...globally optimal solution is attributable to certain properties of linear models. This is not the case for nonlinear optimization. Nonlinear optimization models may have several solutions that are local optimums. All nonlinear solvers converge to a locally optimal point. That is, a solution for which no better feasible solutions can be found in the immediate neighborhood of the given solution. Although better solutions can't be found in the immediate neighborhood of the local optimum, additional local optimums may exist some distance away from the current solution. These additional locally optimal points may have objective values substantially better than the solver's current local optimum. Thus, when a nonlinear model is solved, we say the solution is merely a local optimum, and the user must be aware other local optimums may, or may not, exist with better objective values. Consider the following small nonlinear model involving the highly nonlinear cosine function: MIN = X * @COS( 3.1416 * X); X < 6; (Note, graph not shown. Go to Lingo and click Help Topics. Select the “Index” Window and open Local Optima topic) The following graph shows a plot of the objective function for values of X between 0 and 6. You can see, if you're searching for a minimum, there are local optimums at X values of 0, 1.09, 3.03, and 5.02 in the "valleys". The global optimum for this problem is at X = 5.02, because it is the lowest, feasible valley. Graph of X * @COS( 3.1416 *...
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...One of the environmental problems that I feel is significant in our town of Booneville, MS to me is we don’t have anywhere that we really recycle at. We have a local garbage dump that people take their trash to, but there is no place where you can take your aluminum, paper, or glass when you are done with it. I see place that have places you can go and take these kinds of things and some places even provide a place where you can leave it outdoor and they will even go as far and take care of this for you. The reasons I see it this as an environmental problem is that if these things are not taking care of the right way it is going back into the environment and doing it more harm than good. We are cutting down more trees for paper products when all we have to do is recycle the things that can be recycled and use them. Every town or city should provide somewhere that you can recycle. I think some of the causes for this is they do not want to spend the necessary funds to see that the recycling is handled the correct way. Another reason is I just don’t think they see it as a problem like some of us do. I don’t think that any of the causes are related to human values are environmental ethics. I just think it is an oversight and that someone needs to bring it to a person in charge...
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...environmental problem within my town. My city council does not think it is necessary for all its citizens to recycle. Though we have a recycling facility in town, and everyone within city limits can elect to have a recycling bin picked up from their home, it is not mandatory nor do people, like me, who live outside the city limits have even the option of having their recycling picked up. To recycle, I would have to sort in my own bins and bring to the facility. I have contacted my home owners association with this problem and was told that the city does not have the resources to pick up recycling in the outer areas of our city. I live in a very rural city, and the trucks, staff, and finical cost are just unavailable. I think that the issue of not having recycling available to its citizens, my town is showing a lack of environmental ethics. I think that they are not looking out for the environment as they like people to think, or the state mandates, by only allowing certain citizens the resource to recycle. I think that this may also be classified as a lack of human values as well. Making mandated budget cuts to one of the most needed resources in our town while allowing the city’s politicians to receive pay raises, is extremely selfish and could end with detrimental consequences to our...
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...English final Name Professor Course Date Part I Anna Wintour, the editor in chief of the American Vogue Magazine is one of the characters depicted in the film The September Issue. The film is a documentary by R.J Cutler and his crew as they followed the daily routine of Wintour, which includes consulting with designers such as Oscar Del La Renta. In the film, Cutler gains access to her home and viewers can see her climbing chauffeur driven luxury cars. As the film opens, Wintour explains that fashion can make people nervous at time. In the film, Wintour lives to her reputation of being cold and detached. Wintour’s character is further highlighted by her relationship with Grace Coddington, Vogue’s creative director. According to The Independent (2014), Coddington’s character is opposite that of Wintour because she is approachable and cheerful. Wintour’s attitude towards her subordinates is further shown by the way she treats Coddington. She sometimes embarrassingly rejects her concepts and remains devoted to her lead feature: Sienna Miller. One of her signature looks is cutting her hair into the bob hairstyle, which she has retained since the 1960s. The September Issue follows Wintour during her shows and it highlights her demanding nature when she got the Milan Fashion Week moved another date to suit her schedule. This shows that Wintour not only runs a fashion magazine, but the entire fashion industry. At one instance, she meets the leading designer of Yves Saint Laurent...
