...Kroot v. District of Columbia (1992) When dealing with children whether they have a disability or not parents have rights that are explained in IDEA. When dealing with children who have disabilities due process and parental rights need to be assured so that the child is receiving the proper services and help. When these rights are not adhered to parents have the right to take action as we will see through the case Kroot v. District of Columbia. In Kroot v. District of Columbia Joseph Kroot’s parents sought reimbursement from the District of Columbia school district for the cost of a private school which they sent their son to after he was not progressing in the public school system because he was not receiving the services he needed (KROOT v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1992). Joseph’s parents had him evaluated after receiving reports f4rom his pre-kindergarten teachers and evaluators that he was not paying attention in class, had a short attention span, he had weak fine motor skill and a delay in his language development (KROOT v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1992). The psychologist determined that Joseph not only had a delay in motor skill development but also a sensory processing shortcoming that would impede the learning process. Joseph’s parents filed a Confidential Student Services Form with DCPS (District of Columbia Public Schools) for special education services and provided DCPD with reports from educators at his previous school as well as other assessments done by other evaluators...
Words: 1272 - Pages: 6
...Helping people with dyslexia: a national action agenda Report to the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, from the Dyslexia Working Party: Jim Bond Max Coltheart [Chair] Tim Connell Nola Firth Margaret Hardy Mandy Nayton Jenny Shaw Angela Weeks Submitted January 10 2010 2 Introduction During 2008 the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, met with representatives from dyslexia interest groups who expressed concern that dyslexia is not recognized as a specific disability under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and that the education and employment systems do not recognize or support people with dyslexia. Following these meetings the Parliamentary Secretary requested the FaHCSIA convene a roundtable Forum to discuss these issues. This Dyslexia Stakeholder Forum was held at Parliament House Canberra on 16 June 2009. The Forum consisted of 24 people who were scientists in the areas of reading or learning disabilities, technologists, people with dyslexia, clinicians and practitioners, or representatives from DEEWR and FaHCSIA. It was decided that a representative Working Party of 8 Forum members should be formed, charged with the task of writing a report proposing a national agenda for action to assist people with dyslexia. The Working Party consulted widely and in particular benefited from comments on a draft report that were received from the following authorities (all of...
Words: 4499 - Pages: 18
...226Learning Disability Report |DEFINITION |CAUSES |EXAMPLES |TEACHING |CHARACTERISTICS |PLACEMENT | | | | |STRATEGIES | |OPTIONS | |Intellectual |Down Syndrome, |Math activity use real |Child pronounce syllables|Characterized by impaired cognitive |IEP team determines | |Disability |Velocario facial |money and give the |until words are |functioning and deficits in two or |student’s placement in | | |Syndrome, Fetal |children opportunity to |completed/pictures and |more adaptive behavior. |specialized program. | |Limits to a person |Alcohol |purchase items in the |visual aids | | | |ability to learn daily t|Syndrome, Genetic |classroom. | | | | |an expected level and |Problems | | | | | |function in life. Lack | | | | | | |of social skills...
Words: 1212 - Pages: 5
...Name Kelly Fennell Date 1/13/15 Guided Notes- SPED3100 Chapter 1: Perspectives on Disability Note: Guided notes are submitted in D2L before class and must be a minimum of 3 pages. Raymond, E. B. (2012). Learners with mild disabilities: A characteristics approach. (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 1. Distribution of Disabilities a) Source: From 28th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2006 (Vol. 1, p.41) by U.S. Department of Education, 2009, Washington, D.C.: USDOE i. Specific Learning Disabilities: 46.4% ii. Speech or Language Impairments: 18.8% iii. Intellectual Disabilities: 9.3% iv. Emotional Disturbance: 7.9% v. Other Health Impairments: 8.4% vi. Other disabilities combined: 9.2% 2. Studying High-Prevalence Disabilities a) High-prevalence disabilities include learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder i. All are served by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act b) Students with ADHD typically have another disability, as well c) 50% of students in special education have learning disabilities, while 10% have intellectual disabilities, and another 10% have emotional disorders d) Students may display a variety of difficulties, issues, and behaviors that cause identification and classification to be difficult e) It is important to provide...
