...Leaving Cert Physics Long Questions: 4. Circular Motion and SHM (all higher level) Remember to photocopy 4 pages onto 1 sheet by going A3→A4 and using back to back on the photocopier 2015 - 2002 Solutions begin on page 7 Circular Motion 2012 Question 12 (a) An Olympic hammer thrower swings a mass of 7.26 kg at the end of a light inextensible wire in a circular motion. In the final complete swing, the hammer moves at a constant speed and takes 0.8 s to complete a circle of radius 2.0 m. (i) What is the angular velocity of the hammer during its final swing? (ii) Even though the hammer moves at a constant speed, it accelerates. Explain. (iii) Calculate the acceleration of the hammer during its final swing (iv) Calculate the kinetic energy of the hammer as it is released. 2011 Question 6 (c) A simple merry-go-round consists of a flat disc that is rotated horizontally. A child of mass 32 kg stands at the edge of the merry-go-round, 2.2 metres from its centre. The force of friction acting on the child is 50 N. Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on the child as the merry-go-round rotates. What is the maximum angular velocity of the merry-go-round so that the child will not fall from it, as it rotates? If there was no force of friction between the child and the merry-go-round, in what direction would the child move as the merry-go-round starts to rotate? 2006 Question 6 (i) Define velocity. (ii) Define angular velocity. (iii) Derive the relationship...
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...UNIVERSE 1 THE HISTORY OF OUR KNOWN UNIVERSE The history of our known universe At one time, it was believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that all 2 celestial bodies revolved around the earth. This belief was so deeply held that complicated orbits of the planets were created in order to ensure that the earth remained at the center. Anyone that dared to challenge the earth center model was immediately considered a heretic and faced very serious consequences. Can you imagine the kind of world that we would live in today if great thinkers did not challenge the common thought of the time? Aristotle was a very famous Greek philosopher. Aristotle subscribed to the belief that the earth was the center of the universe and that all celestial bodies orbited around the earth in perfect circles known as Epicycles (Dept. Physics & Astronomy University Of Tennessee, n.d.) . In order to ensure that the earth remained at the center of the universe, complicated models of the movements of the planets were created. Eventually, this model, created in 150 A.D., came to be known as the Ptolemaic Universe. This model called for the planets to move in perfect circles around the earth. Because the perfect circles did not account for the strange movement of the planets, the planets were made to move in smaller circles (epicycles) as they moved around the earth. More and more Epicycles were added to accommodate the strange movement of the planets. While the Ptolemaic Universe model...
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... Stonehenge is considered to have been D) an astronomical observatory. ----------- 4. You have just won $10^4$ dollars on that hit TV survival show ``Astronomy Midterm No. 1''. How much money is this in real money? C) \$10,000 ----------- 9. Most Greek astronomers believed that the Earth is immobile because they did not observe E) parallaxes for the stars. ----------- 14. Sunspots were discovered by C) Galileo. ----------- 15. Aristarchus argues E) for a heliocentric universe. ----------- 16. The higher the frequency of light B) the shorter (smaller) its wavelength. ----------- 17. Aristarchus estimated the relative distances to the Sun and Moon by observing the A) angle between the half Moon and the Sun in the sky. ----------- 18. The smaller the wavelength of light A) the larger its frequency. ----------- 19. The difference in the lengths of shadows simultaneously cast by identical sticks placed vertically in the ground at two different points on a meridian indicates that D) the Earth is not flat. ----------- 20. The spectral lines of a star are observed to be shifted toward larger wavelengths. This shows that E) the star is receding from us. ----------- 21. In order to account for the retrograde motion of the ...
