...My statement of “does a solution with a nonvolatile solute have a lower freezing point than a pure solvent?” can be reasoned by the following scientific information. Solutions are composed of a solute and a solvent and most properties of the solution are dependent on the properties of the solute. However, there are four properties that are unique to solutions that are based only on the number of particles of solute in the given solution. These four properties are: vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point and osmotic pressure and collectively these properties are know as the colligative properties of solutions. In this lab, freezing point depression was observed when comparing a pure solvent of distilled water to a saltwater solution. The decreased freezing point of the saltwater solution is a result of the interactions between particles of solute from preventing the solvent particles from becoming more organized and forming solid crystals. Finally, collected data also confirms that they statement is true. The saltwater solution had an initial temperature of 26.5 °C and after being submersed in an ice bath, the temperature decreased to –5.0 °C. This temperature change was...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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... due tp gravity . Every falling object accelerates at a constant rate and this happens simply due to the force of gravity ,so mathematically the distance “s” that the object is travelling is half the acceleration times of time squared additional to the initial speed and time . Now , We are going to make a the subject of the equation .After making a the subject of the equation we find out that the acceleration due to gravity is twice the distance of Time Squared will equal to acceleration due to gravity . The answer should be somewhere close to 9.81m/s-2 Time (m/s) Distance(m) The graph above shows the relationship between the two variables .In this experiment distance is the independent variable and Dependent variable is time . As Distance increases time will increase as well resulting in a proportional relationship. Hypothesis-After getting the time the ball falls , by the equation gravity should equal to 9.81m/s -² Variables Controlled Variable • The size of the ball • Person recording time • Wind • Surface area of the ball • Type of the ball • Texture of the ball If the ball had a different surface area then the air resistance against the ball...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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...| Syllabus College of Natural Science BIO/100 Version 2 Introduction to Life Science with Lab | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape the biological world, but also shape humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, physiology, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form an understanding of the living world. The weekly online labs add a practical component to the class. The labs build upon the concepts in the text and offer a chance to interact with the material and further their understanding. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have...
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...Project Report Writing Project title: To show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Introduction This report writing is about conducting an experiment to show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis (testing for starch in a green leaf). It would talk about the aim, list of all apparatus needed and the different methods used. It would also illustrate the three conditions necessary for photosynthesis that is, if carbon dioxide, sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. In addition, a test would be carried out to demonstrate that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Last but not the least, outcomes expected from each test carried out would be given in this report after each investigation is done. Plan Plan is to research on relevant information for my project and to produce a written report at the end. I would be researching about the apparatus and equipments that are required for the experiment. Would ensure good lab practice is followed at all times when a test is being carried out. I would research on methods or procedures that are needed to carry out the experiment. Again would be carrying out practical work in each session to improve the design of the project. I would also research on conditions necessary for photosynthesis, which is to investigate the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Last but not the least; investigate if the necessity of sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. Aim ...
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...exam and pap smear History of Present Illness: Last pap was 10 years ago and was abnormal. Patient has been having heavy but regular periods for the past year. Bleeding seems to be worsening monthly. Patient reports y days of bleeding with the first 2-3 so heavy that she is soaking through a super plus tampon and pad hourly day and night. She is fatigued all of the time but has increased fatigue the week of her cycle. She has large clots and very heavy cramping and back pain associated with cycles. She denies having a history of anemia aside from during pregnancy. She does feel occasionally dizzy or lightheaded with position changes the week of her cycle. Past Medical History Childhood illnesses: denies measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rheumatic fever, and pertussis Major illnesses: none Hospitalizations and surgeries: History of Catheter Ablation Atrial Supraventricular Tachycardia 2012. Significant injuries: denies Health Maintenance General health screening: a. Frequency of dental exams/treatment: biannual exam & cleaning; most recent: 5/2015 b. Last eye exam: 4/2015 c. Colonoscopy and rectal exam: not performed d. Lab work: denies any lab work for the past 10 years e. Immunizations: Reports TDaP in 8/2013; received all routine childhood Immunizations. Substance use a. ETOH: denies b. Tobacco: denies c. Street drugs: denies Family History Family History of: a. HTN: mother ...
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...UTAR FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell Biology Trimester 1 How YOU can do well in BIOLOGY Follow the 4A’s and you can expect A’s. A ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student:...
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...created to improve the mortality rate of patients who had colonic adenocarcinomas but is now indicated for | |several pathologies including complicated and severe diverticulitis, rectosigmoid cancer, and in cases where a colon resection is needed but a primary anastomosis cannot be safely done. There are few | |contraindications to the procedure and is often the procedure of choice when other complicated procedures cannot be performed. Patients with hypotension, renal failure, diabetes, malnutrition, immune | |compromise, and ascites can have unfavorable performance to the procedure. | |The important labs for this patient are the CBC(WBC,H&H, and diff), CMP, ABG if intubated still, lactic acid if still septic/possibly septic, if still on TPN (glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, | |LFT’s, albumin)...
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...CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abbreviations/Definitions Code of Conduct and Ethics for Students Important Academic Rules Scheme of Studies Important Notes Detailed Syllabus 1 2 3 17 19 20 Lingaya’s University, Faridabad ABBREVIATIONS/DEFINITIONS "AC" means, Academic Council of the University. "BOM" means, the Board of Management of the University. "BOS" means, the Board of Studies of the Department. “CAU/AUC-option” CAU/AUC means change from Credit to Audit option / change from Audit to Credit option "Class/Course Committee" means, the Class/Course Committee of a class/course. "Course" means, a specific subject usually identified by its course-number and course-title, with a specified syllabus / course-description, a set of references, taught by some teacher(s) / course- instructor(s) to a specific class (group of students) during a specific academic-semester / semester. “Course Instructor" means, the teacher or the Course Instructor of a Course. "Curriculum" means the set of Course-Structure and Course-Contents. "DAA" means, the Dean of Academic Affairs. “DAAB” means Departmental Academic Appeals Board. “DEC/PEC” means Dissertation Evaluation Committee / Project Evaluation committee. “Department” means a group in the University devoted to a specific discipline also called a School. Department and School are used interchangeably. "DSA" means, Dean Student Affairs. “ESE” means End-Semester Examination “EYE” means End-Year Examination. "Faculty Advisor/Class Counsellor”...
