...billion years ago, rock and ice particles swirling around a very young sun collide and merge, producing large planetoids. One of them, an infant planet we have come to call home, is born. This planet will later be named Earth. At this point the baby Earth is nothing more than a scorching inferno of magma and vaporized rock, spitting up nothing more than magma volcanoes. This infant planet is very different from the one we know today. Its atmosphere is comprised of deadly gasses and probably had a sky the color of a pinkish-orange. Its oceans containing large quantities of dissolved iron were most likely a kind of brown color. Life on early Earth began with very little amounts of oxygen compared to the quantities we have today, it was comprised of primitive elements and very slowly evolved into the Earth we know today. Had you been on Earth all that time ago, when it was just beginning to evolve, you would have died with just a few deep breaths! Earth’s early atmosphere contained little or no oxygen. It was primarily comprised of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with smaller amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. Over time a controversial question emerged, could organic molecules assemble under the conditions on early Earth? In 1953, biochemists Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey conducted an experiment to find these answers; they tested for what kind of environment would be needed to allow life to begin. To start they used water, methane...
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...Massachusetts was one major event and the people saw a greater need to address concerns of the environment. Environmentalist, scientists, and many other people conducted more research and depended on the development of advanced technology to educate the people and to save the Earth. In December of 1970, the United States Environmental Protection Agency originated to address and help the various environmental issues (EPA, 2011). Birth rate is the constraint for population growth. An increase (exponentially) in the population’s resources like food, water, and better crop conditions promotes exponential growth. “Exponential growth is positive feedback” (Botkin & Keller, 2009, Ch. 3.2) because contributing factors like high birth rate and good health conditions of the population have a J shape whereas the logistic growth curve is S shaped. The logistic growth curve has many determinants like disease, death, and unhealthy conditions in the environment. Also birth rate may not slow down or decrease just because the population does. Developing countries are still adapting to alternative family-planning methods and technological advances. For instance, families of various religious backgrounds and families who make their living as farmers have different beliefs (Global Change, 2006). The human population in these countries could increase rapidly from traditional customs until they are more educated. The...
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...Global Warming Effects on Earth Global warming has become one of the biggest effects on earth’s life for many years now. Every day there are more and more reason’s causing this huge effect on life. Global warming can become a huge danger in the future with the drastic increase it has been becoming over the years. Global warming is caused by reasons like the sun, and the greenhouses effect. Global warming is causes many problems. Wild life is being affected, sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting, and some forests are drying out. Every affect this causes on earths wild life makes it harder and harder for us to live. In order for people to survive we need a steady ecosystem to live in. Global warming affects all parts of the earth and travels right around in its rotation. The sun is a part of why the earth has been rising in temperatures causing glaciers to melt and the rising of our oceans water levels. This forces wild life to fight to survive and migrate around finding new homes to live in. Humans are the biggest cause to global warming over the past 100 plus years. Greenhouses gases are released into the atmosphere letting light through but trapping heat. Sun light comes down to the earth where it can be absorbed and releases heat back into atmosphere. Greenhouses gases then trapping some of the heat while the rest escapes into space causing the “Greenhouse Effect”. The more greenhouses gases we have the more heat will be trapped in our atmosphere enhancing...
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...MID TERM EXAMINATIONS CMS NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW Subject : Environmental Law and Corporate Management From, Archana sankar Roll No:09 Introduction: Environment plays an complex medium of biotic and abiotic factor that are surrounded by all living being on the earth , among all the living being human being is in leading position that majorly associated with environment. Human life supportive system’s health is maintained by the biosphere with support of all other living creatures. The survival of all the species are highly inter connected and dependent on each other, like plants act as food for other living beings and supportive for to other species by releasing oxygen and many other benefits. Insects and all other tiny living...
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...EARTH PERSPECTIVES The biological and geological future of the Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at the Earth's surface, the rate of cooling of the planet's interior, the gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity. An uncertain factor in this extrapolation is the ongoing influence of technology introduced by humans, such as geoengineering, which could cause significant changes to the planet. The current biotic crisis is being caused by technology and the effects may last for up to five million years. In turn, technology may result in the extinction of humanity, leaving the planet to gradually return to a slower evolutionary pace resulting solely from long-term natural processes. Hawking: How Humankind Will Survive the Future Listen, people of Earth: Everything's going to be fine. All we have to do is survive another century or two without self-destructing as a species. Then we'll get off this rock, spread throughout space, and everything will be all right. If this is not your idea of "optimism," then you are not Stephen Hawking. The esteemed physicist garnered headlines, and some eye-rolls, after telling Big Think last week that humanity needs to leave the Earth in the future or face extinction. As The Atlantic noted: He's not knocking climate scientists' attempts to figure things out on Earth-he's just thinking long...
