...Markets Hong Kong Disneyland HK$3.3 bn project loan Prof. Ingo Walter 1 Hong Kong Disneyland Borrower Project Cost Infrastructure Start Construction Start Opening HKTP Structure Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited (HKTP) - owner & operator HK$14 Billion End-2000 End-2002 2005 - HK government 57% plus conversion rights into common for infrastructure development (up to 75% ownership if exercised) - HK$ 3.25 billion - Disney 43% - HK$2.45 billion - HK government sub-debt with repayment starting in Year 16 - HK$6.1 billion - Bank Loan - HK$2.3 billion 15-year non-recourse loan plus HK$1 billion non-recourse revolving working capital loan post-construction – HK$3.3 billion. 2 Mandate - Seeking Disney acting on behalf of HKTP, asks 17 banks to bid and it could mandate upto 3 banks to lead the deal Chase options: No bid Bid to win Bid to lose 3 Chase Options No bid 1. Joint mandate (fee split) 2. Aggressive competition (especially from Bank of China and HSBC) 3. Bad track record (Eurodisney) 4. Credit Issues: 15-year maturity No collateral other than site yet to be built Non-subordination of management fees Desire to use cash flows to grow the project Market risk Force majeure risk 5. Need for fully underwritten deal 4 Chase Options Bid to win 1. Disney important client 2. Marquee deal for the region 3. Chase not a top-10 player in Asian project loans Exh.6a (weak spot it is global leader). Management...
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...Life Line (a complete series of personnel credit facility) Loan agst. Trust Receipt Transport Loan Real Estate Loan (Res. & Comm.) Loan Agst. Accepted Bill Industrial Term Loan Agricultural Term Loan Lease Finance Other Term Loan FMO Local currency Loan for SME FMO Foreign currency Loan Cash Credit (Hypothecation) Small Shop Financing Scheme Overdraft Dutch-Bangla Bank offers a wide range of corporate banking services. They include: Project finance The Bank encourages accepting purpose/project specific development funds on competitive terms towards economic upliftment and well being of the people/country by way of setting up a new stand alone, capital intensive project or for BMRE of an existing project. Working Capital finance The bank considers lending short –term working capital finance to entities engaged in manufacturing, assembling, processing, re-packaging of goods and commodities for domestic consumption or export market. However, unsecured loans (not collateralized) for working capital without justification or purpose is not considered. Syndications & Structured finance The Bank, on case to case basis, arranges loan syndications or approves disclosed participations in syndications provided such transactions meet the parameters separately established.oThe bank will at all times maintain at the minimum a pari-passu status to other banks in all lending relationships. Second mortgages or lower are not be accepted as primary collateral. Trade...
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...Harvard Business School 9-291-026 Rev. October 29, 1993 Note on Bank Loans Bank loans are a versatile source of funding for businesses. For example, these loans can be structured either as short- or long-term, fixed or floating rate, demand or with a fixed maturity, and secured or unsecured. While each potential borrower's business is unique, reasons to borrow generally include the purchase of assets including new fixed assets or entire businesses, repayment of obligations, raising of temporary or permanent capital, and the meeting of unexpected needs. Loan repayment generally comes from one of four sources: operations, turnover or liquidation of assets, refinancing, or capital infusion. This note describes traditional bank lending products, the role of the lending officer, credit evaluation, and the structuring of credit facilities and loan agreements. Specialized loan and credit products are described in Appendix A. Traditional Commercial Bank Lending Products While increased competition has forced banks to develop innovative credit facilities and financing techniques, traditional products, which include short-term, long-term, and revolving loans, continue to be the mainstay of commercial banking. Short-Term Loans Short-term loans, those with maturities of one year or less, comprise more than half of all commercial bank loans made. Seasonal lines of credit and special purpose loans are the most common short-term credit facilities. Their primary use is to finance...
