...will be further discussed in the entire essay is industrial ecology concept. Also, this report will outline the elements of this concept which will be classified into eco-efficiency or eco-effectiveness and their impacts to the environment. Industrial ecology concepts and its elements will be explaining in details with some examples and personal recommendations in this report. Industrial Ecology Industrial ecology refers as an emerging industrial concept to popularize environmentally. The main purpose is to identify and implement strategies which are used to minimize the environmental impacts. Industrial ecology makes an interaction with natural ecosystem. They are natural resource from earth such as sustainable use of energy, materials and capacity of environment. (Hond 2000, 60-69)Also, they act as inputs to extract and transform them into products or services. Industrial ecology is not only aiming to reduce the environmental stress caused by industries but also encourage and support in creativity, resource efficiency and effectiveness and sustainability growth. (Cote, Raymond 2000, 34-37)Industrial ecology recognizes that industries will be operating and expanding continuously however, it supports on industries which are aware of the importance of environment and are environmentally conscious so that the burden upon to the planet can be reduced. (Gdrc.org 2014) Industrial ecology can be divided into two practical actions which are cradle-to-cradle...
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...in Ecosystem and Its Importance in Crop Production By gachura10@gmail.com Course Tutor Institution, City Date Energy Flow in Ecosystem and Its Importance in Crop Production Introduction An ecosystem is made up of of the organic community that take place in some area, and the bodily and biochemical influences that make up its lifeless or abiotic environs (Fraham, 1984: 143). There are several instances of ecosystems: a fish pond, a plantation, a river mouth, a savannah. The limits are not static in any impartial way, even though occasionally they look clear, as with the water's edge of a small fish pond. Typically the margins of an ecological unit are selected for real-world aims having to do with the objectives of the specific study. According to Perry (2008), study of ecological unit mostly comprises of the study of sure procedures that relates the living, or biotic, constituents to the inorganic, and abiotic constituents. Energy changes and biogeosubstance transformation are the key procedures that include the area of environment conservation. Ecology normally is well-defined as the connections of creatures with one another and with the environs in which they are living. Ecology can be studied at the level of the separate organism, the inhabitants, the community, and the environment. studies of ecology at individuals are concerned generally about composition, reproduction, growth or performance, while studies of ecology at inhabitants typically...
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...of moral responsibility for environment? (35 marks) When looking at environmental ethics, we are focusing on our attitudes towards the impact on the biological and geological aspects of our planet and whether human actions maintains or disturbs the balance between the planet's different life forms and geological systems. This essay will include exploring theories and deciding whether we have an individual moral responsibility towards the environment. Many people believe that as humans, we do have a moral responsibility towards the environment and we must preserve and protect it for the future generations. However, others take an anthropocentric view and they believe that humanity is the centre of creation and therefore has greater importance over the environment so we should do to the environment what we wish, if it serves a purpose for us. Christian views have often be accused of placing an emphasis on human domination of the world and therefore not taking an individual moral responsibility for the environment. This belief perhaps comes from the Bible itself where, in Genesis it says that humans are given "dominion over the fish…the birds…over all the earth" dominion, being defined as having sovereignty or control over everything means that if humans have dominion then God's creation is anthropocentric and therefore a human must do what he needs to do if it betters his quality of life, despite what future repercussions it may have. These anthropocentric ideas are reflected...
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...Karen J. warren in "Feminist Environmental Philosophy" states that Norwegian philpsopher Arne Naess coined the term "deep ecology" "to refer to the (deep) conceptual roots of the environmental crisis". (Naess 1973 in Warren 2015: 6) Naess contrasts deep ecology with 'shallow ecology'. Both are concerned with environmental problems as the pollution of air and water, the misuse of natural resources, and destructive human-nature relationships. But, according to Naess, "only deep ecology provides an understanding of these issues in terms of false or problematic underlying assumptions, concepts, beliefs and values of canonical philosophy". (Warren, 2015: 6) While trying to define deep ecology, Donelle Dreese quotes what Annie Booth and Harvey...
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...Published by the Ecological Society of America Issues in Ecology Number 4, Fall 1999 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes Issues in Ecology Number 4 Fall 1999 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes by Shahid Naeem, Chair, F.S. Chapin III, Robert Costanza, Paul R. Ehrlich, Frank B. Golley, David U. Hooper, J.H. Lawton, Robert V. ONeill, Harold A. Mooney, Osvaldo E. Sala, Amy J. Symstad, and David Tilman Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welfare. These ecosystem processes are controlled by both the diversity and identity of the plant, animal, and microbial species living within a community. Human modifications to the living community in an ecosystem as well as to the collective biodiversity of the earth can therefore alter ecological functions and life support services that are vital to the well-being of human societies. Substantial changes have already occurred, especially local and global losses of biodiversity. The primary cause has been widespread human transformation of once highly diverse natural ecosystems into relatively species-poor managed ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that such reductions in biodiversity can alter both the magnitude and the stability of ecosystem processes...
