...Health Care Ethics Paper University of Phoenix HCS 435 Health Care Ethics In our society, health care professionals are bombarded with ethical issues in health care which we must firmly know the difference between right and wrong. However, in health care, there are many circumstances which health care professionals do not always make the correct ethical decisions. Theses ethical decisions affect society and the next generation to come. Therefore, the Patient Self-Determination Act is the main issue which affects our society. Generally speaking, the Patient Self Determination Act (PSDA) in most hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies, and HMO’s routinely provide information on advance directives at the time of admission. They are required to do this by federal law. The PSDA simply requires that most health care institutions do the following: give you at the time of admission a written summary of your health care decisions-making rights, the facility’s policies with respect to recognizing advance directives, and ask you if you have an advance directive, and document that fact in your medication record. On the contrary, many physicians were not in favor of a policy for patient self determination because they felt that this would decrease their authority regarding medicine, interfere with the patient-physician relationship, and be one more legal regulation (General Accounting Office (GAO) Letter Report, 1995). However, the American Medical Association supported...
Words: 885 - Pages: 4
...personal and professional challenges that impact how and when we chose to advocate. It is imperative we have a healthy awareness of these potential challenges. Improvements in health care technology have provided patients with an array of treatment options as well as assumed or possible increased chance of survival. As a result, nurses are met with a rise in ethical decision making. This paper will discuss the legal, ethical, social, and personal factors that can impact our decision making process, with the focus on two specific case studies. American Nurses Association Code of Nursing Ethics Role in Practice The American Nursing Association (ANA) has created a set of ethical standards for the profession of nursing to abide by, which is entitled the ANA Nursing Code of Ethics. The ANA Code of Ethics states that collaboration is central to the care nurses deliver and to their ethical commitment to the patient (Garity, 2005). In the end-of-life case study, the nurse (she) has an unwritten obligation to the patient; the family appears to be in conflict with how to proceed with the patient's medical treatment. The medical team has an obligation to give the family all of their options and possible outcomes. If the family remains in conflict, it would then be appropriate for her to refer the family to the Patient’s Ethics Committee. Referring the family to the committee allows the family to make the final decision of what would be the most favorable outcome for the patient. The critical...
Words: 1859 - Pages: 8
...Case Study –Ethical Issues Mr. Bailey is a 90 year old admitted with exacerbation of COPD. He is short of breath and has worsening pulmonary edema. He is oxygen dependent. He is alert and orientated. His code status is DNR and has a supportive family. He is very SOB when talking. Mr. Bailey tells the nurse that he wants to talk to the doctor about taking the O2 off and leaving it off so he can go to sleep. He shares that he is tired of being sick. “I know this disease will kill me.” Mr. Bailey’s family arrives and he discusses the above with his children. They openly discuss that if the O2 is removed he will die. The family is upset but supports his choice. The MD comes in and turns off the O2 and removes the nasal cannula. An hour and a half after the O2 is removed, Mr. Bailey dies. 1. Is this case unusual? Yes, he discusses that he wants to speak with the doctor about taking the Oxygen off, but there wasn’t a discussion with the doctor. 2. What is the Patient Self Determination Act? This act requires healthcare facilities that receive Medicare/Medicaid funding to inform their patients about their right to initiate an advance directive, and the right to consent to or refuse medical treatment. 3. Describe the purpose of 3 advanced directives (ex. Living Will, DPOA, Health Care Proxy) -A living will gives you some say in the medical decisions that must be made while you can't respond. It is the formal document that states your wishes for specific health...