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...age of the universe is about _________. * 14 billion years * A television advertisement claiming that a product is light-years ahead of its time does not make sense because _________. * it uses "light-years" to talk about time, but a light-year is a unit of distance * The term observable universe refers to _________. * that portion of the universe that we can see in principle, given the current age of the universe * On a scale in which the distance from Earth to the Sun is about 15 meters, the distance from Earth to the Moon is _________. * small enough to fit within your hand * On a scale where the Sun is about the size of a grapefruit and the Earth is about 15 meters away, how far away are the nearest stars besides the Sun? * About the distance across the United States * The number of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy is approximately _________. * a few hundred billion * An astronomical unit (AU) is _________. * the average distance between Earth and the Sun * This distance is about 150 million...
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...three main layers are the crust, mantle and core. The crust is the outer part and the core is the inner part of the Earth, between them is the mantle. The Earth is surrounded by the atmosphere. However, no one has ever actually seen the inner layers of the planet. Because the Earth cannot be easily recreated in a laboratory scientists about Earth’s interior has been deduced by scientists’ congregation information at the Earth’s surface. Thanks to this technical research, humans now know the basic ingredients and general size of each of Earth’s layers. Few of the layers are solid like an ice cube, whereas others are semi-liquid like a milkshake. Each layer is dynamic and constantly changing. Activities of rock and heat inside each layer give rise to dissimilar Earth processes and human life is directly affected by the change any movements of the inside Earth. Earth’s layer study is ultimately helps humans to better understand the planet’s processes; together with those taking place in it’s inside the layers. Usually known as Earth science, this field includes several different areas of scientific research. For example, a geologist studying rocks on a wall is one type of Earth scientist; another type of Earth scientist is the seismologist who records the waves of energy that travel all the way through the Earth following an earthquake. Although the several forms of Earth science, however, there are really only two ways to study...
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...Earth Elements: Breaking The Chinese Monopoly Plan: The United States federal government will sponsor U.S. companies who are willing to mine rare earth elements from the seabed. The United States federal government will also ratify the Law of the Sea in order to substantially increase U.S. exploration and/or development of the Earth’s oceans. Access To Rare Elements is Essential To U.S. National Security Vital Elements of U.S. Industrial Production are Dependent on Rare Earth Element Marc Humphries, (Specialist in Energy Policy), Congressional Research Service, December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2014 from http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf. Some of the major end uses for rare earth elements include use in automotive catalytic converters, fluid cracking catalysts in petroleum refining, phosphors in color television and flat panel displays (cell phones, portable DVDs, and laptops). Other uses include permanent magnets and rechargeable batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles, generators for wind turbines, and numerous medical devices. There are important defense applications, such as jet fighter engines, missile guidance systems, anti missile defense, space-based satellites and communication systems. Permanent magnets containing neodymium, gadolinium, dysprosium, and terbium are used in numerous electrical and electronic components such as new- generation generators for wind turbines. Marc Humphries, (Specialist in Energy Policy)...
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...KINGDOM PRINCIPLES PREPARING FOR KINGDOM EXPERIENCE AND EXPANSION KINGDOM PRINCIPLES PREPARING FOR KINGDOM EXPERIENCE AND EXPANSION Dr. Myles Munroe © Copyright 2006 — Myles Munroe All rights reserved. This book is protected by the copyright laws of the United States of America. This book may not be copied or reprinted for commercial gain or profit. The use of short quotations or occasional page copying for personal or group study is permitted and encouraged. Permission will be granted upon request. Unless otherwise identified, Scripture quotations are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked (NKJV) are taken form the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Please note that Destiny Image’s publishing style capitalizes certain pronouns in Scripture that refer to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and may differ from some publishers’ styles. Take note that the name satan and related names are not capitalized. We choose not to acknowledge him, even to the point of violating grammatical rules. Cover photography by Andy Adderley, Creative Photography, Nassau, Bahamas Destiny Image® Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 310 Shippensburg, PA 17257-0310 “Speaking to the Purposes of God for this Generation and for the Generations to Come. ” Bahamas Faith Ministry...