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...not native to planet earth, also known as an extraterrestrial life form. Although I do not believe that the green, one-eyed, Hollywood-influenced alien exists, I do believe that there are living organisms on other planets in this universe. The universe is so large that it is next to impossible to be able to examine every aspect of it, as we are still discovering new species here on earth. I do not believe that Aliens have not come to our planet; however, I do believe that there is life on other planets. As Joshua Kennon once wrote: Add in the possibility of multiple, or even infinite dimensions, which means entire civilizations could exist on a planet like Earth right alongside us without us knowing it, throw in the nature of time and time travel as it interacts with gravitational forces like black holes, and the concept exceeds the human mind’s ability to grasp. (Kennon) I agree with Kennon because if there are billions of stars in the universe, there has to be one relatively similar to that of the sun, and also a planet revolving around it the same distance away as earth is to the sun. Due to this assumption, there must be some planet somewhere with conditions similar to those of earth. I do not believe that in our solar system there is one however because the planets that are in our system are either too far or too close to the sun for life to be maintained. In another solar system there must be a planet that resembles the living conditions of earth such as temperature...
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...Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house", or "condition"; - λογία, "think about of") is the logical examination and investigation of collaborations among life forms and their condition. It is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates science, topography, and Earth science. Ecology incorporates the investigation of collaborations that life forms have with each other, different living beings, and with abiotic parts of their condition. Subjects important to biologists incorporate the assorted variety, appropriation, sum (biomass), and number (populace) of specific living beings, and additionally participation and rivalry between creatures, both inside and among ecological communities. Ecological systems are made out of progressively interfacing...
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...1. • Identify the relationship between the conditions on early Earth and the origin of organic molecules: - Conditions of early Earth: _ Massive oceans existed _ Only small landmasses above the surface of the water _ No ozone layer _ Large amounts of radiation reached the Earth _ No free oxygen in the air _ Large amounts of volcanic activity; heat, ash, dust and gases into atmosphere _ Violent electric storms common _ Atmosphere contained some water vapour (H2O), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), possibly ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4). - The chemicals of life are contained within the following basic organic compounds: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. - These compounds are made up of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and some other common elements. - As you can see, the elements needed to create the basic organic compounds were already present in the atmosphere; i.e., H, O, C and N were already there. - The lack of an ozone layer, the frequent violent electric storms, and the volcanic activity of early Earth could have provided the energy for molecules to be formed. • Discuss the implications of the existence of organic molecules in the cosmos for the origin of life on Earth: - For life to have originated, the following events need to have happened: _ The required chemicals need to have been formed _ These chemicals need to have come together in a self-replicating...
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...Running Head: LIVING ON ANOTHER PLANET Living On Another Planet: Venus and the Aerial City of Euphuria Tommy Patterson GS1140 Living On Another Planet: Venus The population of earth is growing increasing over populated and the need to search and find a new planet to colonize and settle on has become a dire issue. The planet Venus is a perfect choice because of its similarities to Earth’s atmospheric and gravitational characteristics. Listed are some of the main characteristics positive and negative: Positive * Has gravity roughly similar to Earth and a think atmosphere that would protect you from radiation * The atmospheric pressure is the same as earth’s at an altitude of 50 – 60 kilometers from the surface * Possible to float in the skies in a balloon of breathable air because the breathable air on the planet is like a lifting gas * Take advantage of sunlight in regular gravity because of similarities Negative * Surface temperature – 462 degree oven like temperature * Surface pressure – 92 times that of earth * Atmosphere is entirely carbon dioxide with clouds of sulphuric acid * You would die faster on the surface of Venus than almost anywhere in the solar system The planet Venus is approximately 26,000,000 miles away from earth and would take 153 days of travel time to get there by normal means of space travel. So to remedy this issue the means of transportation will be by space vehicles equipped with warp drives which...
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...requirements for life to form: a source of energy, carbon and water. In the 1950’s, Harold Urey and his student Stanley Miller formed an experiment to test if inorganic substances could produce organic substances to find out if living things could come from non-living things. The experiment was formed to explore Haldane and Oparin’s theory. Urey and Miller’s experiment has been redone by scientists throughout time to perfect it with new technology but there is a high possibility that the hypothesis will never be proved. There are many theories on how life started on Earth. Before technology, the widely believed theory was Spontaneous generation, which was widely accepted due to religious beliefs in earlier years. The theory suggested that all animals and plants appeared from nothing buy there was no evidence to prove it and was later disproved by Redi. Another related theory was Special creation, which suggested that a God created all beings, again there is no evidence to prove or disprove this theory but is not accepted in the scientific community. One of the only theories that has supporting evidence is the biochemical evolution theory – In 1924, Oparin (a Russian scientist) produced one of the most influential scientific theories, that life on Earth had developed through a gradual evolution of carbon-based molecules in a ‘primordial soup’. At the same time as this, a Scottish biochemist by the name of John Haldane proposed a theory that was very similar. John Haldane and...
