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Leos Four-Plex

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1. Inledning
1.1 Problem
Vid en genomgång av caset Leo’s Four-Plex Theaters räkenskaper fann professorn att det fanns vissa problem inom verksamheten. Professorn noterade att det fanns en differens mellan försäljningsintäkterna och värdet av de sålda biljetterna. Skillnaden var de flesta gånger liten, men denna gång saknade en kassör 100$ i försäljningsintäkter, vilket måste tolkas som mer än en differens som uppstår på grund av svinn.
Ett annat problem var att kassörerna som sålde förfriskningar var unga, och kände många av kunderna eftersom de var jämnåriga. Detta gjorde att det ibland hände att de inte tog betalt, eller inte slog in köpet på kassaapparaten.
Det hände även att kunder med utgångna biljetter släpptes in på föreställningarna, vilket troligen skedde på grund av att biljettkontrollanten kände kunden. Professorn noterade även att ett stort antal gratisbiljetter utfärdats av en viss kassör vid namn Bill Reily.
1.2 Bakomliggande orsaker till problemen
Vi identifierade bakomliggande orsaker till problemen som att det inte fanns någon tydlig företagskultur. Dessutom fanns det för lite styrning i verksamheten, vilket gjorde det oklart för personalen vad som förväntades av dem. Detta i sin tur resulterade i att medarbetarna saknade motivation att utföra sitt arbete på ett tillfredsställande sätt.
Vi drog slutsatsen att det huvudsakliga styrproblemet var bristen på vägledning, de anställda verkar inte förstå vad som förväntas av dem.
2. Styrformer
2.1 Resultatstyrning
Ett sätt att använda resultatstyrning skulle kunna vara att sätta upp ett tydligt mål och kommunicera detta med personalen. I detta fall skulle det kunna vara ett visst bruttoresultat som sattes som mål, eftersom det såldes gratisbiljetter är inte antalet sålda biljetter ett bra mått. Bruttoresultat innebär inga större mätsvårigheter. Målet skulle kunna kommuniceras ut till personalen veckovis på ett möte. Goda resultat skulle kunna belönas med fribiljetter eller dylikt.
2.2 Handlingsstyrning
Action accountability skulle vara en passande form av handlingsstyrning i detta fall, eftersom personalen måste ta ansvar för hur deras handlingar påverkar verksamheten. Det ska framgå på kvittona vilken kassör som sålt biljetten, för att man senare ska kunna följa upp med personalen i de fall då pengar saknades i kassan, och se till att var och en av kassörerna hålls ansvariga för om det skulle saknas pengar.
2.3 Personalstyrning
Genom att använda personalstyrning och utbilda personalen, och se till att rätt man är på rätt plats skulle verksamheten kunna hamna på rätt köl igen. Personalen utbildas till sina specifika stationer. Innan utbildningen kan man också försöka se vem som passar till vilka arbetsuppgifter, genom att kolla på exempelvis tidigare referenser, så att sedan personalen specialiseras på det respektive medarbetare är duktiga på.
2.4 Kulturstyrning
Med hjälp av kulturstyrning kan uppförandekoder upprättas och gruppbelöningar för varje station införas. Man måste försöka motarbeta den del av den nuvarande företagskulturen som innebär att det är okej att dela ut en massa gratisbiljetter. En uppförandekod kan upprättas så att personalen tydligt ser vad som förväntas av dem, och hur de ska bete sig mot kunder. Dessutom så bör man införa gruppbelöningar, har till exempel biljettkassörerna gjort ett bra jobb ena veckan, och uppvisar rätt siffror i kassan, ska det belönas.
3. Slutsats
De bör lägga mest tyngd på resultatstyrning för att komma till rätta med de förlorade försäljningsintäkterna. Sedan bör man upprätta en form av handlingsstyrning, så kallad Action accountability, så att var och en av personalen tar ansvar för sina handlingar. Genom att märka ut exempelvis vilka kvitton som utfärdats av vem kan handlingar spåras och följas upp, och på så vis kan problemen åtgärdas. Slutligen är det önskvärt om man lyckas införa en uppförandekod med hjälp av kulturstyrning, så personalen vet vad som gäller och vad som förväntas utav dem.
På kort sikt är handlings- och resultatstyrningen mest effektiv eftersom den innebär tydliga, konkreta mål och tillvägagångssätt. Eftersom målen är konkreta, som exempelvis bruttoresultat, är de enkla att följa upp. Andra fördelar med dessa styrsätt är att på grund av att målen är tydliga skapar detta engagemang hos personalen, vilket i sin tur leder till att de utför sina jobb bättre. Vet de vad som ska göras innebär även resultatstyrningen att personalen kan jobba mer självständigt, vilket i bästa fall kan leda till en högre effektivitet, som minskar kostnaderna.
Negativa aspekter av resultatstyrning innefattar bland annat att det finns en risk för att okontrollerbara faktorer påverkar. Detta faktum spelar även in i handelsstyrningen. Eftersom vi har valt Action accountability där var och en av de anställda belastas med ett ansvar, finns risken att de får skulden för något de inte kunnat påverka. Om exempelvis någon kund stjäl något, ska inte personalen hållas ansvarig för detta.
På lång sikt bör även kulturstyrningen kunna ge resultat. Att ändra företagskulturen på en arbetsplats är svårt, men om man lyckas kommer behovet av andra styrformer att minskas. Dessutom så innebär kulturstyrningen få sidoeffekter, samtidigt som det är kostnadseffektivt.
Direkta kostnader av styrningen innefattar belöning vid uppnått mål vid resultatstyrningen. Eftersom vår föreslagna belöning var fribiljetter, blir ändå kostnaden relativt låg. Andra direkta kostnader innefattar tiden det tar att ägna sig åt de olika styralternativen, som till exempel uppföljning av mål samt kontrollen av de anställdas arbetsinsatser.
Indirekta kostnader skulle kunna innebära att styrningen ger upphov till negativa attityder hos personalen, eftersom de kan känna sig kontrollerade. Detta är svårt att förutse om de kommer att reagera på detta sätt, eller bli lättade av styrningen eftersom det blir tydligare vad som förväntas av dem samt vilka deras arbetsuppgifter är.
Stram styrning känns som den bästa lösningen för verksamheten i dagsläget, i framtiden när en ny företagskultur tagit vid och satsningarna på en uppförandekod börjat ge effekt, kan styrningen bli lösare.

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