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... Geocentric Model of the Universe • Earth-centered model • Proposed that the Earth is the center of the universe • Proposed that the Earth is motionless and that the sun, moon and planets revolved around the Earth. • This model is no longer valid Heliocentric Model of the Universe • Sun-centered model • Proposed that the sun is the center of the universe • Developed by Nicolaus Copernicus • Tycho Brahe did further experiments • Brahe’s data were edited by Johannes Kepler Kepler’s Laws of Planetary of Motion • Kepler’s 1st Law: Law of Elliptical Orbits ▫ All planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun. The sun is at one focus of the ellipse. • Kepler’s 2nd Law: Law of Equal Areas ▫ An imaginary line joins a planet to the sun and sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time. • Kepler’s 3rd Law: The Harmonic Law ▫ The square of the sidereal period of a planet is proportional to the cube of it’s semi-major axis. Sidereal period is the time for one complete revolution around the sun Terrestrial Planets • Inner planets; closer to the sun • Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars • They are called terrestrial because they have physical and chemical characteristics resembling those of the Earth Jovian Planets • Outer planets; further away from the sun • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune • These planets resemble Jupiter ▫ These planets have gaseous outer layers Planets in Order of Increasing Distance from the Sun • • • • • • • • Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune...
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...birth. When he was three, Newton’s mother got remarried, and he stayed with his grandmother. He was not interested in the family farm, so he was sent to Cambridge University to study. Isaac Newton explained the workings of the universe through mathematics. He formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Isaac Newton used three laws to explain the way objects move. They are often called Newton’s Laws. The first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a nonzero force. An object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a nonzero force. In other words, an object that is not being pushed or pulled by some force will stay still, or will keep moving in the same direction at a steady speed. The tendency of an object to remain still, or keep moving in one direction at a steady speed is called inertia. The second law explains that an object’s acceleration depends on its mass and on the net force acting on it. Basically, it explains how a force acts on an object. An object accelerates in the direction the force is moving it. The third law states that if an object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. In other words, if an object is pushed or pulled, it will push or pull equally in the opposite direction. When...
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...Preser Abstract Christian are required by God's law to obey the laws of man. Furthermore, the United States Government has Federal and State organization that will help protect our environment. There are many ways that Christian can protect the earth's environment and restore the earth national resources. For an example, Christians could recycle many natural resources; buy vehicles that are more efficient and not being wasteful is all very important. Christians cannot be disillusioned that everyone thinks the same way and there viewpoint are the same. There are many non-Christians that belief that there is a need protect the earth and we will have endless supplies of natural resources. Finally, Christians realize that efforts to protect the earth may not be enough, so we must prepare and plan to restore natural resources. As Christian followers of God, we must educate others about conserving the earth's natural resources. What Specific Action(S) Should Christians Take Regarding The Environment And Its Preservation Or Restoration? Could you imagine Jesus Christ driving a car that is not environmental friendly? According to the Christian faith, Jesus Christ was the only perfect person that ever lived on the earth that was perfect. Therefore, Christians understand that to be Christ like, it would mean Christian would have to preserve the environment and if necessary contribute to the restoration of the earth. Christians should always strive to be Christ like...
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...Newton's First Law of Motion: I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. | This we recognize as essentially Galileo's concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the "Law of Inertia". Newton's Second Law of Motion: II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. | This is the most powerful of Newton's three Laws, because it allows quantitative calculations of dynamics: how do velocities change when forces are applied. Notice the fundamental difference between Newton's 2nd Law and the dynamics of Aristotle: according to Newton, a force causes only a change in velocity (an acceleration); it does not maintain the velocity as Aristotle held. This is sometimes summarized by saying that under Newton, F = ma, but under Aristotle F = mv, where v is the velocity. Thus, according to Aristotle there is only a velocity if there is a force, but according to Newton an object with a certain velocity maintains that velocity unless a force acts on it to cause an acceleration (that is, a change in the velocity). As we have noted earlier in conjunction with the discussion of Galileo, Aristotle's view seems to be more in accord with common...