Words: 541 - Pages: 3
...Running head: LEGAL CASE STUDY: TERRI SCHIAVO CASE Legal Case Study: The Terri Shiavo Case University of Phoenix Legal Case Study: Terri Schiavo Case Terri Schiavo sustained a permanent brain injury on February 25, 1990. She did not have a living will or a durable power of attorney. Her husband, Michael Shiavo, was appointed her legal guardian. Because Ms. Shiavo was unable to swallow, a feeding tube kept her alive and nourished. Later that year, she was determined to be in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Throughout the early 1990’s, Mr. Shiavo worked hard with his wife’s health care team, providing her with extensive rehabilitation, which included physical, occupational, and speech therapies. Despite this effort, Ms. Shiavo’s condition did not improve. After he accepted his wife’s prognosis, he worked to follow through with what he stated were her beliefs that she would not want to continue to be kept alive through the means of artificial life support. Her parents disagreed with his convictions of what his wife would want, and subsequently the most watched ethical dilemma played out for the world to see. (Perry, Churchill, & Kirshner, 2005). This case has been the focus of medical, legal, theological, ethical, political, and social controversy nationwide. The case alone threatened to undo thirty years of ethical and legal progress enabling individuals to control and limit medical interventions performed on them. (Hook & Mueller, 2005). This paper will discuss...
Words: 2300 - Pages: 10
...In nursing, many legal and ethical decisions must be made as part of the profession. There are many tools that nurses can use including the America Nursing Association (ANA) Code of Ethics. Nursing staff should listen to patient’s personal and societal values, and know the legal aspects and responsibilities that relate to this profession. In the first case study, a family has had a tragedy where the mother has had a hemorrhagic stroke, and her outcome looks bleak. As a nurse, first the first responsibility is to be empathetic during these tragic times. Then nursing staff needs to help the family unite on whatever their decision. Provision two of the ANA code of ethics state “The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community.” (Silva, Sorrell, 2006). The family, if they have no medical background, has no clue the avenues of care the facility can take, so they need to be informed. The Code of Ethics in provision three says, “The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient.” (Silva, Sorrell, 2006). Many different personal values from different members of the family that need to be addressed so the decision can be made united. When faced with tough decisions, both our personal views and societies outlook can affect the decision making process. Our personal feelings or beliefs can cloud our mind from the big picture. Our heart may say, “Do the surgery!” but we may forget...
Words: 1408 - Pages: 6
...the southeastern region of the state. It is comprised of poor communities where residents often are forced to travel as far as fifty miles or more for adequate health care. Market research shows there is a significant need for quality hospice care in this region, with only six competitors that travel to the homes of patients living in the rural counties (Yellow Pages, n.d). Caring Hospice will thrive for years to come simply due to the fact that it will bring care to the patients in their own homes. FINANCIALS The start-up budget includes a list of expenditures (Henderson, 2003). The expenses will be compiled of operating and non-operating costs (Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk, 2010). The start-up costs will be paid with a new business loan the first 90 days. After this time, the business will be able to support itself with revenue from billing to Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurances (Hogan & Hartson, 2012). The estimated beginning budget will need to be $200,000 for the initial 90 days of service. Staffing salaries | $60,000 | Office Rental and Overhead | $20,000 | Office supplies including billing software | $15,000 | Durable Medical Equipment/Medications | $30,000 | Insurances, licenses, marketing, accountant | $75,000 | The billable revenue will not only sustain the company for continued business, but...
Words: 1698 - Pages: 7
...Legal Case Study This study is about a 41 year old woman whose name is Terri Schiavo. She was in a persistent vegetative state for 15 years with a brain injury before she died on March 31, 2005. This paper discusses her 15 year ordeal, the effects of it on her husband and family, Terri’s right to die, and the importance of end of life choices. We discuss the ethical and legal issues involved in the decision making of this case. Her husband and family disagreed on how to handle her situation, whether or not to remove her feeding tube. Even though their Terri was in both of their best interest, they could not agree on, would removing the feeding tube be killing her or letting her die? Ethical Importance Terri had left no written instructions as to what her wishes might be if she were no longer able to make her own medical decisions. The only thing that the court and her family had to go on was what her husband and family remembered her saying in conversation over the years. The memories of her husband and family were very different. In the beginning of this ordeal they both agreed that everything should be done for Terri’s survival because at that time there was hope. After a while, when Terri did not appear to be changing, or getting better, her husband believed that the quality of life that Terri had was not the quality that she would have wanted had she been able to voice her opinion. “Michael Schiavo said his wife had said that she would never want to be...
