1) bash- is a Unix shell written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell. Released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as the shell for the GNU operating system and as the default shell on Linux, Mac OS X and Darwin. 2) bsh- (Bourne shell) was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7. Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Laboratories, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell. It was released in 1977 in the Version 7 Unix release distributed to colleges and universities. 3) tcsh- is a Unix shell based on and compatible with the C shell (csh). It is essentially the C shell with programmable command line completion, command-line editing, and a few other features. 4) csh- is a Unix shell that was created by Bill Joy while a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the 1970s. Other early contributors to the ideas or the code were Michael Ubell, Eric Allman, Mike O'Brien and Jim Kulp. The C shell is a command processor typically run in a text window, allowing the user to type commands. The C shell can also read commands from a file, called a script. 5) ksh- is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early. Other early contributors were Bell Labs developers Mike Veach and Pat Sullivan, who wrote the Emacs- and vi-style line editing modes′ code, respectively. KornShell is backward-compatible with the Bourne shell and includes many features of the C shell, inspired by the requests of Bell Labs users. 6) zsh- was written by Paul Falstad in 1990 when he was a student at Princeton University and is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a powerful command interpreter for shell scripting. Zsh can be thought of as an extended Bourne shell with a large number of improvements, including some features of bash, ksh, and tcsh. 7) rc- is the command line interpreter for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating systems. It resembles the Bourne shell, but its syntax is somewhat simpler. It was created by Tom Duff, who is better known for an unusual C programming language construct called Duff's device. 8) rsh- is a command line computer program that can execute shell commands as another user, and on another computer across a computer network.
Linux Commands pwd-print working directory
$ pwd
/home/foobar
cd-change directory
$ cd /home echo-places a string on the terminal, typically used in scripts
$ echo This is a test.
This is a test. exec- treats its arguments as the specification of one or more subprocesses to execute.
$ int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...) ls-lists contents of working directory
$ ls cat- standard Unix utility that concatenates and lists files
$ cat months rm-removes current file
$ rm months hostname-list current hostname
$ hostname localhost.localdomain cp- copies file to another destination/name
$ cp months /home/brandon/months.two mv-moves file to another destination
$ mv months /home/brandon lpr-lineprinter $ lpr –P lab04 grep- is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular expression, comes from the ed command g/re/p
$ grep apple fruitlist.txt head-lists the first lines of a file as specified
$ head -15 myfile.txt tail-same has head only for the last lines
$ tail -5 myfile.txt sort-sorts file into alpha order
$ sort months uniq- is a Unix utility which, when fed a text file, outputs the file with adjacent identical lines collapsed to one
$ uniq names diff- is a file comparison utility that outputs the differences between two files
$ diff months.one months.two file- is a standard Unix program for recognizing the type of data contained in a computer file using magic numbers
$ file file.c file.c: C program text
| (pipe)- a set of processes chained by their standard streams, so that the output of each process (stdout) feeds directly as input (stdin) to the next one
$ sort months | cp months months.two unix2dos- is a Unix tool to convert an ASCII text file from Unix format (line break) to DOS format (carriage return and line break) and vice versa
$ unix2dos [-p] [file] bzip2- bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding
$ bzip2 months.txt gzip- Gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the extension .gz
$ gzip months.txt tar- is used to convert a group of files into an archive.
$ tar -cf file.tar file1 file2 file3 which + whereis- which- shows the full path of (shell) commands/whereis- locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
$ which ls
/bin/ls

$ whereis ls ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.bz2 /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.bz2 who-shows who is logged in
$ who finger- is a program you can use to find information about computer users. It usually lists the login name, the full name, and possibly other details about the user you are fingering
$ finger write-sends message to another user
$ write brandon Oh hey stud ;P mesg- controls the access to your terminal by others. It's typically used to allow or disallow other users to write to your terminal
$ mesg [n|y]

gedit- $ gedit months nano- $ nano months vim-$ vim months
CUPS- is a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems which allows a computer to act as a print server. man vs info- The info utility displays more complete and up-to-date information on GNU utilities than man. When a man page displays abbreviated information on a utility that is covered by info, the man page refers to info. The man utility frequently displays the only information available on non-GNU utilities. When info displays information on non-GNU utilities, it is frequently a copy of the man page.