...13) calculate total magnification of specimens being viewed * To calculate the total magnification of specimens being viewed, it must first be understood that each objective lens has its own level of magnification, which is then multiplied by 10, as the ocular has a magnification of 10. To calculate the total magnification then, one must multiply the magnification of the objective lens by 10. So, on the 4X objective lens, the total magnification would be 40X. So to calculate the total magnification of specimens being viewed, simply focus the view and multiply the objective lens you’re on by ten. For example, if I was viewing a specimen under the 10X objective, the total magnification would be 100X. 14) estimate sizes of macro and...
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...the validity of the Thin Lens Equation. 2. Theory Lenses and mirrors are used to change the direction, orientation, and magnification of an object. This experiment used lenses known as thin spherical lenses. These lenses are called thin spherical lenses because they have spheres on each surface with large radii compared to the small thickness of the lenses. The focal length (f) of the lens is determined by using the Thin Lens Equation and substituting the objects distance (o) and image distance (i) into it. 1/i+1/o=1/f Thin Lens Equation (1) The Thin Lens Equation can be used to determine how far the object is from the lens. The next thing to find...
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...Ethical Lens Inventory Reflection Introduction to University Studies/101 September 08, 2013 Angie Dorrell Ethical Lens Inventory Reflection The results in the Ethical Lens Inventory and Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Aptitude both worked in concert to give me an overall view of my moral and ethical outlook in an academic and professional capacity. I utilized these two test to aid in fortifying my strengths and recognizing and building on my weakness. The Ethical Lens Inventory (ELI) determined my preferred lens as Rights and Responsibilities and my Core Values as Autonomy and Rationality/Sensibility. Combined these results state the truth of the range of my moral capacity. ELI summarizes my definition of ethical behavior as one who fulfills their duties as an individual and responsible adult who makes responsible choices that benefit the community. I am an individual first and part of the community second, but in all things I seek truth, justice, fairness, and equality. The Your Gift section of the Inventory best describes my view of what everybody should bring to any situation, Self-Knowledge and Free Will. I use my resources and skills to gather and verify information and truth for myself and use it in accordance with what is right and true. Every coin has two sides. The Inventory’s negative traits state I’m can become greedy or judgmental and in my quest to my “Responsible Self” I could face failure, exhaustion, and a lack of satisfaction in the goals...
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...Running head: LENS CRAFTERS ANALYSIS Lens Crafters Analysis Rhonda Polak Principles of Operations Management – BUS 430 January 29, 2012 Lens Crafters Analysis Identifies three key characteristics of LensCrafters at each of the following three levels (for a total of nine). a. CBP, strategy and competitive priorities b. Service delivery system design, and c. Service encounter design LensCrafters’ mission statement is focused on being the best by creating customers for life by delivering legendary customer service, developing and energizing associates and leaders in the world’s best work place, crafting perfect-quality eyewear in about an hour, and delivering superior overall value to meet each customer’s individual needs. (Evans, 2011 second ed) LensCrafters is committed to loving eyes by being: * Passionate-Truly love taking care of people’s eyes * Progressive-Strive to constantly improve every aspect of the vision care experience * Personal-Put the customer first, and seek to connect with them on a long-term relationship basis * Straightforward-Being honest, transparent and upfront with you. Their Customer Benefit Package Design Configuration is the integrated set of goods (eyewear) and services (accurate eye exam and one-hour service) are of equal importance. LensCrafters is a trusted household name across North America, known for providing convenient access to eye exams, a wide choice of frames and lenses, one-hour service, attractive prices...
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...athermalizing a lens system with only one metal by James Wu, jamesw@optics.arizona.edu, ywuumme99@excite.com Figure 1 shows a typical opto-mechanical design for athermalizing a lens system using two metals with dissimilar CTE’s. However, with the vast numbers of glasses to choose from, an athermal technique using only one metal as the metering structure is presented. A look-up table is provided for choosing the glass combinations that yield βlens = αmetal. Introduction In designing a lens system, it is common to start with a known design form and to use familiar glass types. After the optical design evolves to a mature stage, then the mechanical structures are “wrapped around” the prescribed optics. Different opto-mechanical athermal techniques have been developed for this serial approach. However, the mechanical design is strongly influenced by the near-finished lens prescription. For example, Figure 1 shows the opto-mechanical designs suitable for athermalizing some already prescribed lens systems. In order to maintain focus over some temperature fluctuations, two structural materials with dissimilar CTE’s and lengths are chosen to match the change in the focal length. The complexity in this opto-mechanical design adds volume, different materials, additional parts, handling, and assembling to the overall optical system. [pic][pic] (1a) (1b) Figure 1: Athermalizing a triplet and a doublet by matching (α1L1 ± α2L2) of the metering structure to the dF/dT of the lens systems...