Words: 1580 - Pages: 7
...Intellectual disabilities commonly known by “Mental Retardation”, is dubbed for a term used to describe a person's ability to learn at a less than expected level and function in one's daily life. There are several known types of cognitive functions ranging from mild to severe that are viewed as with some form of Intellectual disability or another. The hypotheses of individuals who display or experience mental retardation normally have some type of mental or physical impairment. Due to the barriers and stigmas associated with around the term mental retardation, association, institutions and various fields are adapting to the new terminology intellectual disabilities. According to my reading, in 1990, Congress passed a Law 101-476, recognizing the Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts (IDEA). (Thomas, 2013) Special education terminology has historically under gone construction several times in the United States. (Thomas, 2013) As I began to discuss various questions related to individuals with Intellectual disabilities, you will see how the terminology, law, and the identification of ID is very much an open wide debate. Interesting enough, what was perceived as my understanding of children with Intellectual disabilities was not to far off in terms of my opinion. I would venture to say that, maybe I was not as informed as previously thought off. Now, moreover, in knowing that there are different levels of disabilities, ignorant people, I including, almost categorize...
Words: 1742 - Pages: 7
...Should primary children with learning disabilities be taught in mainstream education? In the UK more and more parents are finding themselves having to put their children who have learning disabilities into mainstream education, mainly because One of the main reasons for this is that the government have not got enough money to fund specialist schools or to train teachers to specialise in this area to look after children who have these learning disabilities Also the ones we have The existing specialist schools are already full and almost at breaking point. More and more classes around the UK have at least one or two children with a learning disability, and people are beginning to think about the effect they have on the class, the teachers and the child. A class in which there are pupils with learning disabilities can be seen as an advantage. This is because children haven’t got a clear understanding of differences and knowing one of their peers has a learning disability can help the pupils have an understanding of their fellow peer and their disability. It can help the child to tolerate and accept those with learning disabilities. This in time will spread into the child developing an understanding of not just learning disabilities but other differences that set their future peers and colleagues apart from them. It will develop the child’s empathy towards their peers and this is a vital life skill. For a child with learning disabilities being in a mainstream class will also...
Words: 1413 - Pages: 6
... Grimes, J., Reschly, D., & Schrag, J. (2001). PSM review team report. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Public Schools. Foorman, B. R., & Torgesen, J. (2001). Critical elements of classroom and small group instruction promote reading success in all children. Learning disabilities: Research and Practice, l6(4), 203–212. Fuchs, D., Mock, D., Morgan, P., & Young, C. (2003). Responsiveness-to-intervention: Definitions, evidence, and implications for the learning disabilities construct. Learning Disabilities: Research and Practice, 18(3), 157–171. Fuchs, L. S., Fuchs, D., & Speece, D. L. (2002). Treatment validity as a unifying construct for identifying learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 25, 33–45. Gresham, F. M. (2002). Responsiveness to intervention: An alternative approach to the identification of learning disabilities. In R. Bradley, L. Danielson, & D. P. Hallahan (Eds.), Identification of learning disabilities: Research to practice (pp. 467–519). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Ikeda, M. J., & Gustafson, J. K. (2002). Heartland AEA 11’s problem solving process: Impact on issues related to special education (Research Rep. No. 2002-01). Johnston, IA: Heartland Area Education Agency. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004, PL 108-446, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 et seq. Learning Disabilities Roundtable. (2002, July). Specific learning disabilities: Finding common ground. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research...
Words: 1047 - Pages: 5
...Psychopathology Specific Learning Disorders Table of contents Index Pages Introduction 3 Diagnostic criteria 4 Aetiology 11 Differential diagnosis 14 Comorbodity 16 Prevalence 16 Prevention and Treatment 17 Prognosis 18 Multicultural factors 19 Social factors 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Stupid Slow Stubborn A tiny fragment of words used, labels for children and people with specific learning disorders. If only they understood Introduction The most basic definition of a specific learning disorder/disability according to Gould (2005) cited in Rörich (2008) is when a learner has an average to above average intelligence, with normal vision and hearing, and receives the same teaching experiences as other learners his age. He, however, underachieves. He is unable to keep up with his peers and generally cannot cope with the demands of the school (pp16). Margari (2013) defines SLD’s as that which are characterizations of academic functioning that are below the level that would be expected given their age, Intelligent Quotient and grade level in school, and interfere significantly with academic performances or daily life activities that require reading, writing or calculation skills. The gist of it, is that specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental/cognitive disorders that Hulme and Snowling (2009,pp22) define as “typically characterized...