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...becomes a crucial and high priority mission in such risky environment. Question 1: First, it is important and necessary to identify all the kind of risk Wellfleet Bank faces in this strategy. Syndicated and leveraged loans have played important roles in Wellfleet Banks’ corporate bank business since 2004. Facility for Gatwick Gold Corporation, with a large amount of debt already, a 1-year bridging loan of $1billion is considered as a leveraged loan. Gatwick Gold Corporation had committed a $50 million facility before. A sudden increase in this limit by $1 billion surprised relationship manager Jaidev Kapoor, who had 10-year working experience in Wellfleet. In addition, a syndicated loan agreement is the kind of loan in which a borrower requires a large or sophisticated facility or multiple types of facility by the channel through funding from a group of lenders. It facilitates the loan process by combining several separate bilateral loans, each with different terms and conditions, into one agreement between the borrower and the whole group of banks. Term loan facility and revolving loan facility are the two major types of facility commonly syndicated. Under a term loan facility, lenders only provide a specified amount of capital over the period of loan at a fixed interest rate. In contrast, lenders provide an aggregate amount of capital in several times over...
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...Lecture 4: Credit risk The nature of banking is strongly related to the management and control of risks. This lecture gives an overview of the main risks to which banks are subject, namely interest rate risk/market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk, as well as broader systemic risks. We then examine economic issues relating to the core of banks’ traditional business, namely onbalance-sheet lending. We focus in particular on the various ways in which banks seek to control the risks arising from their loan books. This discussion includes a brief assessment of issue of credit rationing which is an issue of both microeconomic and macroeconomic significance. Bank risks – an overview What is risk? – danger that a certain unpredictable contingency can occur, which generates randomness in cashflow Risk and uncertainty – risks may be described using probability analysis (business cycle, company failures), while events subject to uncertainty cannot (financial crises, wars etc.) Risk and variability – variability alone may not entail risk as long as known for sure ex ante The nature of qualitative asset transformation- gives rise to risks because of mismatched balance sheet. Main forms of risk Credit risk – risk that party to contract fails to fully discharge terms of contract Interest rate risk – risk deriving from variation of market prices owing to interest rate change Market risk – more general term for risk of market price shifts Liquidity risk – risk asset owner unable to...
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...been required by the Tax Office to divulge the details of customers with offshore structures. ''We recently complied with an order to provide the ATO with the details of all customers with a connection to Australia in various offshore jurisdictions,'' said Stephen Ries, a spokesman. Ashurst (formerly Blake Dawson) says it is its clients' responsibility to ensure they're meeting their tax obligations. ''Our firm actively advises our clients to comply with all applicable taxation laws and regulations,'' said spokesman Glenn Taylor. ''Some clients will establish international structures for a wide variety of legitimate business reasons and, on occasion, they seek our help to assist with this,'' he said. But confidential documents reveal that the secrecy of offshore accounts was paramount. File notes for the late John Anderson, a senior partner with accountancy firm KPMG, reveal his obsession with secrecy. Because of his position, ''he did not want at any stage for there to be a connection between himself and the trust,'' a Portcullis TrustNet file note reveals. ''We can assure him that his records or his confidentiality would never leave these offices.'' Mr Williams blamed accountants and lawyers for making such arrangements possible to begin with. '''I am going to focus in on those people who have got them into it in the first place and enabled this. ''I am going to target the facilitators.'' Leaks help untangle web of offshore havens and those using them Richard Dukes...
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... Interest earns on these loans and advances are the major source of income of the banks. Interest given on deposits is lower than the interest received on such loans and advances. Amount deposited by the customers forms the main source of loans and advances. Banks lend money in various forms for various purposes. Operation and expansion of business and commercial activities depend a great deal on the availability of loans/advances from commercial banks. The term ‘loan’ refers to the amount borrowed by one person from another. The amount is in the nature of loan and refers to the sum paid to the borrower. Thus from the view point of borrower, it is ‘borrowing’ and from the view point of bank, it is ‘lending’. Loan may be regarded as ‘credit’ granted where the money is disbursed and its recovery is made on a later date. It is a debt for the borrower. While granting loans, credit is given for a definite purpose and for a predetermined period. Interest is charged on the loan at agreed rate and intervals of payment. ‘Advance’ on the other hand, is a ‘credit facility’ granted by the bank. Banks grant advances largely for short-term purposes, such as purchase of goods traded in and meeting other short-term trading liabilities. There is a sense of debt in loan, whereas an advance is a facility being availed of by the borrower. However, like loans, advances are also to be repaid. Thus a credit facility-repayable in installments over a period is termed as loan while a credit facility repayable...
