...Introduction to Geographical Development Development geography is a branch of geography with reference to the standard of living and quality of life of its human inhabitants. In this context, development is a process of change that affects people's lives. It may involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change etc. Measuring Development Economic development is a measure of a country's wealth and how it is generated (for example agriculture is considered less economically advanced then banking). Human development measures the access the population has to wealth, jobs, education, nutrition, health, leisure and safety - as well as political and cultural freedom. Material elements, such as wealth and nutrition, are described as the standard of living. Health and leisure are often referred to as quality of life. There is no single way to calculate the level of development because of the variety of economies, cultures and peoples. Geographers use a series of development indicators to compare the development of one region against another. For example: Health- Do the population have access to medical care? What level of healthcare is available - basic or advanced? Is it free? Industry- What type of industry dominates? LEDCs focus on primary industries, such as farming, fishing and mining. MEDCs focus on secondary industries, such as manufacturing. The most advanced countries tend to focus more on tertiary or service industries, such as banking...
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...Check that you have the correct question paper. This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B. In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided. Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). 8 9 Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 150. There are 40 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated. The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper: MEDC: More Economically Developed Country LEDC: Less Economically Developed Country Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2009 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No. Turn over N34929A W850/U4370/57570 5/5/5/3 *N34929A0140* Leave blank SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. 1. Water (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the regimes of two rivers in northern Europe: the Thames and the...
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...The country I have studied is the UK which is an MEDC in Northern Europe. An ageing population is where the country has an increasing average age of the population together with an increasing proportion of people over the age of 65. In 2014, for the first time in the UK, there are more people aged over 65 than 16 and with the rising life expectancy this creates many challenges for the UK economy and society. Firstly, with the rising life expectancy which is currently at 81, there have been implications on health as in 2002 it was said that males spend 15 years of their life with a disability and females spend 17.5 years which is an increase in years compared to 1981. This is causing strain on the NHS as for them to cope with the increasing years of disabilities and increasing heart disease, cancers and diabetes. Social services also have extra strain and pressure which has to be coped with. It is proven that the elderly visit their doctor more often and have more home visits. They also occupy hospital beds for longer and the government of a country has to find money to pay for this care. However, by having an ageing population, businesses such as BUPA who provide private healthcare insurance are striving as the elderly are regarded as good business and an opportunity for firms to grow. Therefore, they are helping enhance the economy. Another benefit for the UK is that many UK seniors still do part or full time work as a way to keep themselves active and to supplement their...
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...[pic] You will need to access the following link http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php Task 1: MEDC/Stage 4 1. For ‘Select Country’ choose UK from the scroll down menu 2. For year, choose 2014 3. Press Submit You will be presented with a table of key development indicators, make a note in the table below of the figures | |Development indicators for UK in 2014/2050 | | |2014 |2050 | |Crude Birth Rate |12 |10 | |Crude Death Rate |9 |12 | |Life Expectancy |80 |83 | |Infant Mortality |4 |3 | |Total Fertility Rate |1.9 |1.7 | 4. Go back a page and reselect UK/2014. 5. Under select report, click on Population Pyramids 6. A population...
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...We can deduce that quality of living are better in the USA, UK, New Zealand and the Czech Republic as these are the 4 countries with the highest National income per capita and the ones that seem like reasonable places to live. The USA is, according to the GNI per capita statistics, the country with the best living conditions with $43740, however, this is not necessarily accurate as the US has no free health care system and high crime rates among other faults which makes the worlds largest economy weak compared to the UK and New Zealand where the GNI may not be as high as America’s but people have longer life expectancy, less crime and free health care... China, which is by far the most populated country in the list, and in the world, has the GNI per capita $1740, which is pretty pathetic. China is an up and coming country economically, however there are serious issues that need to be addressed before you can call the giant a reasonable place to live and be treated like an equal. It is very difficult to compare Tanzania, Kenya, and Pakistan to the other nations simply for the lack of products and capital in these countries. Even though there might be raw goods in the countries with great possibility, these countries are run by corrupt governments where the lack of capital makes it difficult for growth to be a reality. This makes it obvious that the standard of living in these countries is terribly bad. The four top countries in the list have a percentage that is next to nothing...
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...POPQUIZ QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Infant mortality rate is A. the number of infants who do not live past their first year of life. B. the number of children who live past their first year of life. C. rapidly increasing in the United States. 2. People who come into a new country to live are A. emigrants B. immigrants 3. Population is fairly evenly distributed all over the earth. A. True B. False 4. Urban relates to A. the city B. the country 5. Rural relates to A. the city B. the country 6. If MANY people, per square mile, live in an area it has A. a hinterland B. a dense population C. over population 7. The average number of people living in an particular area is A. rural B. urban sprawl C. population density 8. When a population pyramid has a narrow base it does not tend to have... A. A high fertility rate B. A low death rate C. A high life expectancy D. An ageing population E. A low infant mortality rate 9. When a population pyramid has a wide base it does not tend to have... A. A high birth rate B. A high death rate C. A low life expectancy D. An ageing population E. A high infant mortality rate 10. Which one of these is not a problem associated with an ageing society A. Buildings have to be knocked down to make way for bungalows B. Schools are overcrowded and many children must go without an education C. Overcrowding within nursing homes D...
