...of pocket for their medications. Employees in the medical field should prescribe drugs that treat multiple symptoms, suggest substituting brand names for generic names, and navigate patients to cost effective programs. Healthcare administrators need to create a policy for medical staff that will require them to monitor and provide more financially suitable healthcare options for elderly consumers in addition to recommending lifestyle changes which will result in a decrease of medication costs. Healthcare providers need to educate consumers on the fact that prescription drugs can often times be substituted for lifestyle changes. Doctors almost always suggest a pharmaceutical solution, often times without even considering alternatives. If healthcare administrators implement the need for doctors to go beyond the “quick fix” of drugs and encourage them to prescribe lifestyle changes instead, medication costs would be nonexistent. For example, high cholesterol is an issue in our country and if left untreated it can develop into secondary problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure (or hypertension) and several other complications. More severe developments are an inflated risk of cardiovascular disease which can lead to stroke. In the United States, one in three adults are affected by high blood pressure (MedicineNet, 2014). High blood pressure is an endemic in our country and effective measures should be sought to reduce its prevalence. Alternative medication has become popular...
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...hypoglycemia- How to identify what a hypologycmic reaction is Glucagon- emergency sugar drug Hypothyroid vs hyperthyroid Graves-hyper-exophthalmos vs myxedema-hypo- dull puffy skin Thyroid medication -hyperthyroid -tapazole vs hypothyroidism-levothyroxine Diabetes insipidus Addisons hypocorticosteroids- vs cushings hypercorticosteroids – symptoms increase blood sugar, wound instability Addisons is lack of adrenal corticosteroids -also get gastric ulcers with the meds you take Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance, weight loss , bronze face Cushings- corticosteroid excess, mostly ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, weight gain, moon face , treatment is to normalize hormone secretion (Nizoral), hydrocortisone or prednisone-causes ulcers- may be needed Titration before stoping steroids- taper off and take with food – matacium or potassium Blood test for ulcer disease- hemoglobin hematocrit Hyperthyroidism--- T3 and T4 increase TSH decrease Hypothyroidism----T3 and T4 decrease TSH increase Hyper-tapazole Hypo- levothyroxine (ts/synthroid) PTU and Tapamax stop thyroid Addisons disease- no BP, bronze color Predisone causes gastric ulcers PUD/GERD drugs – Carafate dosing------pepcid, antacid, Lifestyle changes for GERD PUD(treat, cause)- vs GERD (stop food going up) Antibiotics for H. Pylori- PPI, cytotec Drugs for...
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...03/14/2016 Holistic Medicine Vs Conventional Medicine In this day in time, an increasing number of people are turning to a holism lifestyle. People are acknowledging the successfulness of holistic medicines. Holism combines experience and science, mind and body, and cross-cultural and traditional methods to diagnosis and treat patients. People are now opening their eyes to the many limitations that conventional medicines narrow view of the body. Conventional medicine focuses on dividing and sectioning the body and prescribing man-made chemicals to address the symptoms. These are the differences of conventional medicines and holistic medicines. "No single method or model of healthcare is capable of meeting the entire range of human needs at the time of illness and disease." (Sewell, 2008). Holism creates motivation by educating patients to take personal responsibility to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Holism instructs patients to learn effective ways to treat spiritual, physical, and mental conditions. Helping them to experience more joy and energy in being alive. "However, if care is approached through practices that are committed to holistic care there is a greater chance to influence healing and of people feeling better about themselves—both practitioner and patient." (Sewell, 2008). Conventional medicine focuses on the infectious origin of a disease and not the upkeep and construction of physiological balance and harmony. Conventional medications are focused on the treatment...
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...not only help you understand the difference between HIV and AIDS but it will also help you learn how to prevent it. Although it can be easy to confuse the two it is actually pretty simple. HIV is a virus and particular exposure to it can lead to infection and AIDS is a condition or a syndrome that can be caused by having HIV (healthline, 2015). Understanding how to control and prevent HIV/AIDS is pretty easy. HIV can be spread through blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and using a contaminated needle. HIV can even be passed to a child during pregnancy, childbirth and even breast feeding. The use of condoms and clean needles will help control the spread of this deadly disease. Environmental factors, lifestyles and management. Knowing who is more at risk will help target areas that need more help with prevention. There are many factors beyond having unsafe sex and using intravenous drugs. Living in poverty can cause limited access to health care, HIV testing and...