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...Internship Report On Loan Processing, Credit Appraisal, Follow-Up &Recovery Procedure of IFIC Bank Limited Internship Report On Loan Processing, Credit Appraisal, Follow–up & Recovery Procedure Of IFIC Bank Limited Prepared For: Mohammad Tanvi Newaz Assistant Professor, BRAC Business School BRAC University Prepared By Nafisa Marzan ID: 10304087 BRAC Business School Major in HRM & Finance BBA (Summer 2014) Date of Submission: 10September, 2014 Letter of Transmittal Date: 18th September, 2014 Mohammad Tanvi Newaz Assistant Professor, and Coordinator, MBA Program BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of Internship Report on “Loan Processing, Credit Appraisal, Follow – up& Recovery Procedure of IFIC Bank Limited”. Dear Sir, With due respect and humble submission, I like to state that I have completed my Internship report on “Loan Processing, Credit Appraisal & follow-up Recovery Procedure of IFIC Bank Limited”. The internship program has given me the opportunity to learn about different aspects of this well reputed organization. Before facing the corporate world, I have gathered general idea about the organization culture and activities. Without sincere cooperation and proper guidance of you it was not possible for me to prepare this report. For this act of kindness, I am grateful to you. I have tried my best to make this report as informative, practical, reliable and relevant as Possible. In preparation of this...
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...PROJECT REPORT ON SMEs PROJECT FINANCING BY BANKS SUBMITTED TO: PROF. MAYANK PATEL AND PROF. RAVIRAJ GOHIL SUBMITTED BY: MRINKAL GARG 1011113076 2011-13 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This is to acknowledge all those without whom this project would not have been a reality. Firstly I would to convey my heartfelt thank to my Professors, Prof. Mayank Patel and Prof. Raviraj Gohil, who always help me by giving valuable suggestions and guidance for completion of this project. I am also very thankful to my father Mr. Vimal Garg who provide me a unique platform to fulfillment of this project and provide practical exposure to earn knowledge in the field of sanctioning procedure of bank loans and learn the problems faced by customers and bankers during the financing a project that could be done in a bank. I also want to extend my sincere thanks to “Agarwal & Co.” who’s immense support and dedicated their time toward it to sharing their knowledge in the field of finance and learn the day-to-day activities that are carried out in the CA firm. I would like to thanks to, Prof. BALA BHASKARAN (Director of Shanti Business School, Ahmadabad) who provides me this golden opportunity by giving this project. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: 4 Objective: 4 Brief Description of Project: 4 INTRODUCTION 6 Introduction of Project Financing 6 Introduction of Banking 8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 14 PROJECT OUTLINE FOR PROJECT FINANCE 15 ...
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...Credit Risk Management of Prime Bank Limited University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Internship Report Credit Risk Management of Prime Bank Limited Submitted to Sumaiya Zaman Senior Lecturer ULAB School of Business Submitted by Sadia Ferdous ID # 092011014 Date of submission 21 August 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Sumaiya Zaman, Senior Lecturer, ULAB, for her guidance and feedback during this internship, without which I would have been unable to complete this task. I also express my gratitude to Prime Bank Limited for permitting me to do my internship in their organization. Special thanks to Credit Department of Shat Masjid Road Branch of prime Bank Limited for spending their valuable providing me with information, supervision and feedback during the course of my internship. I also like to thank the whole team of PBL for their help during my internship tenure. Page | 1 Letter of Transmittal August 21, 2013 Sumaiya Zaman Senior Lecturer ULAB School of Business University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB) Subject: Submission of internship report on topic of ‘Credit Risk Management of Prime Bank Limited’. Dear Madam, This is my internship report on ‘Credit Risk Management of Prime Bank Limited’. I tried my best to work sincerely to cover all aspects regarding credit risk management at Prime Bank Limited. I hope you will find this report acceptable and thank you for allowing me to proceed with ...
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...inherent in all aspects of a commercial operation; however for Banks and financial institutions, credit risk is an essential factor that needs to be managed. Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party may fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Credit risk therefore, arises from the bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals and other banks or financial institutions. In general, a banking system aggregates a high number of low value deposits to fund enterprises with a smaller number of high value loans. This intermediation through a well functioning bank helps to achieve some economic benefits for the depositors, the borrowers and above all -- the economy. The Bank must allocate loans effectively for achieving these broad objectives of the Economy. While identifying profitable enterprises, the Bank – in fact -- identifies risks of the borrower and business in order to allow loan in the context of its risk–return profile. In other words, Banks are in the business of risk taking; as such risk management is viewed as a...