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...on how life originated on earth has been pondered for many decades. Although, Scientists have tried to find an answer to this question time and time again, through many theories and experiments. The origin of life on earth is a scientific problem which has not yet been solved. Therefore plenty of ideas are still unclear and facts still left unanswered. “Scientists believed it was a single primitive lifeforms natural process, which took place 3,900 million years ago.” Mojzis S.J. Since then, No true facts has generated whether metabolism or genetics came first. The main hypotheses are supported through RNA and Protein hypothesis is based on how cells develop through chemical change. An additional hypothesis was discovered to believe...
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...be defined as the gradual increase of the earth’s atmospheric temperature due to the release of carbon dioxide, methane gas, fossil fuels, and other toxic chemical emissions trapped in atmosphere that causes correspondence changes in climate. These changes are rapid in the global atmosphere over a relatively short period of time, and becoming more prevalent in the world presently. There are numerous records that show that our world as a whole is getting incredibly warmer, poor health conditions, strangulated economy, and environmental degradation. Some say the world will end in water due to melting ice, some say it will end in fire as a result of radiation. From my observation and understanding, I hold with those who favor fire. Global warming affects human health, the world economy, our environment, and the planet as a whole. Health is the general condition of body and mind (Dictionary.com). The environment plays a significant role to our health, and every living creature on the planet. World Health Organization (WHO) 2008, Dec 6 – (NewsRx.com), published a report on the rapid growing health...
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...the six days of creation and say what happens in each. 1) On the first day God created the Earth, which at the time would have been a giant ball of water, and He divided light from darkness. “Formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters.” (Genesis 1:1-5) 2) On day two God separated the water from the air. God made the expanse and separated water from water, He called “the expanse sky.” (Genesis 1:6-8) 3) On the third day God created the land and plants. Moving all water to one place that allowed dry ground to appear. He called this dry ground land and he called the gathered water seas. Thus, allowing land to produce vegetation: “seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” (Genesis 1:9-13) 4) On the fourth day God created the stars and the sun. Creating two great lights, “the greater light to govern day, and lesser light to govern night.” (Genesis 1:14-19) 5) On day five fish and birds were created. Living birds flying above the expanse sky and the great creature in the expanse sea. God blessed them and said, “be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on earth.” (Genesis 1:20-23) 6) On the sixth day of creation, land animals and man were created. At this time there was no death on the Earth, and God proclaimed it was good. The six days of creation contradicts the Darwinian model, which...
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...One Earth Overview Astronomers have discovered dozens of planets orbiting other stars, and space probes have explored many parts of our solar system, but so far scientists have only discovered one place in the universe where conditions are suitable for complex life forms: Earth. In this unit, examine the unique characteristics that make our planet habitable and learn how these conditions were created. Surfaces of Mars, Moon, Venus, Earth. Source: NASA Sections: 1. Introduction 2. Many Planets, One Earth 3. Reading Geologic Records 4. Carbon Cycling and Earth's Climate 5. Testing the Thermostat: Snowball Earth 6. Atmospheric Oxygen 7. Early Life: Single-Celled Organisms 8. The Cambrian Explosion and the Diversification of Animals 9. The Age of Mammals 10. Further Reading Unit 1 : Many Planets, One Earth -1- www.learner.org 1. Introduction Earth's long history tells a story of constant environmental change and of close connections between physical and biological environments. It also demonstrates the robustness of life. Simple organisms first appeared on Earth some 3.8 billion years ago, and complex life forms emerged approximately 2 billion years ago. Life on Earth has endured through many intense stresses, including ice ages, warm episodes, high and low oxygen levels, mass extinctions, huge volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts. Untold numbers of species have come and gone, but life has survived even the most extreme fluxes. To understand why Earth has...
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...over the past few years. And the most predominant effect, Increased Drought and Famine, where although much of the impact from climate change and its effects on water is related to the increase in storms and coastal flooding described above, one thing a lot of people don’t realize is that there is an associated change in the distribution of water on the planet overall. Some areas get too much water, but some aren’t getting enough , leading to the increase of drought and famine. Scientist’s studies shows that Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is released into the atmosphere when we burn fossil fuels, oil, coal and gas, which traps heat and acts like a blanket to warm the planet. The more gas we emit into the air, the more heat is trapped, which means the earth gets hotter and hotter. The importance of this is crucial because the hotter the world gets, the faster the world dries up and soon we will be in the worst drought ever. There are many things that needs to be done on a government level to help fix Global Warming like reduce the use of fossil fuels and its carbon dioxide emissions. To me, either idea is great, its just about are we willing to do it and keep it up. California’s drought is another effect situation that’s crucial, due to Global Warming. Heat from the trapped gases causes dryness of the world. Honestly, you can’t fix the drought situation,...
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