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...----------------------- Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority -Patient states math is her favorite subject. We made a game out of math problems on post-its until her mom arrived. -Patient states she has lots of friends in her class, she talked about who her best friends were. Maslow: -Physiologic needs including calmly sitting so she is able to breath, drinking water since she is thirsty and SOB. -Establishing safe people she can go to when she has difficulty breathing. Safe people to go to at school are the nurse, yard duties, teachers, or to tell a friend to go get help. Psychosocial: -Patient was walking by herself when she was having shortness of breath -She named classmates who she is friends with -She is close with her brother who is also at the same school Nanda: Ineffective breathing pattern related to exercise manifested by wheezing, SOB, and difficulty breathing. Assessment: -Listened to breath sounds: Slight wheezing. -Patient has an inhaler that she uses regularly at home -Continued to check whether breathing was better, worse, or the same. Nursing Interventions & Teaching: -Called parent to bring the inhaler to school. -Calmed student down, gave her water because she was also thirsty from running and allowed her to rest. -Taught on importance of who to alert if she is having difficulty breathing and what she can do to help breathe easier. Patient: J.A. Age: 10 ...
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...said to have 35.7% of their people considered obese or overweight. Watching our nation grow bigger and bigger is the reason why we must have physical education required in all schools so that we can teach children to be active and healthy, help lower obesity, and lower depression and anxiety. Physical education is instruction and development of the body that begins with easy exercises and moves to more rigorous ones. It provides children with the proper information on hygiene and helps with performance and management of athletic games. Many schools provide physical education in their schools but do not require it to be taken. In gym children are taught team skills as well individual skills. It teaches children the basis to a healthy lifestyle and allows them to interact in fun games or exercises with their peers. With physical education required in all schools we can help teach the kids to be active and healthy, lower obesity, and lower depression and anxiety. Running around is a great way to live an active and healthy life. In physical education the instructor goes over the body and how to be fit. Having required physical education allows students to take 60- 90 minutes out of their long filled days to work on...
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...ADN VS BSN: Differences in Competencies Juline DiSilvestro Grand Canyon University Professional Dynamics NRS-430 V Monica Kidder RN, MSN May 11, 2013 ADN VS BSN: Differences in Competencies The complexity of modern healthcare and the patients of today mandate a higher level of academic preparation than in the past. Advanced critical thinking skills are a must. Nurses need to function independently, making clinical decisions, providing bedside care, case management, education to patient and family in regards to disease process, treatment, and how to adapt to a healthier lifestyle. As healthcare continues to evolve and become more complex, it is necessary to assure proper education has been achieved. Controversy among the nursing profession has existed for many years regarding what is the acceptable minimum education for nursing practice. The ADN program takes 2-3 years to complete. The ADN programs started due to a need for nurses during a nursing shortage brought on by WWII. The ADN program provided a shorter period of time to acquire the necessary minimal skill to obtain licensure, and practice safe entry level nursing without the emphasis on leadership, nursing theory and critical thinking. The focus of ADN programs has been to prepare the nurse with considerable clinical experience and technical nursing tools needed to provide patient care at the bedside (Cresia & Friberg, 2011). They do not have the education to perform research activities which becomes the basis...
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...Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Grand Canyon University NSR-433 Professor Stone August 15, 2015 Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Type 2 Diabetes can be prevented with certain lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, healthy dietary habits, and weight loss. However, A better understanding of what motivates lifestyle changes and the barriers that prevent the life style changes, especially among overweight individuals with risk of T2D was needed. The study, Motivators and barriers to exercise among adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes – a qualitative study, was preformed to help fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study was to describe the motivators and barriers to exercise among subjects with a high risk of T2D. (Korkiakangas, 2010) Background of study While there was previous research study, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, motivations and barriers to exercise with individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Prior to this study, there was only one research study on motivation and barriers to exercise with individuals at risk for Type 2 Diabetes. The purpose of this current research study is to obtain more information and to identify and describe the motivators and barriers to exercise among subjects with a high risk of T2D. The obtained information will be used to develop content and methods for counseling. Nursing will be able to use this new developed content and methods for counseling to help guide the patient that...