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...HARBORCO (ENVIRONMENTAL NEGOTIATOR) - PLANNING DOCUMENT Negotiation: __HARBORCO___________ Role: _ENVIRONMENTAL NEGOTIATOR What issues are most important to you? (list in order of importance) 1. Ecological Impact issues due to the construction of this port. This being the most important because the disruption of ecological settings will begin as soon as construction begins, so no room to try anything else to minimize this effect. 2. The industry mix that Harborco will be allowed to introduce. Even though there are legal limitations, “dirty” industries still cause short and long term havoc on the environment. 3. Voting on other issues strategically. While not trying to antagonize potential allies, an effort needs to be made to have a clear “win” on the issues, in hopes that other constituent environmental groups are impressed by the results and potentially boost contributions to the League. What is your BATNA? Reservation Price? Target? In this situation, it is very important for me to realize that I have a very weak BATNA. The BATNA is a government sanctioned degradation of the environment – Harborco is allowed to build a deepwater port including primarily dirty industries and causing serious damage to the ecology. For this reason, it is going to be very important for me to be able to influence the proposal, if at all it goes through. The target will be for me to convince the members to improve the ecological conditions around this site and restrict...
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...sTRAYER uNIVERSITY | Organization Theory Theoretical Research | Dr. Ian McDevitt- ECO 550 | | Bobby Sims | 6/22/2013 | | Introduction Organization Theories are the principles that provide foundations for businesses worldwide. These leadership theories exist to utilize and build organizational structure within the company. These theories have aided in the development of standards that leaders, followers, and managers attempt to achieve on a daily basis to exemplify the ideals of the company. After researching organization theories, I discovered that many companies display commonly used theories that fit their management model. The styles such as Classical Theory, Human Ecology, Contingency Theory, Resource Dependency, Organizational Economics, Institutional Theory, and the Network Theories. These theories have distinctly different concepts and I will explain those differences. Organization theories have provided many companies with the necessary tools to approach any situation and have a successful outcome. When organizations encounter complications, they can rest assure that there is a method that can be utilized to approach the situation positively and effectively. Leadership theories have many uses: training purposes, rational purposes, and even comforting purposes. These application of these theories are possible in any event and that is the reason why they are so useful. The first theory under discussion is the Organizational Theory. This theory characterizes...
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...because of that support he makes his research paper successful. And for his parents, he also wants to thank them for the patience, when the reasearcher loses hope while doing his research paper. To his class adviser Mrs. Judy A. Apan who gave him a chance to experience on how to do this kind of research paper And most of all to our God Almighty who give him enough knowledge and continuous giving him faith. Table of Contents Title Page Approval Sheet Chapter I *The Problem and its backround* Introduction Statement of the problem Score and Delimination Importance and Study Definition of terms Chapter II Review of related literature Chapter III Presentation Chapter IV Summary, Conclusion and recommendation Chapter V Bibliography Chapter I *The problem and its backround* INTRODUCTION ?It is because of those scientists? inventions.? ?Modern technology owes ecology an apology!? This is what some people say when the read the news about haze, deforestation, extinction of flora and fauna and global warming. They blame modern technology, the materials and ideas developed in the last century to assist humans in their activities, for the deterioration of...
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...approaches towards the environment trying to tackle and provide moral guidelines on how to treat and use the earth. During the course of this essay I will attempt to outline a few of the main secular and religious approaches to environmental issues and then through evaluation come up with a conclusion on which I feel is the best to follow. To make a good environmental theory, the ethical approach must provide moral guidelines for governments, big businesses and individuals alike. One secular theory, which tries to achieve this, is Conservationism. The conservationist theory aims to look at the value of that the environment has to humans and how looking after it and using it will affect us. The conservationist approach takes a shallow ecology approach, which believes that the earth has instrumental value. This means that if lowering the carbon emissions to protect the Maldives will benefit human life then a conservationist approach will argue that this is a good thing to do. The conservationist approach can be closely linked to Bentham’s hedonistic approach to Utilitarianism, sharing the ‘ if its beneficial enough to humans then we will do it but we wont bother if its too much work’ approach, which is also a secular theory. This anthropocentric view is useful when looking at ways to ensure individuals to there bit as it holds the moral opinion that by helping the earth you help humans in the long run, however it is somewhat flimsy and fails to appreciate the idea that the earth...
