...DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT * The change that has most impacted orgs in the past decade has been the growing realisation that people are an organisation’s primary source of CA (Ruona and Gibson, 2004) * Demographic changes in labour force + globalisation, has inspired HR to become increasingly more effective at developing programs that leverage the differences and diversity in the workforce * Differences in approaches: wider debate of convergent/divergent approaches to HRM WHAT IS DM? * Broadest sense: diversity in org terms means differences between working individuals such as gender, ethnicity, colour sexuality, religion, disability, age, social status, personality, amongst other categories (Ellis & Dick, 2002) * However, important to look at diversity at a national level, as the predominant diversity issues in each country are different (Shen et al., 2009). E.g while racial equality appears to be the predominant issue in the USA, multiculturalism has always been the most important dimension of diversity in Western countries, including the EU nations, Aus and NZ. * Similarly, while religion and ethnicity separate people in India, household status (hukou) differentiates off-farm migrants from urbanities in China. * In response to the growing diversity in the WF around the world, many companies have instituted specific policies/programs to enhance recruitment, inclusion, promotion and retention of disadvantaged groups * DM has historically...
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...diversification product development is expansion of product range and market development is expansion of customer base both help strategy development and implementation and basically consider based org capabilities and strategy product and market options the ansoff product -market matrix increase, develop new product and market based on experience ,capabilities fist do what you have experience and capabilities and let it exhausted then move to other area (have capability increase in excising market do it until exhausted it then move to increase in market then to new product then to new market growth in existing products and ,markets good for start up or growth phase org where penetration has not saturated increase the frequency of usage (frequent flyer) increase the qty of usage( coke 1.25 ltr) find new application for current users , attract more customer in same segment of customer base ( supply to Coles along with Woolworth to obtain Coles customers following question shows how to increase market and customer base 1 who we serve and who we don’t and who stop and why ? 2 can products to be serve different way 3 can increase plan capacity 4 need any change to marketing , distribution and pricing , how it affect existing customer and employee protect the image of org and become higher concentration in the market help heavily to increase product and market share -need to address the customer complaints effectively and timely and the manner they want ( if social media...
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...Strategic management chapter 1 Strategy is the direction and scope of an org over the long-term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. Characteristics of strategic decisions • Long-term direction • The scope of an organisation’s activities • Advantages being obtained over competitors • Strategic fit with the business environment- addressing change in the business environment • The organisation’s resources and competences- strategy is about exploiting the strategic capability of an org, to provide competitive advantage and/or yield new opportunities. • The values and expectations- of powerful actors in and around the org who can drive fundamental issues within it. The above are likely to: • Be complex in nature- defining feature of strategy and strategic decisions, especially so in orgs with wide geographical scope. • Be made in situations of uncertainty- inherent in strategy, as no one can be sure about the future • Affect operational decisions- if operational aspects are not in line with strategy then you will not succeed. Competence in particular operational activities might determine which strategic development might make more sense • Require an integrated approach, inside and outside the org- managers have to cross functional and operational boundaries to deal with strategic problems and come to agreements with other managers who...
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...The Princes Trust advice leaflet Business ownership & organisation Abhinav dixit Abhinav dixit Types of organisations | Explanation of ownership | Example of organisation with this ownership | Provides product or service | Local | Local shops are just in the area, and is mostly owned by sole trader which means he is on charge of the running of the business day by day. | Restaurant: trattoria sorrentina. | It could provide product and service as well depending on the kind of the business. | National | National organisation usually are more than 2 outlet under working under the same outlet brand, which means they provide the same products no matter where the outlet is.The ownership of these are partnership or stake holders. | Morrison, | They provide products food and grocery | International | International is when the organisation is working in more than 2 countries under the same brand. This organisation is plc | H&m | They all provide products such as cloths | Global | Global organisation all over the globe and this organisation are own by a stakeholders which means global company are privet limited companies. | Macdonalds, | They provide products being a restaurant fast food they provide burgers and chips and drinks. | Public | All the public organisation are made for the public benefit use and are owned by the government. | NHS, | They provide service such as health care. | Private | Privet are all owned by people who looks just for profit...