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...CREATING SHARED VALUE BUSINESS POLICY ASSIGNMENT - 2 Executive Summary Creating Shared Value - Reinventing Capitalism By Michael Porter & Mark Kramer According to Michael Porter and Mark Kramer, "Creating Shared Value" can be defined as Policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. The concept of shared value which focuses on the connections between societal and economic progress has the power to unleash the next wave of global growth. Shared value involves creating economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs and challenges. The purpose of the corporation must be redefined as creating shared value, not just profit per se. This will drive the next wave of innovation and productivity growth in the global economy. Moving Beyond Trade‐Offs Solving social problems has been ceded to governments and to NGOs. Corporate responsibilities programs a reaction to external pressure have emerged largely to improve firms’ reputations and are treated as a necessary expense. Fair trade aims to increase the proportion of revenue that goes to poor farmers by paying them higher prices for the same crops. Though this may be a noble sentiment, fair trade is mostly about redistribution rather than expanding the overall amount of value created. The Roots of Shared Value A business needs a successful community...
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...In this essay, I [avoid personal pronouns in academic writing] would like to put on the Agenda the issue of ‘Hoarding and Squalor’ so as to bring awareness on the impact of this condition on the individual, families and the wider community. I analyse the issue of ‘Hoarding and Squalor’ by using existing evidence anecdotal evidence through studies on the impact and consequences this issue at micro and macro level. Further I will demonstrate the associated current social policies around this problem by incorporating a combination of techniques with the aim of advocating for better supports and systems. My overall aim is to bring about a change, in particular around three goals. These goals are inclusive of Social Policy review, multi-agency approach and trans-disciplinary delivery, funding request from the State Government in particular Families and Communities Services (FACs) and Mental Health in order to work with families in a person [spelling error] cent[e]red, strength based manner to ensure sustainable results. I incorporate Jansson’s steps of, diagnosing the context to identify contextual constraints and opportunities, softening the context to make it more amenable to a specific policy initiative and lastly activating change to get a decision maker or legislator to put an issue on the agenda of the other decision makers in the agency, community or legislative setting. (Jansson, 2003, pp. 148-165). Diagnosing Context What is Hoarding and Squalor In May 2013, for...
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...NOTE: This is a published paper and should be cited as follows: Simmons, A.M. (2012). Class on fire: Using the Hunger Games trilogy to encourage social action. The Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 56(1), 22-34. Abstract This article explores ways to utilize students’ interest in fantasy literature to support critical literacy. Focusing on Suzanne Collins's The Hunger Games series (2008, 2009, 2010), the author addresses how elements of the trilogy relate to violent acts in our world, helping student understand that violence and brutality toward children is not fiction, but very real, and that they can play a role in its abolishment, just like Katniss, through social action projects. Issues such as hunger, forced labor, child soldiers, and the sex trade that appear in both the fictional series and our world are discussed, encouraging students to assess their world and advocate for change. Examples of social action projects that utilize multiple literacies are suggested as a way to inspire students take action in the community and to stand up to injustice and brutality in hopes of creating a better world and a better human race. Using popular literature to pique student interest, this article explores how to incorporate the books in the Hunger Games series into the ELA classroom to support literacy and critical goals. Class on Fire: Using the Hunger Games Trilogy to Encourage Social Action Introduction The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins, comprising...
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...Shared Value Creation; Revolution or Rhetoric? Abstract The concept of Creating Shared Value(CSV), was made popular in a Harvard Business Review(2011)by M. Porter and R Kramer defines as, policies and operational practices that enhance the competitiveness of the company while transforming social problems which is related to the corporation into business opportunities and simultaneously yield greater profitability(Porter, Kramer,2011). As it sounds, it is a seductive promiseand has so far received obscene attention in the business markets and among business educators. Both authors seeks to regain trust in “business and society who has pitted against each other so long” …”Learning how to create shared value is our best chance to legitimize business”(Porter, Kramer, 2011) is how companies were viewed as prospering at the expense of the community. With both aims of evaluating and analysing the concept of creating shared value, in this paper, we suggest how CSV can help businesses harness its full potential by simply creating economic value while simultaneously creating value for society. Focusing on making the right kind profits, companies should look beyond just merely maximum profits but also integrates social benefits at the same time; starting a positive cycle which reconnects business with society. In CSV, it represents a new approach for businesses moving beyond CSR approaches in the past. However promising this bold new approach is, it has also created polarized...
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...nonsmokers view smoking as an undesirable social condition that should be banned or restricted in public buildings. Every newspaper is filled with stories about undesirable social conditions. Examples include crime, violence, drug abuse, and environmental problems. Such social problems can be found at the local, state, national and international levels. You will be focusing in the Public Policy Analyst on social problems in your own community. Specific community locations Your own community consists of… your school and your school district; your village, town or city; your county. The four examples of social problems above could possibly exist in all of these communities. For example, there could be a problem of increased stealing within your school or throughout the school district. Likewise, local police agencies—village, town, city and county—maintain statistics on crimes such as thefts within their jurisdiction. When you describe the social problem in step 1, you must specify the geographical setting. Some examples include Lehman High School, the Bronx High School District, the Bronx, New York City, or New York State. As mentioned before, PPA will be used only for local and state social problems. Social Problems of the Philippines Includes: OWADAYS, PHILIPPINES HAVE LOTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. SOME OF THESE ARE THE FF. -UNEMPLOYMENT -POVERTY How Overpopulation Causes Social Problems...