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...We’ve Resources: American Diabetes association: http://www.diabetes.org/?loc=bb-dorg WebMD : http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/ type-1-diabetes What is it? Do I have it? What do I do? What happens now?? What are the Symptoms? Do I have it? Some Common Symptoms of Diabetes are: What is Type 1 Diabetes? In order to Explain what Diabetes is, you would first need to understand the what insulin is and what its’ role in your body is. You see, when you eat, your body turns the food into sugars/glucose. At which point, your pancreas is supposed to release what is called insulin. Insulin serves as a sort of “key” to open the cells in your body, in order to allow the glucose to enter -- which allows you to use the glucose for energy. That is needed in your day to day life. But when you have diabetes, this system doesn’t work. And you are left with having to physically insert insulin into your body. Urinating Often throughout the day Unquenchable Thirst Unquenchable Hunger Extremely fatigued Some blurry vision Slowly healing bruises or cuts Losing weight without reason Understanding Diabetes Diabetes is a growing Epidemic that kills more Americans each year than AIDS and Breast Cancer combined. Contrary to popular belief, Diabetes is NOT caused by eating too much sugar. Type 1 Diabetes is actually caused by a persons genetics. Type 1 diabetes is normally diagnosed in children...
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...has had more frequent episodes of midchest discomfort. The chest pain has awakened him from sleep but does respond to NTG, which he has taken sublingually about 8 to 10 times over the past week. During the week he has also experienced increased fatigue. He states, “I just feel crappy all the time anymore.” A cardiac catheterization done several years ago revealed 50% occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) and 50% occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. He tells you that both his mother and father had CAD. He is taking amlodipine, metoprolol, lipitor, and baby ASA qd. Setting: Hospital, outpatient cardiac rehabilitation Index Words: coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, angina, lifestyle modification, medications, laboratory values, assessment, risk factors, pacemaker 1. What other information are you going to ask about his episodes of chest pain? [k] P Precipitating events What events or activities precipitated the pain (e.g., argument, exercise, resting)? Q Quality of pain What does the pain feel like (e.g., pressure, dull, aching, tight, squeezing, heaviness)? R Radiation of pain Where is the pain located? Does the pain radiate to other areas (e.g., back, neck, arms, jaw, shoulder, elbow)? S Severity of pain On a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 indicating no pain and 10 being the most severe pain you could imagine, what number would you give the pain? T Timing When did the pain begin?... 2. What are common sites for...
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...Compare online shopping with traditional shopping Shopping today has evolved into an activity that is entirely different to that which was practiced decades ago. This new way of shopping has prompted companies to invest, not in buildings and mall spaces, but in websites and web advertising. More than ever, traditional retailers are feeling more threatened by the worldwide web. The internet has created opportunities for people to shop with convenience and comfort which has not been possible in the past. Shopping online also has the added advantage of being able to compare products and prices at multiple sites with just a click. You are able to browse around the various online stores and find what you need. Payment method is often quite simple once you possess a credit card. Again with just a few clicks, payment is processed and transaction completed. Although shoppers today continue to flood the malls and department stores all over the world, online shopping has grown and continues to grow to new heights over the last decade and shows no sign of slowing down. Ever stop and wonder whether one day shopping for that special gift still dressed in your pajamas, while taking care of a husband, three children, and a cat with an overactive bladder at home was possible? Well thanks to twenty first century technology, anything’s virtually promising and shopping at home has become a part of everyday life as going to work or school. Compare online shopping with traditional shopping ...