Words: 1209 - Pages: 5
...receive these services. These are just some examples of the kinds of ethical challenges that patients and their families may confront in the health care setting. Disagreements typically take one of two forms. Either the health care professional might push a treatment option for more or less treatment that patients and families deem unacceptable, or conversely patients/families may push a treatment option, whether it is more or less treatment, or different treatment, as an alternative, or complementary treatment that health care professionals deem unacceptable (Breslin, MacRae, Bell, & Singer, 2005). Ethical Issue According to research studies, it is the end-of-life critical care cases that tend to be the most emotionally charged, and the most intractable, because these are the cases in which the most is at stake. End of life cases typically amount, literally, to conflicts over life and death. A paradigm example of what has become the most common scenario would involve a patient in the late stages of a terminal illness, such as cancer with multiple metastases, or an elderly patient with multiple co-morbidities, who is...
Words: 1953 - Pages: 8
...Physician Assisted Suicide Jason July 9, 2012 Most states in the United States make euthanasia, also known as physician-assisted suicide, a felony crime, punishable by years of imprisonment. Euthanasia is a very notorious issue within the medical and legal systems; which has been in debate for almost two million years. The word ‘euthanasia’ comes from the Greek origin and means “good death, or easy death.” (Pozgar, 2010) When considering a physician acting in the best interest of the patient, the “legal system must ensure that the constitutional rights of the patient are maintained, while protecting society’s interests in preserving life, preventing suicide, and maintaining the integrity of the medical profession.” (Pozgar, 2010)Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue, especially when patients and their families recognize the quality of life being greatly decreased, with no end to the pain and suffering, the real problem occurs for both the patient and family, but for the health care professionals as well. Surely we all remember Dr. Jack Kevorkian, one of the most controversial and most publically followed physicians held liable for his actions in physician-assisted suicide. The medical staff is trained to save lives, preserve life, treat illness, and bandage wounds, so it would be considered very unethical for any medical profession to aid in euthanasia. “The prohibition against killing patients ... stands as the first promise of self-restraint sworn to in the...
Words: 2286 - Pages: 10
...JAMES F. LAWRENCE, & SUZANNE O. GRESLE Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Abstract Tube feeding can be an appropriate and effective means of providing nutrition for individuals who are unable to achieve adequate nourishment orally because of various medical problems. However, the delivery of nutrients by tube feeding can cause ethical dilemmas in cases where the effectiveness of tube feeding diminishes and medical complications increase. The decision to tube feed is often influenced by regional and cultural preferences, as well as the high cost of providing mealtime assistance. The effectiveness and appropriateness of tube feeding has been the subject of much debate as it applies to those with severe cognitive impairments and those who are in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Recent research shows that in these vulnerable populations, tube feeding alone does not necessarily prevent malnutrition and risk of infection or improve functional status and comfort. While advanced directives allow an individual to make decisions about his or her care at the end of life, court cases and religious doctrine examine the individual’s right to autonomous decision making in opposition to preserving the sanctity of life. As long as the outcome of this debate is largely undecided, the process of dying may be prolonged for those who can no longer advocate for themselves. Keywords: Enteral feeding, tube feeding, ethics, persistent vegetative state, dementia...
Words: 8277 - Pages: 34
...May, 1999 & commenced commercial operation on 3rd June, 1999; and since then it is trying to satisfy customers’ needs in full speed. The credit department of the bank plays a vital role in keeping its operation smooth. In the case, the relationship of banker & customer take the form of creditor and debtor. Standard Bank offers different types of loans and advances, which are mainly, categorized under 2 heads, namely Small Enterprise Loan & Consumer Financing. The various types of loans that fall under the category of Small Enterprise Loan are: Easy Commercial Loan, Retailers Loan, Transport Loan, Commercial House Building Loan, Possession Right Loan, Contractor’s Loan, Letter of Guarantee, Working Capital Loan, Letter of Credit, Loan against Imported Merchandise, Loan against Trust Receipt, Builders’ Loan, & Project Loan. And the loans under Consumer Financing are: Easy Loan, Consumer Durable Loan, Parua Loan, Thikana Loan, Flexi Loan, Peshajeebi Loan. This report highlights the loan policies of Standard Bank Limited; explain different issues regarding the disbursement of loans such as: sector where loans are provided, purposes of the loan, eligibility to get loans, documents required, interest charged on loans, & also the rate of penal interest in case of late repayment. From my observation, some weaknesses of the loan policies of Standard Bank Limited are detected, such as high interest rate, charging of loan processing fee, penal interest, maximum size of the loan is small...