Words: 5077 - Pages: 21
...understand.” (Schwartz). This allows them to find ways to further help their students and see what topics need focused on in the future. Also parents like the idea that they are able to see what their children have been learning and to see where they are struggling. One parent states that “ through homework,we could see what he was learning and what he was having trouble with”( Schwartz). Which allows them to help their children when they are struggling in their classes. Many viewers of this topic believe that parents are a key aspect in their child's education when it comes to homework. “Most educators believe homework can encourage good study habits that endure, as a 2010 report on homework in elementary schools from the Conseil superieur de l'education observes, and can also promote independence. The report of the Conseil, an arm's length advisory body to Quebec's education ministry, observes also that homework involves parents in their children's education” (Schwartz). Although many view that homework is a positive tool when learning, there are those who see it as a negative thing. Schwartz included those opinions that disagree with homework into her article. She found that many parents believe “that it can actually decrease a child's interest in learning, that it leaves kids with less leisure time, and that having parents intervene in homework can lead to conflict.”(Schwartz). Students have more things to do in their life than just go to school. Their days are filled with...
Words: 1023 - Pages: 5
...Heather Cox Grand Canyon University: SPE-330 January 29, 2012 Investigating Special Education Internet Resources TABLE OF CONTENTS Special Education Associations Page • National Association of Special Education Teachers (NASET) 4 • National Education Association (NEA) 4 • International Association for Special Education (IASE) 4 Professional Development • Council for Exceptional Children 5 Legal Rights and Resources for Parents • Ed.gov IDEA 5 • Wrights Law 5 • The ARC 6 • National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) 6 • American Academy of Child & Adolescence Psychiatry 6 • Parent Pals.com 7 Educational Resources • ePals 7 • Glogster 7 Individual Disability Resources • Time 4 Learning-ADD/ADHD 8 • Ed.gov- Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders. 8 • Internet 4 Classrooms-Dyslexia 8 • Autism Speaks 9 • MitoAction 9 Special Education Associations National Association of Special Education Teachers (2007). Retrieved January 29, 2012, from http://www.naset.org/ The NASET is a national organization that was founded for future, current and former special education teachers when they had absolutely no organization to call their own. NASET gives support to special education teachers, as well...
Words: 1327 - Pages: 6
...Essay 1 Our nation pursues the ideal that what we look like or where we come from should not determine the benefits or burdens that we bear in our society. Unfortunately, for African Americans, one of the largest minority groups within the United States, this is not a reality. In fact, life has been altered from the moment their lives began as an individual of color. Today, many people tend to remember the victories of African Americans that include abolition of slavery, desegregation, the civil rights movement, and the right to vote before women. People tend to forget the centuries of ugly racism, oppression and violence. The times of slavery, Jim Crow laws, lynching and segregation along with the hardship of having no political voice. Many disregard that for every social policy throughout history with what appeared to be an open door, just became another obstacle for Blacks and step up for Whites. Social policies and government programs have neglected and shortchanged African Americans for decades. Today, African Americans continue to face economic, social and health disparities within society when compared to its white counterparts. African Americans are struggling with unemployment and poverty. According to Fletcher (2013) in 2012, the black unemployment rate was 14.0 percent, 2.1 times the white unemployment rate (6.6 percent). This rate is higher than the average national unemployment rate of 13.1 percent. For those African Americans who are employed, many are unable...
