...ETHICAL DECISION MAKING AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP To improve ethical decision making in business, one must first understand how individuals make ethical decisions in an organizational environment. Too often it is assumed that individuals in organizations make ethical decisions in the same way that they make ethical decisions at home, in their family, or in their personal lives. Within the context of an organizational work group, however, few individuals have the freedom to decide ethical issues independent of organizational pressures. ETHICAL – ISSUE INTENSITY The first step in ethical decision making is to recognize that an ethical issue requires an individual or work group to choose among several actions that various stakeholders inside or outside the firm will ultimately evaluate as right or wrong. Ethical issue intensity, then, can be defined as the relevance or importance of an ethical issue in the eyes of the individual, work group, and/or organization. it is personal and temporal in character to accommodate values, beliefs, needs, perceptions, the special characteristics of the situation, and the personal pressure prevailing at a particular place and time. Ethical – issue intensity reflects the ethical sensitivity of the individual or work group that faces the ethical decision – making process. Research suggest that individuals are subject to six “spheres of influence” when confronted with ethical choices – the workplace, family, religion, legal system, community...
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...Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Carolyn Dallas HCA/240 Sunday, June 2, 2013 Michelle A. Rose, PhD, MHA, MPH, CPH Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Vincent (2010),”Between 2010 and 2050, the United States is projected to experience rapid growth in its older population. In 2050, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to be 88.5 million. The Baby Boomers are largely responsible for this increase in the older population, as they will begin crossing into this category in 2011.” (The Next Four Decades-The Older Population). The United States older population will become ethnically diverse. Immigration is expected to play an important role in how the age structure will change. The aging of the baby boom increases the proportion in the older age groups, but projected immigration into the working age groups tends to mitigate the impact. In other words, the country’s aging is slowed somewhat by immigration of younger people. The Hispanic race is growing in the United States which will add to the diverse old population. This growth change will create difficulties for policy makers and programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Both Social Security and Medicare are necessary for the elderly to survive. We need to ensure that our government enacts legislation that helps us and preserves our way of life, most important, Social Security and Medicare. Because there is less funds given toward the elderly through...
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...Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making Sharon and Marcia share some parallels with their work history. Both women have been in the human resource field for almost 20 years. Both women seem to have been successful in their positions. Sharon seems to have an alpha personality. She will “jump” to get things done in the fastest way possible. I am concerned however, by her stating that she does not want to waste time by planning out anything with a lengthy implementation. UWEAR is going through a merger and although people tend to resist change, it cannot be avoided at this point. Also, considering Sharon is the HR manager for UWEAR, it should be noted that she was hired directly out of college with no prior experience. She also has not been kept abreast as to the legislation that is currently required for publicly traded companies, which can be seen by not having a whistleblower protection policy that should have been implemented after the SOX Act. Sharon’s style relies heavily on her intuition. She believes she can assess the environment around her and know what needs to be done. This is a great strength if she indeed can accurately assess her situation and see the path that needs to be followed to get the job done. Her weakness is her lack of enthusiasm for having a predetermined plan with an implementation timeline. Another strength that Sharon has, is her experience in being a part of a company that has grown into a larger, publicly traded company. She would be able to assist...
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...Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses The simple act of making decisions is an essential task leaders must perform effectively to succeed. Behavioral theories of leadership focus on how leaders approach a situation and whether they dictate orders or involve others to encourage support. Research into decision-making behavior has identified three broad categories of leaders: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire (Changing Minds, 2011). This paper will focus on these behavioral theories of leadership, primarily concentrating on participative leadership. An autocratic leader tells employees what to do and how to do it. On the opposite extreme, a laissez-faire leader allows employees to make their own decisions with little leader involvement. In the middle lies participative leadership where the leader includes employees in the decision-making process and lets them take part in determining what to do and how to do it (Big Dog & Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition, 2010) . My preferred leadership style is participative leadership, confirmed by a 30-item leadership style self-assessment focused on leadership style beliefs (Big Dog & Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition, 2010). I identify least with a laissez-faire leadership style as my organization expects leaders to be more intimately involved in most matters. In addition, I feel the need to be involved and am not comfortable completely relinquishing control, at least for important matters. I strongly...
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...There is one thing that all leaders have him common, making decisions. A leader is one who influences others to attain goals. Leadership orchestrates change, set direction, and motivate people to overcome obstacles and move the organization toward its ideal future (Bateman & Snell, 2011, p. 444). Every leader has a different style of leading, approaching, teaching, engaging and making decisions. While some think that making the decisions is the easy job; that is not always the case. To be an effective leader there must be a thought process or plan to assist you with making those easy and tough decisions. This paper will discuss the Vroom leadership model and Fielder’s contingency model of leadership effectiveness. The Vroom model uses the basic situational approach of assessing the situation before determining the best leadership style (Bateman & Snell, 2011, p. 430). The Vroom leadership model should always involve making independent decisions, collaborating with followers, facilitation or delegation depending on the circumstances. By answering a series of questions, you reach one of the possible endpoints. When using the Vroom model to make decisions, each endpoint will advise you which of the five decision styles that would best suit your situation. Some say that the Vroom process is a bit complicated. However, the model has been has been especially successful when major decisions need to be made. Using the Vroom model ensure that you do not forget to consider the situational...
