...Summarize Behaviorism and How It Has Affected The Understanding of Learning Cynthia Diane King American InterContinental University Online Abstract Many people would argue that learning cannot stand alone without theories. When broken down, theories are a set of standards that guides us to construct predictions. Ones way of thinking is constructed from birth to adulthood. Theories are not set in stone and do not guarantee results. However, theories do guide a great deal of how we live, teach, and understand the world. As a result, this summary will explore the learning theories which guide our instruction as teachers, students, and how it has affected the understanding of learning. After this summary one will understand what behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist learning theories look like and how the understanding of these theories are applied to learning. The summary of behaviorism and how it has affected the understanding of learning When one thinks of the word behaviorism the root word behavior presents itself. According to Webster (2010) behavior is the way a person carries, acts, or presents oneself. Add ism to the word and it becomes a doctrine and/or theory. As a result, behaviorism is the theory that the way one presents oneself can be changed. Teachers may identify with the word behaviorism as the word behavior management. This an issue that one has found to be the most probing question of teachers…what type of behavior management...
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...Traditional Learning Theories Strayer University Understanding the learning process has been a goal of philosophers for centuries. With the investigating of learning through scientific processes inroads began to be made in understanding how learning occurs. The three traditional learning theories that are going to be discussed in this paper include behavioral, cognitive, and constructivism. The paper will also examine the various teaching methods for each strategy. Best described “learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one’s knowledge, skills, values, and worldviews”, (Merriam, 2007, p. 277). Each theory discussed aims to give an explanation of how the learning process occurs. The behaviorist theory was developed in the early twentieth century (Merriam, 2007). Behaviorism has had many contributions from various individuals. There are three core premises that behaviorist believe to be true. These include: a focus on external measurable behavior, and that learning occurs through a change in behavior (Merriam, 2007). Next, what the learner is able to learn is based on their environment, not the learner themselves. Finally, learning is based on contiguity and reinforcement (Merriam, 2007). The behaviorist theory as it applies to education is concerned with the observable behavior a of the learner (Merriam, 2007). There...
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...Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the thought that all behavior attain when conditioned is considered behaviorism. Also, behaviorism is the scientific study of observable behavior. Behaviorism is more interested with behavior than with feeling or knowing. The main focus is the objective and observable components of behavior. The behaviorist theories all share some version of stimulus-response mechanisms for learning. Behaviorism originated with the work of John B. Watson, an American psychologist. Watson held the view that psychology should only concern itself with the study of behavior, and he was not concerned with the mind or with human consciousness. This paper will discuss the history behind behaviorism, the components of the theory, and how behaviorism develops new behavior. Behaviorism is conducted by stimuli and it decides to select one response instead of another due to the conditioning. It assume that the learner is passive and starts off with a clean slate. The behavior then goes threw and positive and negative reinforcement. Behaviorists study stimulus events that cause behavior to occur, stop occurring, or change in some way as a function of antecedents or consequences to behavior. Behavioral scientists recognize, however, that environmental events that affect behavior as antecedents or consequences often vary from person to person. John B. Watson and B.F Skinner originated the behaviorist approaches to learning. Watson thought...
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...November, Hobart, Tasmania Suggested format for citing papers: Author, I. (2011). Title of paper. In J. Skalicky, A. Adam, D. Abbott, & G. Kregor (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Teaching Matters Annual Conference. Sharing practice [online], Hobart: Centre for the Advancement of Learning and Teaching, University of Tasmania. © CALT 2011. The works included in these conference papers are the property of their authors and are used by permission. Readers should apply the same principles of fair use to the works in this electronic journal that they would to a published, printed journal. These works may be read online, downloaded for personal use, or the URL of a document (from this server) included in another electronic document. The text itself may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, or otherwise altered without the permission of the author. As with printed materials, care should be taken when excerpting or referencing text to ensure that the views, opinions and arguments of the author accurately reflect those contained in the original work. Applying the Bioecological Theory of Human Development to learning: Enhancing student engagement in online learning. Dr Lindsay Smith University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia L.M.Smith@utas.edu.au Abstract: This paper explores the application of the bioecological theory of human development to online learning and teaching. Bioecological theory advocates that by strengthening human relationships...
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...will be away from my e-mail for an extended period to exceed 24 hours, I will post a message to that effect. The best way to reach me is by posting a question in your Individual folder, since the classroom is checked frequently. Phone calls are not a good way to contact me because I travel a great deal. In the extremely rare event that phone contact must occur, the best way is to schedule an appointment in advance. The University discourages the use of email during class times, preferring us to use the Individual folders. For emergencies, when you are not able to gain access to messages on the Online Learning System (OLS), please send a message to my personal email address. General Course Description This course seeks to synthesize the many theories of human motivation with the practical application of motivating employees. To this end, the course will examine historical theories as well as recent developments in the field of motivation and their relationship to management practices. The primary concepts of goals, quality of work, and rewards will be examined and applied to the workplace. It is important to write well. We will be using APA format for all written...