Words: 2401 - Pages: 10
...Sharon S. Lacy EDLS 543; February 1, 2010 Summary and Reflection; Article Critique 1 “Intensive Word Study and Repeated Reading Improves Reading Skills for Two Students with Learning Disabilities” Summary According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), repeated oral reading improves comprehension, as well as reading fluency and word recognition when used in a reading program. The National Reading Panel also reports that these three factors; comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary are important factors for making meaning. The article focuses on the use of word study to help build vocabulary and fluency. The author, reading specialist; Deborah Staudt, describes how she improved the reading skills of her learning disabled students in a south- central school in Pennsylvania by integrating word study with timed repeated reading. Since her students struggled with fluency, fluency was the main goal in addition to comprehension and word recognition. Students were encouraged to set goals for themselves when tracking their reading time. This practice was used to help motivate students and build their automaticity. The author states that students are more likely to forget words more so if they are unable to automatically recognize and read words on their instructional level. Staudt describes how she began her program with the introduction of weekly poems. She recorded the time it took her students to read their poem each day. She also used...
Words: 524 - Pages: 3
...Article Review: Teacher Attitudes Toward Dyslexia: Effects on Teacher Expectations and the Academic Achievement of Students with Dyslexia A study by Bakker, Denessen, Hornstra, van den Bergh, and Voeten (2010) examined teacher attitudes toward dyslexia and the effects of these attitudes on teacher expectations and the academic achievement of students with dyslexia compared to students without learning disabilities (Bakker et al. 2010). The objective of the experiment is to examine whether students with dyslexia are indeed at risk for stigmatization by their regular education teachers, which can result in lower teacher expectations for these students, and whether lower teacher expectations can affect the achievement of students with dyslexia. Throughout this correlational descriptive research study, three research questions took emphasis: 1.) To what extent do teacher attitudes toward dyslexia predict teacher expectations for individual students with dyslexia? 2.) To what extent do teacher attitudes toward dyslexia predict the achievement of students with dyslexia? 3.) Does the association between teacher attitudes toward dyslexia and the achievement of students with dyslexia appear to be significantly mediated by teacher expectations? The results of their study were inconclusive, as they received variable results across the spelling, math, and overall academic achievement that the author(s) was unable to make a definitive correlational statement on the relationship between...
Words: 543 - Pages: 3
...| Curriculum Paper Report – Written Assessment # 2 | Academic Report | Contents: Introduction/Curriculum Focus pg 2 School & Class Context pg 2 Inclusive Teaching Principles pg 2-3 Curriculum features pg 3-5 Potential challenges of curriculum implementation pg 5 References pg 6 Word count: (excluding references) 1,630 Word Count: (Report and Curriculum Plan combined) 2,499 Curriculum Focus The curriculum plan that I have designed is aimed at a Year 8 English class. I have selected the novel ‘Holes’, by Louis Sachar, and have built a novel study around the text. The plan is a six week unit, and the intention is for students to engage with the text, while completing scaffolding tasks to build up to a written piece of assessable work. I have selected this particular novel for a couple of reasons. The language used is fairly simple, and this will assist with student understanding of the text. Also, as this novel has been turned into a film, students have the option of watching the film in their spare time (or as a part of their activity booklet), to assist in attaining meaning from the text. As the ‘choice of curriculum, instruction, and discipline styles can be the difference between success and failure…’ (Obiakor, 2002), I have attempted to include a level of flexibility within the curriculum so that the individual teacher can teach to their own strengths regarding instruction; however, I have...
Words: 1788 - Pages: 8
...CATERING FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN THE REGULAR CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD FUANDAI, Cornelius M. PhD, FCAI Faculty of Education Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022 Keffi Nasarawa State e-mail:- corneyfuan@yahoo.com Abstract The National Policy on Education specifically stipulates that there is need for equality of educational opportunities to all Nigerian children irrespective of any real or imagined disabilities (FNG 2004). The policy further states that Education of children with special needs shall be free at all levels and all necessary facilities that would ensure easy access to education shall be provided via inclusive education or integration of special class and units into ordinary/public classes under the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. These policy statements appear lofty but their attainment under the present situation seems to be a mirage. Already, about seven million Nigerian children of school going age are out of the school system. Besides most of the public schools are overcrowded and over populated with little or no attention paid to the special child. Furthermore, there are not enough qualified personnel and instructional materials in the school system. The implication of this state of affairs in children with special needs is not adequately catered for. Worst still, most of the children with special needs are not identified early enough let alone intervention and remedial programmes arranged for...
Words: 2380 - Pages: 10