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...Leadership Style Charlene Taylor WGU 000345193 Leadership Style Analysis There are many leadership styles that were presented in the reading. As well as the reading, I completed an assessment “What’s Your Leadership Style?” (About.com). This assessment, as well as my reading of the material identified my style as participative and situational leadership. Participative leadership involves engaging multiple group members in the decision making process, as well as problem solving. The leader does have the final choice in the decision. This style of leadership helps to encourage and motivate group members. “This style of leadership often leads to more effective and accurate decisions, since no leader can be an expert in all areas” (About.com). As a participative leader, I always drive teamwork among my team. This gives the members of my team the ability to share in the decision making processes of the company. Participative leadership does have some negative factors. Participative leadership “results in extensive and time-consuming team meetings and committee work” (Dublin, 2010). Many managers also believe that giving group members a share in the decision making lowers their power. Another weakness in this style is that a decision cannot be made until the entire group agrees on something. This can slow down productivity, as the group argues and discusses the points until everyone unanimously agrees. Situational leadership occurs...
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...Leadership Task 1 September 16, 2014 Leadership Analysis Personal Leadership Style After reading Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills, I believe that I fall into a Participative style of leadership, as I am very big on getting feedback about decisions, especially when the feedback is from a person or persons that have more experience in the current situation than I do. My philosophy in life and business is that most likely someone has already encountered the same project or problem and would have insight on how to accomplish or resolve. Further, I believe this mindset would put me in the subcategory of a consultative leader, where I gather input, but retain the final decision making authority. “Consultative leaders confer with group members before making a decision. However, they retain the final authority to make decisions” (Dubrin, 2010). I know that as a manager, I can be detached from everyday work that matters to the customers. This is where those whom I manage would be able to offer more insight on operations. Additionally, I am not well versed in every aspect of operations within a company, therefore, I would rely on experts in their fields, i.e., marketing, to provide insight. The openness of management with this style is a strength. As workers on the front line are involved with customers and daily operations, their feedback is valuable and real, it helps play a part in strategic planning. When employees know their opinions matter and that management...
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...My Personal Leadership Style: Participative Introduction A Participative Leadership style requires the leader to include all members of the team to participate in any decision making processes. This is a very common style among new leaders and it is quickly becoming the preferred leadership style with many companies. A participative leadership style can further be broken into three subcategories: democratic, consultative, and consensus. Democratic: This type of participative leadership style is used best in environments where there is never a set constant and things are rapidly changing. Because these types of business are constantly evolving, all options or considerations for improvement must be taken into account. This styles allows for everyone including the leader to be able to speak openly and freely with any types of ideas or concerns that they may have. According to the article Leadership Styles: Choosing the Right Leadership Approach for the Situation (2014), democratic leaders encourage creativity, and people are often highly engaged in projects and decisions. The leader makes the decision based off of consensus of most of the members of the team. Consultative: This type of style puts a lot of the brainstorming ideas in the hands of the team members. It uses the skill sets of others. The team members are the generally those that represent their particular department and can speak on how certain actions can affect their department. The leader is usually...
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...Behavior Leadership Approach Each person is uniquely and individually made. With this in mind, people do not think, look or even respond alike all the time. Leadership is a skill that individuals display using different techniques. Some leaders are received better than others. There are many forms of leadership. The common key to all approaches of leading is to understand what the definition of leadership is as it relates to the organization. Trait, behavior, power-influence, situational, and integrative approach have been examined by researchers in the study of leadership. This paper will provide an overview of the behavior approach study of leadership. Leadership has been defined in terms of traits, behaviors, influence, interaction patterns, role relationships, and occupation of an administrative position (Robbins & Judge, 2011). The meaning or explanation of leadership is an area that has been debated for years. Today most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a process whereby intentional influence is exerted over other people to guide, structure, and facilitate activities, and relationships in a group or organization (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Behavior Approach The behavior approach is the result of researcher’s inability to produce steady results connecting individual’s traits with effective leadership. The shift moved from examining leaders traits to examining leader’s behaviors, in the early 1950s. Researchers began observing managers...
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...Effective Decision Making Abstract Managers judge the effectiveness of decision in terms of quality, timeliness, acceptance, and ethical appropriateness. The decision-making process is improved though creative problem solving and brainstorming. They way managers frame problems significantly affect the outcome. The effectiveness of a decision depends on cognitive biases and organizational barriers. Effective leader communicate well and motivate others. Managers match a leadership style with a preferred style for the situation. They develop a range of leadership styles and adapt to different situations. Quality, timeliness, acceptance, and appropriateness are components of decision-making. Transformational leaders have vision that guides and motivates them to higher goals. They motivate other to a higher level. Super leaders go a step further by helping others realize and maximize their abilities. Charismatic leaders motivate followers to make significant changes. Decision-Making Skills The effectiveness of a decision depends on factors such as the characteristics of the decision maker, various cognitive biases, and organizational barriers. In decision-making, managers vary in the amount or information, skills, or experience they have. They use different styles in making decision. Some focus on the details of a situation and compile them into a sensible decision. Others rely on their intuitive sense about a situation or focus on the “big picture.” Due to the complexity and...