Words: 19536 - Pages: 79
...HIPAA AREAS OF COMPETENCE 2003 Role Delineation Study CLINICAL Fundamental Principles ɀ Apply principles of aseptic technique and infection control ɀ Comply with quality assurance practices Patient Care ɀ Coordinate patient care information with other health-care providers GENERAL Legal Concepts ɀ Perform within legal and ethical boundaries ɀ Prepare and maintain medical records ɀ Document accurately ɀ Follow employer’s established policies dealing with the health-care contract ɀ Implement and maintain federal and state health-care legislation and regulations ɀ Comply with established risk management and safety procedures ɀ Recognize professional credentialing criteria CHAPTER OUTLINE ɀ ɀ ɀ ɀ Medical Law and Ethics OSHA Regulations Quality Control and Assurance Code of Ethics ɀ HIPAA ɀ Confidentiality Issues and Mandatory Disclosure OBJECTIVES After completing Chapter 3, you will be able to: 3.1 Define ethics, bioethics, and law. 3.2 Discuss the measures a medical practice must take to avoid malpractice claims. 3.3 Describe OSHA requirements for a medical office. KEY TERMS abandonment agent arbitration assault authorization battery bioethics breach of contract civil law contract crime criminal law defamation disclosure durable power of attorney electronic transaction record ethics expressed contract felony fraud implied contract law law of agency liable living will malpractice claim misdemeanor moral values ...
Words: 15296 - Pages: 62
...Professional Roles & Values Project Heather Cantrell Western Governors University Nursing has evolved over the years to entail more than just caring for another person. The nursing profession encompasses regulatory agencies, professional organizations, theories, values, traits and a code. The following outlines some of what it means to be a nurse. A. Functional Differences The Board of Registered Nurses is an entity set up to protect the public from nurses and to regulate the practice of registered nurses. It protects the public by: setting educational standards for RN’s, approving nursing programs, evaluating license applications, issuing and renewing licenses, issuing certificates, taking disciplinary action when needed and managing intervention programs. The BRN assists me by keeping me accountable to the pledge I made as an RN to adhere to my scope of practice and maintaining my continuing education units (BRN, 2016). Professional Nursing Organizations, like the American Nursing Association, act as a voice of a nurse to the public and government. The ANA promotes the rights of nurse’s in the workplace, projects a positive view of nursing and lobbies the congress and other health care industries on behalf of nurses. My membership with the ANA personally is a resource to me for workplace issues that come up and ethical concerns I may have. The ANA offers continuing education units in the form of conferences, seminars and articles. I benefit from the ANA by having...
Words: 2597 - Pages: 11
...Sincerely yours On Behalf of our Group ………………………. Sameya Azad This is high time we conveyed our deepest gratitude and sincere submission to the Almighty ALLAH for giving us the opportunity to accomplish such an enjoyable task of preparing this report in time. We express our thanks to our dear course teacher Mrs. Farzana Lalarukh for assigning us a report dealing with the Real estate sector and detail business plan of project developer and land developer in Bangladesh. In this regard, we would also like to thank ourselves for our good teamwork and successful team spirit. Without co-operation and the support from each other, it would not be possible to prepare a resourceful report. The presentation of this formal study paper is of a great expectation in our BBA program and we are...
Words: 7200 - Pages: 29
... | | |CONTENTS |PAGE NO: | |∆∆Chapter-1 (Introduction) | | |» 1.01. Origin of the Report | | |» 1.02. Objective of the Study | | |» 1.03. Methodology | | |» 1.04. Scope of the Report | | |» 1.05. Limitations of the Study | | |∆∆Chapter- 2 (Prime Bank at a Glance) | | |» 2.01. Background | | |» 2.02. Objective of the bank | | ...
Words: 22086 - Pages: 89