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...analysing and communicating current position of Org Means of communicating tasks of coordinating complex activities towards the goals of Org Emergence - Changes in nature of Ownership and management, Changing and gloabliisng market conditions, New Org structures Org vision and mission statement articulates its strategy, Org performance relative to its strategy is in performance review in Annual Report Telstra One Factory Approach - Bringing together Operations and Management of IT System, removing duplication and complexity in system. Leadership Leadership = influence process “Follower-ship” different from management “Subordinate-ship” Power & Influence – Power to change people’s behaviour and Influence to change their preferences Can be exercised from any level or position within an Org Capacity to motive and elicit employee commitment Effective and Forward thinking Accountant Roles in Strategic Leadership 2 External Environment – Analysing an Industry Process includes – definition of ‘Industry’, Life Cycle Stage, Evolution, how factors may change their impact on future growth & profitability, what drives customers demand, Critical Success factors & how competitors compete Gathering Data – Internet, Public Agencies & Statutory Authorities, Industry Associations, Annual Reports, IPOs, University, Consultancy Firms, Lobbying Orgs., Intelligent Assumptions. Definition of ‘Industry’ – Group of Business producing close substitutes, Wider definitions minimises...
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...word is of military origin, deriving from the Greek word strategous, which roughly translates as general. Or Strategy is defined as the comprehensive (complete/broad) & integrated (included/ incorporated) plan to assure that the basic objective of the co or enterprises are achieved. CORPORATE STRATEGY/ STRATEGIC MGMT: It focuses on how managers formulate and implement, and evaluate strategies or plans aimed at developing and maintaining competitive advantage. Here competitive advantage means “the reason some firms enjoy higher levels of performance than their rivals or competitors” FEATURES OF STRATEGY: It includes planning & implementation. It is creative in nature. It is a dynamic & flexible program. It includes all the levels of Org. but maximum efforts are done by Top & Middle Mgmt. Its Life Span is Limited. It is Future Oriented or Forward Looking It offers Broad Guidelines or blueprints to be successful. Strategy is a well defined roadmap of an organization. (mission & Vision are defined). COMPONENTS OF STRATEGY: The strategy statement of a firm sets the firm’s long-term strategic direction and broad policy directions. It gives the firm a clear sense of direction and a blueprint for the firm’s activities for the upcoming years. The main constituents of a strategic statement are as follows: a) STRATEGIC INTENT(PLAN/TGT/GOAL) An organization’s strategic intent is the purpose that it exists and why it will continue to exist, providing it maintains a competitive advantage...
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... Mon. May 5. 2014. Chapter 1 -‐ Organizations and Organizational Theory Org theory helps us understand and explain what happened to an org in the past and what may happen in the future so that we can manage orgs more effectively. Important to choose the right change strategy and design the right structure depending on the changing environment and its impact on the org à orgs are not static! Adapt to external env. *Theory: ideas about what something is, how it works; the key elements are generalizability, explanation, prediction! Large, successful orgs are still vulnerable; orgs are only as strong as their decision makers. • Current Challenges • Challenges today are different from the past, so org theory is evolving. • Top execs say that coping with rapid change is the most common problem in orgs. • Globalization: world is shrinking with rapid advances in tech/communications à ...
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...3.0 PESTEL ANALYSIS 3.1 POLITICAL The company has no political pressures on it at present. The political framework of the country supports the Retailership businesses. Kroger took part in the campaign started by USO, which is a not for profit organization that aims to serve the US military troops and their families; this initiative was a collaborative effort by Kroger and P&G (WGSC org, 2011). 3.2 ECONOMIC The economic environment of the company is not performing up to the mark. The customers are increasingly cutting off their expenses by limiting the number of purchases and visits to the stores. The economic downturn has adversely affected the businesses and other operations in US. Kroger is no different from the other companies but due to its intense marketing and customer services strategies it has tried to maintained its position even in the period of recession. 3.3 SOCIAL Kroger is continuously trying to take part in the activities to promote the culture and social benefits to the people of country. Food safety is Kroger’s top priority. They have well-established, science-based practices in place to ensure that the food items sold in the stores are prepared and handled safely. Kroger recently began a new customer notification system for certain types of recalls. Using customer loyalty database, they are able to notify customers via register receipts about recalls of products they may have purchased. They use personalized communications to the customers (Kroger...