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...|[pic] | |Author(s): Nathan McCray |Date: 06/24/2013 | |Title of Lesson: Kepler’s 3rd Law (Law of planetary motion) |Grade Level: 8 – 12+ | |Core Components | |Subject, Content Area or Topic: | |Physics, Electronics, Science, Math | |National/State Standards: (Assign as needed based on your state standards) | | | | | |Common Core Standards: (Assign as needed based on your state requirements) | ...
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...Video Lab 1.) As the Earth cooled water vapor became condensed causing it to fall as rain. The Earths balance in distance from the Sun enabled it to conserve this water in a liquid form. The water cut channels, took minerals from the soil and was added to the oceans. Oceans became heavy with salt. There are two types of bacteria that were then talked about in the film, Archaebacteria and Cyanobacteria. Archaebacteria survive in environments similar to those found on the young Earth, in hot springs, boiling muds around volcanos (Wassenaar). All of these bacteria feed off the Earths heat, all except for Cyanobacteria (University of California Museum of Paleontology). Also known as blue/green algae, Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, it is able to turn to the sun for energy and food. Here after microorganisms grew by using carbon in the atmosphere, dissolved in the ocean. Carbon drained from the atmosphere and allowed other organisms to develop, plants fed off of suns energy, which enabled it to break apart the water molecules and take the oxygen. Oxygen filled the air. From the Oxygen life was able to develop. 2.) –Farming, population, fossil fuel use, ecosystem balance, 4 laws of ecology, species, adaptation, the water cycle, biodiversity: stability and sustainability, global warming, extinction, fossil record, evolution, agriculture. 3.) The two concepts that I would like to talk about are the 4 laws of ecology, specifically the first law of ecology: “ everything...
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...an example of a completed outline: 1. Our place in the universe a. The modern view of the universe 1) What is our Sun and what is its role in the solar system? a) Our sun is a hot ball of glowing gases that is at the heart of our solar system. b) Our suns role is to give out energy and heat. This energy and heat allows for there to be life on earth. However, even though our sun is unique and life giving there are billions of stars that are just like it in the Milky Way galaxy. (Solar System Exploration, 2012) 2) What is our Milky Way galaxy and the sun’s position in it? a) The Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy that has arms that extend out from the center like a pinwheel. Our galaxy is one of about 100 billion visible universes. (Solar System Exploration, 2012) b) The sun’s posistion in the galaxy is in the Orions arm of the Mily Way. However, because of how our planets are set up in our system there is life on Earth. The Sun has an almost circular orbit. The sun is just the right distance from the center of our galaxy to promote life. The planets and our sun are just the right distance apart for one of our planets, Earth, to have higher intelegance life on it. 3) What is the Big Bang and what does it say about the age of the universe? a) Scientist says that the Big Bang is what created our universe. Edwin Hubble was the first, in 1929, to discover that the Universe was expanding an great speeds. Now Hubble discovered that planets and galaxies that were outside our...
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...influential scientist that ever lived. His theories and laws surround us in everyday life and have built the basis for the study of physics. One of his main focuses as a scientist was the relevance of forces and motion in everyday life. He has come up several laws regarding motion and they have been used in helping mankind to get as far as they have with understanding physics. Space travel is possible because of the theories that Newton provided us with and you can see that in the movie Apollo 13, which retells a story of three astronauts who use mainly the laws of physics to get back to Earth after their space shuttle is damaged from an explosion. In the following paragraphs I will provide some examples from the movie of Newton’s first law, third law and his law of universal gravitation. Newton’s first law otherwise known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will continue to stay at rest and an object in motion will continue to stay in motion unless acted on my an external force. This law is shown throughout the entire movie when the space ship is in outer space. Due to the lack of gravity outside of the Earth’s atmosphere, the space craft moves in uniform motion in the same direction unless acted on by another force such as meteors or the rocket boosters. The third law that Isaac Newton produced states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. An example to represent this law can be seen when the astronauts use the rocket engines...
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