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...Name______________________________________________ IB Guide to Writing Lab Reports Standard and Higher Level Chemistry 2010-2011 Table of Contents page 1 Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints page 2 - 13 IB Laboratory Evaluation Rubric page 14 - 15 Formal Lab Report Format page 16 Error Analysis Types of Experimental Errors page 17 Error Analysis: Some Key Ideas page 18 Precision and Accuracy in Measurements A Tale of Four Cylinders Assessment of Errors and Uncertainties in IB Lab Reports Explaining Terms and Concepts in Error Analysis page 19 - 20 page 21 Mathematics of Evaluating Accuracy and Precision page 26 - 27 Rejection of Data page 28 More Examples of Propagating Error page 29 - 31 page 22 - 25 Typical Instrumental Uncertainties page 32 Checklist for Writing IB Lab Reports page 33 - 34 Please read carefully and keep this handy reference for future use in writing exemplary lab reports. Page 1 IB Guide to Writing Laboratory Reports Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints The nature of science is to investigate the world around you. An inquiring mind is essential to science. Experiments are designed by curious minds to gain insight into wonder-producing phenomena. Hopefully, this process of designing experiments, doing experiments, thinking about experimental results, and writing lab reports will tremendously benefit YOU! IB Chemistry is the challenge you have chosen...
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...Comparing Growth of E. Coli at 37°C and 25°C and on rich and minimal mediums Lab report 1 Richard Montez MCB 3020L Monday 2 pm June 15, 2013 Abstract: Bacteria is a very diverse creature, and can grow in extreme conditions. There are two variables that factor in finding out what are more optimal conditions in which E. coli can grow, temperature and difference in medium. The two ways to determine the amount of bacteria growth are: optical density by using the spectrophotometer, and also the 10-fold serial dilution, the latter of which is the most accurate way. The 4 phases: lag phase, log phase, stationary phase and death phase, show the strength of the life cycle of a bacteria cell. The results show that at 37°C (normal body temperature) and the LB agar plate (rich medium) gives E. coli better optimal conditions to grow. Introduction Although bacteria is composed of only a single cell, they are extremely involved and we have so much to learn about these creatures. Bacteria can live in some of the most extreme temperatures- from temperatures that could potentially freeze the blood under your skin, to the other end of the spectrum where they could be found at temperatures near 100°C at the mid-ocean volcanic vents. The bacteria we chose to further learn about it's optimal growth conditions was Escherichia Coli. There are two variables in this experiment, temperature and choice of medium. The first variable, the sample was incubated E. Coli at 25°C...
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...Drug Information Paper: Levodopa/Carbidopa: Sinemet Kristin Curcione Daemen College This drug information report will explore in detail the medication Levodopa. Levodopa is the most effective drug for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa works when it is absorbed in the blood from the small intestine and travels through blood to the brain where it is converted to dopamine (Parkkinen, O'Sullivan, Kuoppamäki, et al., 2011). It is intended for the purpose of treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases. It is primarily used in neurology practice for patients who are experiencing idiopathic Lewy body degenerative disease of the central nervous system. This paper will also discuss use of Carbidopa as it is used...
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...Clean Water Project Report Day 1- “The Balanced Equation” Documentary Notes In the documentary, “The Balanced Equation”, a group of high school girls tells their story of traveling to Kenya and the Dominican Republic to investigate and learn more about issues dealing with water in developing countries. The girls focus primarily on problems with water that exist in these countries and the water filtration systems being provided. According to the video, approximately 3.5 million people die from water-related illnesses each year, and over 800 million people do not have access to clean water today. The girls discover that portable point-of-use filtration devices are given to those in developing countries who don’t have access to clean water. Permanent water solutions, such as digging wells, have been tried, but often fail due to lack of maintenance and education. Wells often become contaminated with runoff water among other issues, so over 50% of these permanent solutions fail after 5 years. Instead, point-of-use water systems are distributed since they are portable and can be used at home. The girl’s spent their first night of their adventure in...
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...applications in industry. The ink used earlier for printing purposes contributes to pollution in environment. The pollution is by means of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are present in the form of an aliphatic solvent. Emission of VOCs from these solvents and their discharge in waste streams are quantifiable. For example a typical medium size cold – set web plant uses 40,000 kg per year of the ink of which 6000 kg is lost as emissions. The plant uses over 10,000 kg per year of cleaning solutions all of which is lost in atmosphere. A typical newspaper uses 100,000 kg per year of ink and emits over 8000 kg of volatile solvents (Maji, 2003). VOC when released into the atmosphere participates in the atmospheric photochemical reactions. Ozone is produced at the ground level when oxides of nitrogen and VOCs react in the presence of sunlight. This is a major component of urban smog, which at elevated levels causes a potential hazard to humans, plants and animals. To overcome the problems of emissions due to solvent-based inks and cleaning of presses, a new type of ink based on vegetable oil has been developed which is biodegradable and environment-friendly. It does not contain aliphatic solvents, and hence its use produces virtually no emissions during printing. Also, this ink contains vegetable oil (castor-oil)-based alkyd resins, which are biodegradable and generate no waste-water threat of a secondary pollution during washing of presses. The main components of an ink...
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