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...of Contents Introduction......................................................................3 Teaming and Interpersonal Relationship.......................4-5 Leading People.................................................................. Personal Leadership Goals…………………………….. Outreach................................................................ Summary.............................................................................. References........................................................................... Introduction Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Effective leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. My BPPG will help me through my process to become an effective leader. I learned how to inspire my team into higher levels of teamwork through motivation discussed in this course “Leading People”. There are certain things you must be, know, and, do to meet your goals to be successful in a leadership role. Some of my skills do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills. My goal is to become successful through Walden University MBA program. I will continue to develop my BPPG to reach my professional and personal mission, vision, and values to become a successful leader. Figuring out a course of action, and getting...
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...end. Individual assignment Participative Leadership Participative management is utilized in organizations as strategies to increase workforce commitment and enhancing performances within the organization. Participative management, allows employees to take responsibility, accountability and authority over decisions and work. Participative leadership allows leaders to focus on tactical planning, while employees manage the daily operations, while focusing on listening, building teams and encouraging new ideas. Leaders ensure that a clear vision and mission has been clearly described before the management is given over to the employees. Management will tell the employees what is expected in terms of results for the organization and encourages employees to be creative in solving problems and improving performance. Participative leadership is power sharing in which work influences are shared by employees as well as managers, and this is to the benefit of the leaders to use these participative strategies as learning tools in the workplace. (Locke & Schweiger,1979 Steinheider, B., & Wuestewald, T. (2008)). An inclusive form of decision making is how to describe participative management. This will involve making decision on working conditions, information processing, goal setting, and problem solving. (Wagner,1994. Cite: (Steinheider, B., & Wuestewald, T. (2008)). How Participative schemes improve leadership Executing participative management is a way for...
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...Applying Leadership Theories Essay Danielle Brewer EDA 575: Educational Leadership in a Changing World Professor Betty Nardelli December 16, 2015 There are several leadership theories, which can be observed throughout the educational setting. The level of input in the various leadership theories ranges from shared responsibility to the leader or another individual taking majority of the control. The school I have chosen for this assignment as well as the duration of this course is West Park Elementary in Ravenna City Schools. Frank Sciarabba is the principal of West Park currently. The time spent observing Mr. Sciarabba has allowed me to observe a few different leadership styles, which vary according to the situation at hand. The main leadership style observed by Mr. Sciarabba was the participative style. This style of leadership is when the people affected by the decision have the most feasible amount of input but the leader of the building makes the final decision. Lam, Huang, Chan (2015) define participative leadership style as shared influence and joint decisions being made between the leader and the followers. Mr, Sciarabba is always asking for input from staff members and when creating committees and teams of teachers he asks for teachers to volunteer to join a committee. He is open to suggestions and feels that the staff members have many ideas that should be shared but he ultimately makes the final decision after receiving input from the staff. This leadership...
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...current realities, and action steps. The model has application to a wide | | |variety of personal and organizational situations, and can easily be used with students as well. As you examine the model, be sure to follow the section numbers and | | |start on the right side with the “ideal situation.” | Leadership Gap Analysis: 3.1 Equity Leadership Gap Analysis: 3.2 Distributed Leadership Leadership Gap Analysis: 3.3 Effective Governance Leadership Gap Analysis: 3.4 Learning Community Leadership Gap Analysis: 3.5 Professional Development Gap Analysis Worksheet: Core Agreements [pic] ----------------------- 3) CLOSING THE “GAP” This section contains the specific strategies that are designed to close the gap between the actual and the ideal. EXAMPLE: To close the gap, Central High School will: ▪ Institute a 9th grade orientation and transition program. ▪ Start a targeted mentoring program for 9th graders in math and...
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...PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT a) List and explain the four basic functions of managers. The 4 basic functions of managers are:- i) Planning and Decision Making - Setting the organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them. Managers need to plan so that worker’s activities are consistent with the organization’s goal the correct type and amount of resources can be acquired. Planning requires information, judgment and decision-making ii) Organizing - Determining how best to group activities and resources. Organizing also means creating and organizational structure that is suitable for the achievement of the agreed. iii) Leading - Motivating members of the organization to work in the best interest of the organization iv) Controlling and Monitoring - Correcting ongoing activities to facilitate goal attainment b) List and explain the 3 levels of management in an organization. The 3 levels of management in an organization are:- i) First-line Managers - They supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees. Mush of their work involves personally checking the work of subordinates and helping them solve problems (e.g. supervisor, office manager) ii) Middle Managers - They primarily take the goals and strategies designed by top managers and put them into effect (e.g. plant manager, operations managers) iii) Top Managers - A small number of executives who control the organization by setting its goals, overall strategy and operating policies...
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