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...Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate...
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...Assignment 01 PYC3705 ____________________________________________ The organisation that I am currently thinking of engaging with is that of the “City of Johannesburg – Human Development Programmes”. This organisation is all about improving the quality of life of all Johannesburg citizens, envisaging a future city with improved social and human development realities. Through these programmes they hope to one day achieve enhanced quality of life for all the citizens, the so-called “Growth & Development Strategy 2040”. The Mission statement of this organisation is “to advance human development in Johannesburg by addressing poverty, inequality and social exclusion”. In sustaining this mission statement some of their goals include addressing household poverty through supporting poor and vulnerable households, emphasis is placed on rights and opportunities to address inequalities and lastly the introducing of social inclusion prospects in Johannesburg communities to eradicate social exclusion. Their strategic interventions include the promoting of the development of women and youth and access to social support for all groups. With regards to the statement of “where are they going”, as stated before in the GDS 2040 their hopes are to enhance the quality of life of all citizens in the near future, with some of its objectives being increased activities that empower women and the youth, providing knowledge to citizens on the process to attain social grants as well as eliminating...
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...among participants of a recent conference on the subject. Social networking and information sharing were identified as the most critical roles of IT in support of social entrepreneurship. However, in order to realize the full potential of these roles, conference participants suggested that four key challenges must be addressed: access, capacity, commonality, and the scholar-practitioner link. Keywords: information technology, social entrepreneurship Acknowledgement The author wishes to thank the organizers, participants, and volunteers of the 2009 Accelerating Social Entrepreneurship Conference for their wisdom, insight and interest. Introduction Interest in social entrepreneurship, the application of business models to social issues, has risen to the forefront of the global conversation on volunteerism and civic engagement. Social entrepreneurship combines the passion of a social cause with business principles, and is distinguished from other forms of entrepreneurship by its pursuit of mission related impact [1]. The last two decades have seen extraordinary growth in social entrepreneurship and increased attention from a variety of sectors [3, 5]. Media accounts of social entrepreneurial efforts are plentiful. See, for example, recent stories on Ashoka (http://www.ashoka.org), the global social entrepreneurial association, and micro-finance providers Kiva Loans (http://www.kiva.org) and...
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...ABSTRACT This report deals with the concept of Social Entrepreneurship and the work that a social entrepreneur does. The Report is a guide to learn Social Entrepreneurship through Handson experience. The Report covers my experience in starting a Social Enterprise, difficulties I encountered during the time and how to make a Social Enterprise a Viable option. This report covers everything from rise of this term Social Entrepreneur, to work done by Social Entrepreneurs, to the Entrepreneurial theories and approaches they follow or must follow. This report also describes several Social Ventures and the people behind those ventures who have brought about a positive social change. Social Entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon and the excitement it has created throughout the world because of the impact it has had is tremendous. This report thus describes what learning social entrepreneurship through hands-on experience is. The Report also lists the various people I contacted for Sponsorship and the manner in which they supported the project. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 03 ABSTRACT 04 1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 06 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODOLOGY 1.4 DATA COLLECTION 1.5 CHAPTER SCHEME 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3. HISTORY 17 4. MODERN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 22 5. SOME OUTSTANDING EXAMPLES 27 6. THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33 7. CONCLUSION 38 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY 39 6 CHAPTER-1 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1...
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...available at the Department Website) Social work practice is carried out through interactions between social workers and individuals, families, organizations and society. Social workers are inevitably shaped by their own experiences, beliefs, upbringing and culture, which might affect their interactions with these systems. This course encourages the students to start the reflective journey in visiting issues of self in relation to the perceived identity, intimacy, loss, family, and society. Through reflective exercises, discussions, and assigned readings, the students will develop a deeper understanding of their values, philosophy of life and behaviors, and how these in turn impact social work practice. The course adopts an active-learning and experiential approach. Assessment: 100% coursework. 5. Course Objectives: 1. To increase the reflexivity of the students 2. To enhance the development of self-understanding of the students in relation to their physical sensitivity, perspectives towards intimacy and loss, choices in life, and the value orientation towards broader social issues. 3. 4. To facilitate the students in examining the influences of their...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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