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...sites and species based on their conservation value: focusing business on biodiversity. Author (s): Arthur G. Blundell and Tormod V. Burkey Publication: BMC Ecology Year: September 2007 This article examines the effectiveness and usefulness of the schemes commonly used by businesses to evaluate where biodiversity offsets need be. Biodiversity offsets are essentially, the counter action taken by businesses that can offset environmental damages inflicted on the environment by operation. It is unfortunate, but it has been shown that if a business has to evaluate these issues from inside the company and in turn, pay the costs of the research and planning, it has been less likely to actually take place. The article explains “companies prefer to consult already completed schemes that rank sites rather than conduct the conservation planning themselves” (Blundell, A. & Burkey, T, 2007),. There in, propelled the necessity of forty commonly used schemes to asses priority levels and establish when and to what extent, conservation and biodiversity offsets are needed. The problem within companies using these already completed schemes is that the focus is mainly on endangered species and seem to be short-term based , while avoiding focus on current threat levels and importance of future environmental concerns. While these schemes do play a part in the process of alerting businesses of large scale conservation issues, they tend to be very broad in concern...
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...Bio Vocab 1. ecology - noun the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment; the environment as it relates to living organisms 2. biosphere - noun the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist 3. species - noun a specific kind of something; (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed 4. population - noun the act of populating (causing to live in a place); (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; the people who inhabit a territory or state; the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) 5. community - noun (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other; a group of people living in a particular local area; a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; a group of nations having common interests; common ownership; agreement as to goals; the body of people in a learned occupation; a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences 6. ecosystem - noun a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 7. biome - noun a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate 8. autotroph...
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...Urban sprawl and motorization have led to significant environmental and social problems. Suggestions have been made by various groups to solve these problems. Do some solutions work more efficiently than others? Urban sprawl, first originated from the US, in the second half of the 19th century, now has become a global phenomenon that is in the center of many different organizations – political, environmental and social groups due to its considerable harmful effects, mainly on ecology and sociology as most people believe. The main causes of this big-scale mass migration to the city outskirts were the birth of the automobile, affordability of fossil fuels, development of infrastructure – specifically the roads and its mass usage and production now referred to as motorization. As it was at the beginning and still is now, the driving force for this process of moving out of city resulting in bigger houses, individualized and privatized cars, vast transportation facilities, and greater contribution to the carbon dioxide emissions was the economical, rather than social, which actually government and business groups possessed interest in as it was fertile environment for their businesses. “Automobile manufacturers, gasoline producers, utilities, and the makers of home appliances have come to rely on the sprawled urban form to create and expand markets for their products” (Gonzalez, G.A, 2005, “Urban Sprawl, Global Warming and The Limits of Ecological Modernization”, Environmental...
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...organisms to be studied. These are some main branches of biology Botany, Entomology, Ecology, Anatomy, Immunology, Limnology, Genetics, Histology, Biomechanics and Embryology. The study of plant life or phytology is known as botany. It's studies the life and development of fungi, algae and plants. Botany also probes into the structure growth, diseases, chemical and physical properties of the plant species. Also it implies the importance of study of plant life on earth because they generated food, fibers, medicines, fuel and oxygen. A person who is working in the study of botany is called a botanist. As a botanist, you study plants and apply you knowledge to teaching and research in agriculture, horticulture, and land use planning and medicine. Usually they investigate the effects of environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature and disease on plant growth, they grow plants under controlled conditions to assess the significance of environmental variables and prepare handbooks for plant identification. Entomology is the study of insects. Insects are one of the most successful and diverse groups of living organisms in world today. It concentrates on studying the taxonomy, features, adaptations, roles and behavior of insects. If you're interested about insects and their behavior you might consider yourself to be an entomologist. They study the life history, physiology, and behavior of insects. Ecology is the study of the...
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...becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting. This fact is reverberating across the social, communication, information, and computer sciences and requires the development of new methods and increased interdisciplinary collaboration [39]. This collaboration requires researchers to use the comparative advantages of many disciplines in...
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...becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting. This fact is reverberating across the social, communication, information, and computer sciences and requires the development of new methods and increased interdisciplinary collaboration [39]. This collaboration requires researchers to use the comparative advantages of many disciplines in...
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