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...1) Roper vs Simmons: Supreme Court ruled “the standards of decency have evolved so that executing minors is considered cruel and unusual punishment”. Graham v. Florida that holds life without parole sentences for juveniles convicted of non-homicide offenses unconstitutional. Sullivan vs Florida is similar to Graham vs Florida. Conflicts with the Eighth Amendment. 2) Risky Shift effect: the phenomenon that when placed in group situations, people will make decisions and form opinions to more of an extreme than when they are in individual situations. The phenomenon has shown that after participating in a discussion group, members tend to advocate more extreme positions and call for riskier courses of action than individuals who did not participate in any such discussion 3) Frederic Thrasher, “Isolation is common to almost every vocational, religious or cultural group of a large city. Each develops its own sentiments, attitudes, codes, even its own words, which are at best only partially intelligible to others." "Neighborhoods in transition are breeding grounds for gangs." 4) 5) Robert Park “Gangs are not confined to cities, nor to the slums of cities. Every village has at least its boy gang. Composed of those same foot-loose, prowling, and predacious adolescents who herd and hang together, after the manner of the undomesticated male everywhere.” 6) Motives for joining are boredom, defiance of authority figures, loyalty, adventure, money from trade or fear of being alone...
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...Obesity Epidemic Everywhere people turn weight loss is an issue. There are countless television commercials or advertisements speaking of ways to lose weight. The question is why have Americans become obsessed with weight loss? The answer lies in the fact America has become an obese country. According to an article published by Robert Pool, “Obesity and overweight now affect more than 50 percent of adult Americans.”[1] This is a staggering number. Everywhere people look or turn their see an overweight individual. Obesity has become an acceptable norm in today’s society. Canadian doctor’s Lau, Morrison, Shamara, and Ur concluded that “before the 20th century obesity was rare.”[2] Americans have become so obese that in “1997 the WHO recognized obesity as a global epidemic.[3] Because the number of cases of obesity are on the rise, obesity and weight loss have become a billion dollar industry. Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual’s ideal body weight. Twenty to 40% percent over ideal weight is said to be mildly obese; 40-100% over ideal weight is said to be moderately obese; and over 100% ideal weight is said to be severely, or morbidly obese. Approximately 300,000 deaths a year are attributed to obesity. Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States. The money spent on obesity has increased in the last several years. Obesity leads to many different medical and physical problems. High...
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...efficacy of a novel medical intervention. These steps are intended to guarantee that potential therapies are thoroughly evaluated before being released to the general public. Phase 1: Safety The primary goal of phase 1 studies is to evaluate the safety of the experimental treatment on a small sample of healthy volunteers, typically ranging from 20 to 100. Researchers want to know the maximum tolerable dose, detect any side effects, and learn how the medicine is metabolized and eliminated in the body. To create safety boundaries, these trials frequently include raising the drug's dosage. Phase 2: Performance Phase 2 trials involve a greater number of participants (usually a few hundred), including individuals who have the ailment that the medication is designed to treat. The primary goal is to determine the treatment's efficacy in treating the specified illness or disease. In addition to continuing to monitor safety, researchers may look at other doses and delivery techniques. Phase 2 studies help in the improvement of treatment regimens for later stages and offer initial proof of success. Phase 3: Confirmation of the re-entry. Phase 3 trials are carried out at various research sites with an even bigger sample size (typically several hundred to thousands of individuals). These trials seek to validate the treatment's efficacy, monitor adverse effects, and compare it to existing conventional therapies or an artificial substance. Phase 3 trials offer vital information for regulatory...
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...random glucose plasma level is tested and found to be greater than 200, with demonstrated symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, or polyphagia diabetes can be diagnosed. Functions of insulin Insulin is responsible for assisting the body in the storage of fat by taking lipids from blood into the cells. Additionally, it is responsible for the regulation of glucose by transporting glucose from the blood into the muscles, and liver. Insulin also aids in gluconeogenesis Type1 vs Type 2 DM Type 1 is known to be caused by the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas leading to diabetes. Type 2 is a progressive destruction of the beta cells due to increased glucose levels, leading to a decreased production of insulin over time. Type 1 diabetics require exogenous insulin. However, type 2 have some endogenous supply of insulin but may require additional coverage to reduce glucose levels. Risk factors Risk factors include a positive family history, obesity, poor diet with a sedentary lifestyle, being of African American, Hispanic, Native American or Asian background, gestational diabetes, previous...
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