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...refractor telescope uses lenses to magnify the image. The light first goes in the primary lens and then the light goes...
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...COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS X First Term Units I. II. III. IV Chemical Substances World of living Effects of Current Natural Resources Total Marks : 90 Marks 33 21 29 07 90 Theme : Materials Unit : Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour (30 Periods) Chemical reactions : Chemical Equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions : combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction. Acids, bases and salts : Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale(Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and non metals : Properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, formation and properties of ionic compounds, basic metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention Theme : The world of The Living Unit : World of Living (20 Periods) Life Processes : "living being". Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. Control and Co-ordination in Animals and Plants : Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones; control and co-ordination in animals : nervous system; voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, chemical co-ordination: animal hormones. Theme : How...
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...Chapter 7 Review By refracting or bending light rays Virtual: image that can't be seen directly; real: image can be seen directly with naked eye Light passes through two lenses forming virtual image, and a magnifying glass appears larger due to refraction, the eyepiece lens contributes to magnification Illumination of a specimen from above used to examine opaque specimens, a transmitted illumination passes light up through a transparent specimen so it wouldn't be able to pass light through an opaque specimen Take the power of the objective and multiply by the power of the eyepiece A measure of its ability to gather light and resolve fine specimen detail at a fixed object distance, the difference is their N.A. For a good general overall view of the specimen Two compound microscopes connected by a bridge that allows you to see two objects in a side by side view Forensic scientist could now compare a know bullet station to an unknown, at the same time and from there could match them up Uses two separate optical paths instead of just one, and produces a 3D image of the specimen Stereoscopic microscope; wide field view, great depths of focus, large working distance, makes it ideal for viewing bulky items The refracted light beams are polarized, both polarized lights pass through the set perpendicular to the first crystal To measure spectra of microscopic samples or microscopic areas on samples The infrared micro spectrophotometer identifies the specimen, and is usually...
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...For other uses, see Lens. A lens. Lenses can be used to focus light. A lens is an optical device which transmits and refracts light, converging or diverging the beam.[citation needed] A simple lens consists of a single optical element. A compound lens is an array of simple lenses (elements) with a common axis; the use of multiple elements allows more optical aberrations to be corrected than is possible with a single element. Lenses are typically made of glass or transparent plastic. Elements which refract electromagnetic radiation outside the visual spectrum are also called lenses: for instance, a microwave lens can be made from paraffin wax. The variant spelling lense is sometimes seen. While it is listed as an alternative spelling in some dictionaries, most mainstream dictionaries do not list it as acceptable.[1][2] Contents * 1 History * 2 Construction of simple lenses * 2.1 Types of simple lenses * 2.2 Lensmaker's equation * 2.2.1 Sign convention of lens radii R1 and R2 * 2.2.2 Thin lens equation * 3 Imaging properties * 4 Aberrations * 4.1 Spherical aberration * 4.2 Coma * 4.3 Chromatic aberration * 4.4 Other types of aberration * 4.5 Aperture diffraction * 5 Compound lenses * 6 Other types * 7 Uses * 8 See also * 9 References * 10 Bibliography * 11 External links * 11.1 Simulations History | This section requires expansion with: history...
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...Concave lenses have a negative optical power which compensates for the excessive positive dioptres of the myopic eye. Negative dioptres are generally used to describe the severity of the myopia, as this is value of the lens to correct the eye. Figure 2 shows the effect of concave lens in correcting the myopic eye. Power of a Lens: In concave lens, a collimated beam of light passing through the lens is diverged. The power of the lens can be calculated from the focal length of the lens. P = 1/f, where, P= Power of the lens and f = Focal length of the lens Simulation: The project uses Maya as the simulation tool for obtaining the 3D model of the glass. Various parts of the glass including the rim, temple are printed out using 3D printer. A LED light is attached to the left temple of the glass. This would improve the vision in low or dim light environment. As an improvisation from other glasses, the right temple consists of a model of microphone which would enable the person wearing the glass to attend calls easily. Figure 3 shows the 3D model of the glass in Maya Autodesk...