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...intermediaries & Apple differentiation -first step toward achieving objective is to describe in more detail what superior performance/competitive adv mean and to explain pivotal role that managers play in leading strategy-making process Strategic Leadership: creating competitive adv through effective mgmt. of the strategy-making process -strat-making process is the process by which managers select/implement a set of strategies that ain to achieve a competitive adv Strategy Formulation: selecting strategies based on analysis of an org’s external/internal environment Strategy Implementation: putting strategies into action includes designing, delivering, and supporting products; improving efficiency of ops; designing company’s org structure/control systems Strategic Leadership, Competitive Advantage, and Superior Performance -strategic leadership is concerned with managing the strategy-making process to increase performance of a company, thereby...
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...organizational planning. Examine the nature and role of HRM info system(HRMIS) in HRP and SHRM Develop an understanding of the techniques of HRP and advantages/disadvantages of HRP process I.HRP and SHRM HRP is the bridge between HRS and HR Function(Activity).It’s the process through which the Organisational Goals are translated into HR goals in staff-ing levels and allocation HRP ensures the org have the right people with right skill in right place at the right time. HRP guides the long-term resourcing of people in org-the acquisition(capture),use and development of Human capital and knowledge assets Workfoce Planning(HRP)=>Preparing to recruit=>Attracting Staff=>Recruiting and selecting staff=>Developing and retaining staff. Step:Environmental Scanning(External and internal)=>Labour Demand Forecasting=>Labour supply analysis=>Balancing demand and supply Emphasied the need to diagnose(discover) the real reasons for mismatches in supply/demand Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques It Involves: Forecasting labour requirement for an org Predicting likely(will happen) sources Environmental Scanning Development of Objective and Goals Formulating the necessary steps to meet needs Evaluation(Judgement) of the planning process The HR Planner should: 1st Analyzing Environmental Factors and Organization Direction=>Forecasting Demand Analyzing Internal & External Workforce=>Forecasting Supply 2nd Planning in HR,Employee...
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...Find more on www.studymaterial.ca ADMS 2511 MIS Notes Ch 1 – Modern Organization in the Global, Web-Based Environment Management information systems (MIS)- deals with the planning of info tech to help people perform tasks related to info processing and management Information technology (IT)- any computer-based tool used with info to support the needs of an org Importance of Planning for IT -a new info system can apply to the whole org, or a specific area of the org Application portfolios- are groups of new system proposals (apps that have to be added/modified) IT Planning -begins with an organizational strategic plan -states the firm’s mission, goals, and steps to reach those goals -IT architecture describes the way an org’s info resources should be used to accomplish its mission -includes both technical (hardware operating systems) and managerial aspects (managing the IT dpt, how area managers will be involved) IT strategic plan- LT goals that describe the IT infrastructure and major IT initiatives to achieve the organization’s goals -it must meet three main objectives: -must be aligned with the org’s strategic plan -must provide for an IT architecture that networks users, apps, and databases -must efficiently allocate IS resources among different projects so they can all be completed on time, within budget, and function properly IT steering committee- composed of managers/staff who rep diff organizational units -they establish IT priorities...