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...Cycles of Organisational Learning: A Conceptual Approach Dr Peter Murray Senior Lecturer Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Department of Business, Macquarie University, NSW. Australia. Phone +61 2 98508468 Email: p.murray@mq.edu.au Key Words: unbounded learning, integrated learning cycles, competencies Abstract In an environment of rapid change, organisational learning theory appears to offer much for organisations trying to grapple with change and growth. Not all theorists agree on the methodologies of organisational learning however, and there is little consensus about how organisations achieve both change and growth simultaneously. This paper attempts to expand the simplistic idea that organisational learning is an adaptive approach supported by individualized and stand-alone strategies of learning. The paper demonstrates how various conventions of learning can be understood as integrated learning cycles from which organisations can chart new paradigms of learning in practice. Current theories of organizational learning are imbued with their own sense of history making, clever manifestos that support a workshop or case study approach, and questionable rather than empirical validations of internally consistent phenomenon. Existing theories of learning however are valuable to the extent that they collectively represent a community of practice from which scholars and practitioners benefit. New conceptual approaches are needed...
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...PSY 202 Complete Class Week One Learning Outcomes This week students will: * Become familiar with course goals and procedures. * Identify three domains of development. * Illustrate the benefit of life experiences for the adult learner. * Discuss the role of negative and positive influences in creating a successful life stage. Overview Assignment | Due Date | Format | Grading Percent | Post Your Introduction | Day 1 | Discussion | 2 | Domains of Development | Day 3 (1st post) | Discussion | 3 | Past and Present Experience | Day 3 (1st post) | Discussion | 3 | Week One Quiz | Day 6 | Quiz | 5 | Note: The online classroom is designed to time students out after 90 minutes of inactivity. Because of this, we strongly suggest that you compose your work in a word processing program and copy and paste it into the discussion post when you are ready to submit it. Reading 1. Read everything located under the Course Home link in the left navigation of the online course. 2. In order to successfully complete this week’s assignments, read the following chapter from the text, Adult Development and Lifetime Assessment: * Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of Adult Development PDF Discussions To participate in the following Discussion Forums, go to this week’s Discussion link in the left navigation: 1. Domains of Development Identify the three domains of development, as described in Chapter 1 of the course text. Why is it essential to consider each domain when...
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...Classical Conditioning Paper Nicole Young PSY/390 January 23,2012 Dr. Steve Lazarre Classical Conditioning Paper In the mind of B. F. Skinner learning is considered to be a relatively permanent change in an individual or animals behavior due to practice and experience. Classical condition is a type of learning generated by a response from one stimulus to another unlearned stimulus. This form of classical conditioning was founded by Ivan Pavlov and he is most famous for his experiment with dogs and the bell. In Pavlov’s experiment with classical conditioning it involved the salivary glands of canines. The scenario for this paper will teach a dog to not chew on furniture, using classical conditioning and, vinegar in a spray bottle. Classical conditioning was discovered accidentally by Ivan Pavlov, who was a Russian physiologist. Pavlov discovered this form of learning while researching digestion. Pavlov’s classical conditioning is a form of learning through acquired experiences. Classical conditioning is where an earlier or previously neutral stimulus causes a reaction or reflex to a physical response (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). As he observed dogs beginning to drool when food was shown Pavlov could then begin to predict the other forms of stimulation. As Pavlov further researched the response from the canine, Pavlov found that when he presented a bell to the animal he could then reproduce the animals’ reaction to salivating with just the sound of the bell and...
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...Learning Experience Paper Joshua Catt PSY/103 March 7, 2016 Sandra Mohr Learning Experience Paper This paper is going to discuss the personal experience that have provided me ability to analyze the perspective to learning theories. The experiences that are examined are through classical conditioning, operant condition and cognitive social learning theory. The experience I am going to discuss is the fear I have of snakes and the reasons why I have this fear. To provide some insight about my fear of snakes let me tell you a little about the background. Snakes ae very prominent in Arizona because of the climate that is there. When I was a kid there was never a day that went by that I never saw a snake slithering outside of my house. This fear that I talk about is best explained through Pavlov’s classical conditioning. According to (Feist, 2008) the type of learning that is through the neutral stimulus can be associated with the meaningful stimulus that requires the capacity to a response that is somewhat similar. The fear of snakes that I have comes back to me when I was a young boy riding around on my bike. It was a normal day when I was riding around on my bike like I did any other day when I passed a field that had some tall weeds. When I drove past this field a baby rattler leaped out and attached his fangs into by back tire. If anyone knows about baby rattlers when they strike they are very poisonous because they don’t understand when to stop putting venom out. So...
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...Policy issues paper Brandon Quisano CJA314 September, 05, 2014 Oscar Diaz Policy issues paper In this paper, I hope to analyze and figure out what causes individuals to commit crimes and the many theories in criminology. Social process theory is one such assumption and argues that interaction and interacting with other individuals certain criminal behaviors are learned. There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, social labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspective. The developmental process and background of social process theories will be discussed in this paper. Also the important parts of this theory to criminology and the pro’s and con’s that are a part of the theory. Social learning theory is when consequences are observed of others and thinking about copying a behavior is called social learning theory. To put in a nut shell, this thoery explains that human beings are educated by observing others. Identifying certain patterns in behavior of the criminal kind and the values that went along with them theorists such as Edwin Sutherland, Robert Burgess, and Ronald L. Akers developed in the 1930’sLearning theory. Other well known theorists Albert Bandura also helped in this theory and developed Recipricol determinism that emphasizes how a person’s behavior, enviroment and their personal qualities all intertwined with each other. (“Learning-Theories.com”,2012). Developed by Bandura are these steps number...