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...How does it work Powerful microscopes shed new light on the teeny tiny and make the invisible, visible. They've played an enormous part in science by taking us deep into worlds we've come to think of as "microscopic." Besides, microscopes are effectively just tubes packed with lenses, curved pieces of glass that bend light rays passing through them. The simplest microscope of all is a magnifying glass made from a single convex lens, which typically magnifies by about 5–10 times. Microscopes used in homes, schools, and professional laboratories are actually compound microscopes and use at least two lenses to produce a magnified image. There's a lens above the object (called the objective lens) and another lens near your eye (called the eyepiece or ocular lens). Each of these may, in fact, be made up of a series of different lenses. Most compound microscopes can magnify by 10, 20, 40, or 100 times, though professional ones can magnify by 1000 times or more. For greater magnification than this, scientists generally use electron microscopes. To see a fly's eye in detail, our own eyes would need to be able to process details that are millimeters divided into thousands—millionths of a meter (or microns, as they're usually called). To study a fly's eye really well, we need it to be maybe 10–100 cm (4–40 in) across: the sort of size it would be in a nice big photo. That's the job a microscope does. Using very precisely made glass lenses, it takes the minutely separated light rays coming...
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...The use of 1 Microscopes Name: Khulud Abdulaziz Nazer ID: U00045236 September 23 2014 General biology lab Section: 13 T Instructor: Tasneem Obaid Introduction: Microscopes are instruments used to enlarge objects that are too small to be seen by one’s eyes. Microscopy is the science of the examination of small objects using microscopes. Technically we have two types of microscopes, the optical microscope which was first invented in late 1500s. It uses light and glass lenses (objectives) to magnify the image of an object up to 4X, 10X, 40X and a 100X. The second type is the electron microscope which was developed at early 1900s, it uses an electron beam in the place of light and electromagnets in the place of objectives to allow a much higher resolution up to two million times. In this experiment we will be using the optical microscope and not the electron microscope to examine specimens, as it is available in almost all the laboratories. In addition, the costs of the optical microscope is too low compared to that of the electron microscope. Moreover, the optical microscope can be stored in normal room temperature and pressure not requiring a vacuum as the electron one does. Materials: Compound light microscope and stereomicroscope. Prepared dry mount of the letter “e” . A plug. Method: First of all, we used a compound light microscope to assess the letter “e”. We followed the following procedure; A slide of dry mount of letter “e” was...
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...physiology of taste. 9. Describe what you know about the genetics of taste. 10. Explain the relationship between smell, taste and flavor. 11. Draw a diagram of a sagittal section of the eye, name the parts, and summarize the function of each part. 12. Describe the accessory structures associated with the eye (eyelids, extraocular muscles etc.). 13. Draw a simple outline diagram of the neural retina, showing the arrangement of the five neural cells found in it. What are their names? 14. To your diagram, add the cells of the non-neural retina. 15. Name the glial cell found in the retina. 16. Draw a rod and a cone, showing outer segment, inner segment, mitochondria, nucleus and synapse. 17. Explain how the cornea and lens function to focus an image of the external scene on the retina. 18. Explain why everything looks blurred if you open your eyes under water, and why you can see perfectly well when you have a face mask (relate this to Snell’s Law of refraction – see supplement on optics and the eye at the end of these objectives ). 19. With diagrams explain the process of accommodation. 20. List five examples of refractive problems with the eye, and how they may be corrected. 21. Describe the...
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...microscope. When carrying a compound microscope always take care to lift it by both the arm and base, simultaneously. Ocular with Pointer eyepiece which magnifies image projected by objective Body Tube maintains the correct distance between the eyepiece and the objectives (usually 25 cm) Arm supports the body tube and is used to carry the microscope Coarse Adjustment a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus Fine Adjustment a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus Nosepiece holds the objectives and can be rotated to change the magnification Objective Lenses Adjustable lens system that permits the use of a low power lens, a medium lens, a high power lens, or an oil immersion lens Low Power This objective lens provides the lowest magnification Medium Power This objective lens provides a medium magnification level High (Dry) Power This objective lens provides the second highest magnification Oil Immersion the use of a drop of oil, that has the same...
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...Chapter 15: Refraction and Lenses Refraction of Light If water waves in a ripple tank travel from water with a depth of 1 cm into a shallow area with a depth of .3 cm, the water will slow down. In a ripple tank the depth can be changed by placing a sheet of plexiglass or glass in the water. In the picture to the right the area to the left is deeper water and the the the right is shollow. The picture shows that when the water travels into a shallow area and slows down, the wavelength will shorten. We learned in the last chapter that when waves travel into a new medium the frequency remains the same so if the wavespeed decreases, the wavelength must decrease. If the wavefronts cross a boundary at an angle and slow down we get a bending of the front. This bending of the path of the waves as they pass from one medium to another is called refraction. It occurs because the leading edge of the front slows down while the front in the faster medium keeps its original speed. If the path of the wave front changes, the path of a ray will also change. Here bending occurs when the ray crossing the boundary is not perpendicular to the boundary. Physicists have invented a concept called the index of refraction (symbol is n) to indicate how much the speed is changed when working with light waves. The equation is: The index of refraction is a ratio, so it has no units. Some times the term index of refraction is called optical density. A material with a higher...
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