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...Dependency theory According to dependency theory, countries become more dependent upon more powerful, frequently colonial powers, as a result of interaction and ‘development’. As the more powerful country exploits the resources of its weaker colony, the colony becomes dependent upon the stronger power. Goods fl ow from the colony to support consumers in the overseas country. Andre Frank (1971) described the effect of capitalist development on many countries as ‘the development of underdevelopment’. The problem of poor countries is not that they lack the resources, technical know-how, modern institutions or cultural developments that lead to development, but that they are being exploited by capitalist countries. Dependency theory has a very different approach from most models of development. • It incorporates politics and economics in its explanation. • It takes into account the historical processes of how underdevelopment came about, that is how capitalist development began in one part of the world and then expanded into other areas. • It sees development as a revolutionary break, a clash of interests between ruling classes and the working classes. • It believes that modernisation does not necessarily mean Westernisation and that underdeveloped countries must set goals of their own, which are appropriate to their own resources, needs and values. However, it is a largely economic theory (from a Western perspective) seeing the outcome as a form of economic...
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...without assistance from the rest of the world’. To what extent do you agree with this view? The UN classifies a country as a LDC if it meets the three criteria, low income (three year average income of less than US $750), human resource weakness and economic vulnerability (instability of imports, exports, agricultural production etc.). There are 49 LDCs in the world, 33 are in Africa, 15 in Asia and the Pacific and 1 in Latin America. The UN describes them as ‘the poorest and most economically weak of the developing countries with formidable economic, institutional and human resource problems which are compounded by geographical handicaps and natural and man-made disasters’. These countries face huge challenges such as the quality of life within them, recourses when distributed in many countries are not enough to provide for the needs of people on a sustainable basis. In 2005 it was estimated that 227 million people within LDCs were living on less than US $1 per day. As of 2013 there were 1.2 billion people living of less than US $1.25 a day. In some cases the population has been falling, but high population growth means that the actual numbers have increased in the long term. Poverty is much higher in places such as Africa 374 million people are living on less than US $2 a day compared to 203 million people in Asia. Another problem these countries face is debt, from the 1970s onwards many of these countries had a debt crisis, and this was due to rising oil prices on the...
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...Trade is the only way a country can develop. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Trade involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Trade is seen by many as a way to promote economic and development, with the future aim of increasing the Human Development Index (HDI- composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income, indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over...
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...Jump to Navigation S-cool the revision website Home GCSE A-Level Timetable Forum Ask What's new Shop Uni-find Home » GCSE » Geography » Populations » Population Growth Population Growth Revise quicker reader Get revision guides Get question banks Ask questions Make a timetable Access Now (or Login) Migration Back to Populations Revise quicker now! World population growth is increasing,and is already causing many problems. It is projected to continue growing in some parts of the world whilst others stabilise, with some estimates putting the final population of the world as high as 12 billion (it is currently half that). Copyright S-cool Managing population growth Population growth brings with it many pressures. The environmental impacts are discussed below, however, there are many other effects of this rapid growth. The main areas of rapid population growth are: Asia, Africa and Latin America. These developing areas are moving through the demographic transition model from stage 2 to stage 3. In other words, during the second half of the 20th century their death rates fell, whilst the birth rates continued to be high. This was due to improving health care and sanitary conditions. As a result of the BR being so much higher than the DR, the population of these areas has exploded. This population growth in the LEDC's could lead to a range of problems, which are...
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...1. What are some of the key motivations for firms to engage in international business? • Seek opportunities for growth through market diversification • Earn higher margins and profits • Gain new ideas about products, services, and business methods • Better serve customers that have relocated abroad • Be closer to supply sources, benefit from global sourcing advantages, or gain flexibility in the sourcing of products • Gain access to lower-cost or better-value factors of production • Develop economies of scale in sourcing, production, marketing, and R&D • Confront international competitors more effectively or thwart the growth of competition in the home market • Invest in a potentially rewarding relationships with foreign partners 2. Describe the five drivers of globalization? Explain in detail with reference to BRIC Countries. • Worldwide reduction of barriers to trade and investment. • Transaction to market-based economies and adoption of free trade in China, former Soviet Union countries, and elsewhere. • Industrialization, economic development, and modernization. • Integration of world financial markets. • Advances in technology. The BRIC countries are made up of Brazil, Russia, India and China - although if we were to categorize them by importance, it would actually be CIRB. The BRIC are both the fastest growing and largest emerging markets economies. They account for almost three billion people, or just under half of...
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...Abstract The aim of this work is to look into urbanization trend in Pakistan and its socio-economic implications. The study would examine the effectiveness of a range of remedies applied in Pakistan, and as to how other countries are dealing with the problems arising due to urbanization. Based on analysis of the case of Pakistan and cross-country experiences, an attempt will be made to suggest remedies based on regulatory framework and various economic instruments to resolve the urbanization related issues. Urbanization is generally considered as a means and an end towards development. In Pakistan as well, the transition of a substantial portion of population to a largely urban population and the development of mega-urban regions/centers is being viewed as an engine of economic growth in the Government’s ‘New Growth Framework’. The success of this Growth Framework depends, to a large extent, on the speed with which the urban centers are transformed into dynamic, knowledge-based, productive, healthy and efficient centers. Urbanization is the process of a country becoming more industrialized from a previously agricultural dominated society; it is a cyclical process involving three essential aspects: behavior, structure and demography. Table of Contents Chapter Page 1. Introduction • Urbanization...
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