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...Learning Personality Paper Tyra Bailey, Edward Oliver, Jr. Psychology 405 April 10, 2012 Dr. Bruce Peterson Learning Personality Paper Several men such as Albert Bandura, B.F Skinner in 20th century studied learning personally behaviors to change the learning mindset of people in the world. In this learning personality paper Team D, will analyze the strengths and limitations of learning theories when explaining individual leaning behaviors. An assessment of how learning theories affect individual personalities will also be included. Interpersonal relationships and how learning theories may or may not affect the individual will be examined. The learning theories propose that behavior is learned through your environment and what you see around you. The theory believes individuals are born as tabula rasa, which means a blank slate. Although born a “blank slate” the response to stimuli which include pleasure or pain are evident. These theories do not believe in innate nature or automatic personality structure. The influences that the environment has on behavior can be studied and therefore the impact on the personalities can be measured. Theorists are able to control environmental influences which make it easier to manipulate the variables for laboratory testing. Laboratory testing is important when trying to change a psychological theory into a scientific method. The learning theorists believe an individual personality is affected by environmental influences and learned...
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...page of my paper. | | The “Title Page”, which is formatted in accordance with APA Guidelines, is the second page of my paper. | | The page following the Title Page is marked page #2 and subsequent pages are numbered sequentially. All page markings appear in the lower, right hand corner of the each page. | | My entire paper (everything) is double spaced. | | I have not included an “introduction” or “opening paragraph” and have instead launched right into the review of the assigned topic. | | Each claim or fact presented in my paper is supported with a reference citation. | | For each quotation, there is a citation of the page number(s) from the original source. | | On average, there are no more than one quotation every two pages. | | I have not cited or mentioned the first and last names of authors in the body of my text. I have included first initials and last names of authors on the “Reference” page, which is the last page of my paper. | | I have not cited or mentioned the title of an article or book in the body of my paper, but have instead included this information on the “Reference” page. | | I have made sure that when citing a reference at the end of a sentence that I have placed the period after the parentheses which contains the reference (example). | | My paper does not include any personal stories from my own life or experience. | | I have carefully proofread the entire paper and have ensured that my paper is free from...
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...purpose of this paper is to conduct a formal needs assessment to determine the learning needs of a group of certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) preceptors at a large teaching institution in Baltimore, Maryland. The mission of this institution and the department is “…to improve the health of the community and the world by setting the standard of excellence in medical education, research and clinical care. Diverse and inclusive, {the institution} educates medical students, scientists, health care professionals and the public; conducts biomedical research; and provides patient-centered medicine to prevent, diagnose and treat human illness”(Johns Hopkins Medicine, ND). The group of learners that was identified-CRNA preceptors-is...
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...EXAMINING THEORY PAPER INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Neil Holmes CJA/314 Criminology 06/05/14 Chris DeRicco In this paper, I hope to explain the reasons why people commit crimes and the many theories in the field of criminology. Social process theory is one such assumption and argues that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others. There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, social labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspective. This paper will analyze two of the theories and will discuss social process theory and the history of its development, also the theory’s importance to criminology, examples of the theory and any negatives or positives associated with the theory. Social learning theory is the process that occurs through observing the consequences of others and by determining if such behavior is worth replicating (Wallace, n.d.). To put in a nut shell, basically this theory advises that humans learn by watching other commit crimes. This theory was developed in the 1930s by theorists Edwin Sutherland, Robert Burgess, Ronald L. Akers...
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...Behaviorism and Its Effect on the Understanding of Learning AIU Online Abstract This paper focuses on a brief summary on the history of behaviorism, starting with experiments conducted by Franklin Henry Giddings and Ivan Pavlov, a sociologist and a physiologist whom established the groundwork for behaviorism, particularly in America. In addition, this paper also explains the main components of behaviorism, which are classical conditioning and operant conditioning, connectionism, and the contiguity theory. It moves forward to explain four experiments that are popular through the study of behaviorism: the reason behind conditioned salivation in Ivan Pavlov’s dogs, conditioned responses in humans through Watson’s little Albert experiment, Thorndike’s research with cats and a puzzle box to demonstrate the law of effect through the use of reinforcements, and B.F. Skinner’s experiment with rats to prove how an organism learns through operant conditioning. Finally, this paper examines how, according to behaviorists, there are three principles of learning new and intricate behaviors, known as shaping, chaining, and fading. Behaviorism and Its Effect on the Understanding of Learning Behaviorism suggests that an organism learns from its environment. It is the result of the association between a stimulus and a response. An organism learns new behavior through classical or operant conditioning. It is a theory that does not base its ideals on emotions or prior knowledge. Some say behaviorism...
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