine a world where the Axis of Evil triumphed during World War II. German, Italian and Japanese would likely be more prominent tongues on a global scale. The United States and United Kingdom have been high on the economic leaderboards for centuries, thus English has become a language of opportunity for people worldwide. Language on a global scale is an unseen, but well heard, struggle for power. Language is more than a means of verbal communication. A language can serve as a cultural vehicle that displays the global influence of a territory. Even it is possible for a language to carry multiple identities especially in context where people have social and cultural values they themselves create and at the same time are exposed to those social and cultural values they have no choice to avoid and; consequently become part of their identity (Dastgoshadeh, A., & Jalilzadeh, K, 2011). To most, learning English as an international language for the purpose of fulfilling communicative needs is a big threat to national, cultural and even religious identities as learning an international language causes people to lose...
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...the Creator, Sustainer and Master of the universe and of all that exist in it. The sovereignty of this kingdom is vested only in Him. He alone has has the right to command or forbid. Worship and obedience are due to Him alone, no one and nothing else shares it in any way. Life in all its forms, our physical organs and faculties, the apparent control we have over nearly everything in our lives and the things themselves, none of them has been created or acquired by us in our own right. The medium through which we received the law of Allah is known as Risalat. We have received two things from this source: the Book in which Allah has set out His law, and the authoritative interpretation and exemplification of the Book by the Prophet (PBUH) through word and deed, in his capacity as the representative of Allah. The Prophet (PBUH) has also, in accordance with the intention of the Divine Book, given us model for the Islamic way of life by implementing the law and providing necessary details where...
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...Why Is Shari`ah Law so Important to Muslims? First, let me start by saying that in modern times Shari`ah was inaccurately translated as “Islamic Law”. This portrayed Shari`ah as merely a collection of laws and regulations. Perceiving Shari`ah as such has produced great confusion in regards to its importance in Islam. The importance of Shari`ah can be seen through the meaning of the concept. The word shari`ah literally means a waterway that leads to a main stream, a drinking place, and a road or the right path. From this meaning, the word shari`ah was used to refer to a path or a passage that leads to an intended place, or to a certain goal. The importance of Shari`ah is evident in the denotations of the literal meaning. Water is life for everything, Shari`ah is life for the Muslims’ souls and a way of life for them. On the other hand, Shari`ah, conceptually, refers to a set of rules, regulations, teachings, and values governing the lives of Muslims. However, these rules and regulations, contrary to how they are often described by many non-Muslims, cover every aspect of life. Shari`ah embraces worship, morals and conduct, as well as it embraces the political, social and economic, as well as other spheres. Muslims believe that the purpose of their creation in nothing but servitude [being servants to the creator of mankind]. They also believe that without the guidance of Allah (God) no one will meet this purpose. Therefore Allah sent messengers and prophets with...
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