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...Corporate Debt Restructuring in India Despite of best intentions and efforts, corporate find themselves in financial difficulty because of factors beyond their control or due to internal reasons. The trigger for difficulty might be an unstable macro-economic environment or changes in government policy or regulation or due to an incorrect strategic decision or problems within the company. If a company goes down, it takes an entire ecosystem of creditors, distributors, employees, customers, etc down with it. So at times, for the revival of corporate and for the safety of the money lent by banks and FIs, timely support through restructuring in genuine cases is called for. However, delay in agreement amongst different lending institutions often comes in the way of such endeavours. Based on the experience in countries like the UK, Thailand, Korea, Malaysia, etc. of putting in place an institutional mechanism for restructuring of corporate debt and need for a similar mechanism in India, a Corporate Debt Restructuring System was evolved and detailed guidelines were issued by Reserve bank of India on August 23, 2001 for implementation by financial institutions and banks. CDR is a non-statutory mechanism which is a voluntary system based on Debtor-Creditor Agreement (DCA) and Inter-Creditor Agreement (ICA). The accounts where recovery suits have been filed by the creditors against the company, may be eligible for consideration under the CDR system provided, there is approval by at least...
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...Chapter 12 Project Finance David Gardner and James Wright HSBC Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of Project Finance. This chapter will outline what Project Finance is, the key features which distinguish it from other methods of financing, the motivations and circumstances for utilising it and the typical structuring considerations therein. Moreover, it will be shown to be a method of infrastructure finance 1 which has become increasingly relevant in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis 2 . What is Project Finance? Project Finance can be characterised in a variety of ways and there is no universally adopted definition but as a financing technique, the author’s definition is: “the raising of finance on a Limited Recourse basis, for the purposes of developing a large capitalintensive infrastructure project, where the borrower is a special purpose vehicle and repayment of the financing by the borrower will be dependent on the internally generated cashflows of the project” This definition in itself raises a number of interesting questions, including: What do we mean by ‘Limited Recourse’ financing – recourse to whom or what? Why is Project Finance typically used to finance large capital intensive infrastructure projects? Why is the borrower a special purpose vehicle (SPV) under a project financing? What happens if the internally generated cashflows of the project are not sufficient to repay the financiers of the project? These points will...
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...Susan Yuska at the Chicago Fed was very helpful in guiding me through the Bank Holding Company Database. http://www.bof.fi ISBN 978-952-462-340-7 ISSN 0785-3572 (print) ISBN 978-952-462-341-4 ISSN 1456-6184 (online) Helsinki 2006 The effect of lenders’ credit risk transfer activities on borrowing firms’ equity returns Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 31/2006 Ian W Marsh Monetary Policy and Research Department Abstract Although innovative credit risk transfer techniques help to allocate risk more optimally, policymakers worry that they may detrimentally affect the effort spent by financial intermediaries in screening and monitoring credit exposures. This paper examines the equity market’s response to loan announcements. In common with the literature it reports a significantly positive average excess return – the well known ‘bank certification’ effect. However, if the lending bank is known to...
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...Executive Summary Eastern Bank’s tagline is “Simple Math”. But it is not so simple to serve the borrowers with the right package. A bank’s major liability is to deliver significant returns to their depositors. Unlike returns to shareholders, this return is promised. Unless delivered, depositors may take back the return with a vengeance; bankrupting the bank in the process. The banks developed various form of debtor selection processes to protect themselves against depositors grudge, i.e. delinquency of borrowers. CRG (Credit Risk Grading) and CRR (Credit Risk Rating) together makes one of those processes. This report is titled “Predicting Delinquency of EBL’s Corporate Customers.” EBL is one of the leading private commercial banks of Bangladesh. After starting its operation in 1992, the bank established itself as one of the most technologically advanced banks of the country. EBL has been offering diverse portfolio of products to its customer. CRG process is a borrower selection process advised by Bangladesh Bank. Private commercial banks in Bangladesh use CRG to predict the possibility of delinquency in the form of CRR. EBL uses the same process. This report first develops a model to test the CRR against financial data of a firm. Data obtained from 35 borrowers of EBL were used to run a linear regression taking CRR ratings of respective firms as dependent variable. Running the regression, the model shows that CRR of a firm does not reflect the firm’s financial data properly...
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