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...intentional misstatement of financial statements through omission of critical facts or disclosures, misstatement of amounts, or misapplication of accepted accounting principles. ======================================================================= Types of occupational fraud and abuse: 1. Asset misappropriation (91.5%) - theft or misuse mostly committed by employees where cash is the most targeted asset 2. Corruption (30.8%) 3. Fraudulent statements (10.6%) Six Types of Fraud: 1. Employee Embezzlement (most common, taking company assets) (creating dummy companies and have employers pay for the goods that are not received) a. direct - no middleman (steal cash, inventory, tools, supplies, etc. b. indirect - usually outside of org (ex vendor) (taking bribes from vendors, customers & non-delivery of goods) 2. Management Fraud - top executives manipulating financial statements (WorldCom, Enron) 3....
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...Elixir 2011 Sustainable Success to futuristic approach MR. HARISH BIJOOR: Marketing Approach Sustainability is a movement. Sustainable marketing is all about needs, desires and wants. Marketing is all about practice. It is a communication between you and your customers. Consumer is a morph. There is an impact of recession on the market. Be like the consumer and plan accordingly. Marketers don’t know their customers any more. Brand managers are depending on intermediaries for information, they are focusing on branding and advertising. In such they are building walls between themselves and target segments. Some of the theories suggested by Mr. Harish Bijoor are as follows 1. Get off the script: According to him modern retail store does not occupy less then 5.5% of market it is the Kirana stores that accommodate around 92%. So sustainable marketing is all about focusing in unorganized sector. Let the product speak and not the marketing. Eg: Pizza Hut (Keep the smile going), Jet Flight 2. Trysumers: It means a new consumer. Such consumers try everything before they buy. 3. Demand generation has taken a back seat: “Why buy when you can borrow”. – Proscmer Movement. People nowadays have started considering installments (emi) as an option to try a product and if it suits the consumer needs it will buy. So marketers have to create a demand in order to sustain with the competition. 4. Marketing the sublime and the ridiculous: Marketing hype is distributing real...
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...organization whose membership is made up of over 1,400 private companies and government organizations. ANSI facilitates the development of national standards by accrediting the procedures of the organizations that develop the standards. In order to gain ANSI approval, the document must be developed by a cross-section of both manufacturers and end users. ANSI is also a founding member of the ISO. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an organization of many national specifications bodies from over 160 countries and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO standards are developed by the people that need them, through a consensus process. They ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality (ISO Org., 2015). Each ISO member is the principal standards organization in its country. The members propose the new standards, participate in their development and provide support in collaboration with ISO Central Secretariat for nearly 3.280 technical groups that actually develop the standards. The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers in the United States and abroad. It was developed to ensure the equipment of different manufacturers was compatible and interchangeable. In 2007, the EIA announced that it would be dissolved and formally ceased to exist on February 11, 2011. It continues to live on in the merger of one of its previous sectors, the ECA, and the National Electronic Distributors...
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...http://cyworld.com/zekison The summary of Management Control Systems – Kenneth A. Merchant [Prentice Hall] Summarized by Mooyoung Son Linkoping University SMIO 2009 http://cyworld.com/zekison Chap 1 : MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 1) Causes of Management -Lack of Direction -Motivational Problems -Personal Limitation 2) Avoidance -Activity elimination : Eliminate what is not working properly -Automation -Centralization -Risk Sharing Chapter 2 SECTION II 3) Result Control : Preventive type Control Helps Mgr to address strategy, org, employees are performing - Steps : 1. Define Performance dimension 2. Measure Performance 3. Setting Target 4. Provide Reward - Requirement for Effective Result control : - Knowledge of desired result : Org should know what result are desired - Ability to influence desired result : Employee have influence on result (Controllable) -Ability to measure Controllable result effectively : Org can measure result effectively (Measurable) Result measure should be : Precise, Objective, Timely, Understandable Chapter 3 4) Action Control : To ensure employees act in org’s best interest a. Form of Action control - Behavioral constraints – Negative Form (You can’t do this You can’t do that) - Pre action Review – Scrutiny(详查정밀조사) of action plan (What will they do?) - Action Accountability – (의무義務) Hold employees for action required (You should do this and that) Requires : Define actions acceptable or unacceptable Communicate...
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