Linux is an open source operating system. Considering the difficulties and risks in developing an operating system, is it surprising that Linux has been as successful as it has? What makes it so successful, despite these difficulties? Write a short paper answering this question.

OpenSorce Operating systems:-

Opensource operating systems are the operating systems that are designed and licenced in such a way that they are free to use, free to change the os and can be distributed for free.the source code used to design the os is made free to public so that people can change and modify depending on their needs and can create their own custom versions and re entitiled to be mostly free the examples of the open source are linux operating systems like Ubuntu,Free BSD.The contrary of the opensource os are the regular copyrighted os and software where source code is not entitiled to be realsed and the os is completely copyrighted with the publisher like the windows and macos.
Developping an Operating systems. An operating system is a software that will interact with the hardware resources of the computer and effectively use them inorder to input from the user/interface and get the desired results. Developping the early OS began in early 1950’s where the initial code is written in assembly language but soon after the evolution of C language most of the design for early unix is done in C language and the evolution lead to the opensource linux kernel which may or may not have used the complete unix kernel But linux is the one of the successful opensource operating systems that is still current. It has a lot of versions and ditributions.

The developing of the os is a large typical process where 1000’s of line of code is written inorder to acces the hardware resources, the typical and main constarints are to effectively use the process, memory and io management of the system. The process management initially dsesigned for sigle operations and then switly evaluated for running multiple operations which are actally not run simpultaneouly but run concurrenty usung the effective cpu clocks. The effective management of file and storage, security, deadlocks, user interfaces both gui and cli all these are pretty much challenges and one of the main portions of thedesign. The initial los version built with 100’s of lines of code to the newser ones that comes with the millions of code written and compiled. Linux as told earlier is one of the succsesfil operating systems that is under the open source license. The kernel of linux is freely available and the initial computer revolution made the new developpers and the big companies to use the kernel and comeup with their verion and distributions whre a they packed the os and sesigned it so as to target the particular group. As linux can use very less resources of a computer being the codes is very low level written and can interact more freely with hardware it can be ported to the system with Kb’s of memory and also can be embedded in the small systems calld embedded systems.Linux also called the GNU-general public licence is released under GNU-opensorce license with their second version of kernel ,Within an year the windows-X si ported to linux which is the basic underlying GUI for the Unix/Linux like operating systems.Ever sisnce the release of the kernel 0.01 a large no of programmers have contributed to the evolution of the different version by writing and improving effective tasks like coming with a new memory management structure, successfully redusing no of deadlocks and everytime these deveopments are ported and released with the newer versions of code than is again used by the programmers . This process of the new kernel versions in the middle undergone a susbstainary changes with th new GNU licence and the new kernel release modifications and to this date the new kernel version stays at 3.0.1 Linux is a monotholic kernel the device drivers and modules will for the most part directly talk to the hardware and unlike windows the graphics systems in the linux doesn’t run in the kernel.Being linux can be effectifely use the hardware resources and is freely available its extensive adoptability came from scientific and educationsl instititions where it had a new life as these are everytime updated for the application specific usages. Till date Linux flavours are mostly had their percentage share in server operating systems.

Gnome< Kde can be considered as one the successful desktops fo the linux distros. With these the linux has been given a competitive advantage in desktop based market where a large no of ope source packages are distributed with the linux, Networking bening a prominent feature for the operating systems is also well ported and one of the early apaches servers are first ported ina next System which in turn desined with the linux like kernel as its subsystem. Better security that built around the linux is one of the prominent features for large organizations to use linux servrs for their needs.Teh major contribution that came from is the LAMP which is Linux –os,Apache server,MysQl(or mango DB), PHP/Perl language. This distribution pack is often bundled with the opensource linux like Ubuntu suse and also like proproitery like redhat.Linux also is been with the supercomputers almost 80% of the supercomputers are build around linux operating systems , Linux also around portable devices , Most succesfful os like Android is built arount it, Web os, Chrome os are also prominent os that build around linux.The way that linux is designed it is well suites for clustered systems suppose an oracle server witth a 3 node cluster a computwr with linux can server in better management of oracle database than any other operating system with the same level of resources available.

The major drawback still now is that linux lacks support for the end user support, and so though linux is vastly used in servrs around the world a large portion of it is dominated by the Red-hat operation systems which is not a open sosurce operation system but built around the same kernel distributions and has vast support within the red-hat community.