...The main argument of this article comprises theories and social concepts of justice and defines implicit human obligations. Normative beliefs are sculpted by the idea of prerogative rights, which overlook the human responsibility to the well-being of all people in society. Simone Weil infers that the use of human rights objectifies what is given and allocated to an individual instead of reifying human accountability and impartiality to one another. Human rights that are specified to the individuals based on status in a community sets a negative framework of selfishness and unjust behavior that ultimately involves the absence of pure justice. According to Simone Weil, justice should be united with responsibility and obligation, which can be...
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...situationally, not prescriptively. · We should seek the well-being of people, rather than love principles. · Only one thing is intrinsically good, namely, love: nothing else. · Love, in this context, means desiring and acting to promote the wellbeing of people. · Nothing is inherently good or evil, except love (personal concern) and its opposite, indifference or actual malice. · Nothing is good or bad except as it helps or hurts persons. · The highest good is human welfare and happiness (but not, necessarily, pleasure) · Whatever is most loving in a situation is right and good--not merely something to be excused as a lesser evil · Moral theology seeks to work out love's strategy, and applied ethics devises love's tactics. · Love "wills the neighbour's good" [desires the best for our neighbour] whether we like them or not. · The ultimate norm of Christian decisions is love: nothing else. · The radical obligation of the Christian ethic to love even the enemy implies unmistakably that every neighbour is not a friend and that some are just the opposite. · Love and justice are the same, for justice is love distributed. · Love and justice both require acts of will. · Love and justice are not properties of actions, they are things that people either do or don't do. · Love and justice are essentially the same. Justice is Christian love using its head--calculating its duties. The Christian love ethic, searching seriously for a social policy, forms a coalition with the utilitarian...
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...“Justice that love gives is surrender; justice that law gives is punishment” - M.K. Gandhi It is said that Justice is truth in action. Justice should always be for both the parties. But how is it possible to satisfy this notion, when justice changes its definition with different perceptions. As Mahatma Gandhi points out, that the perceived justice will alter with the changing reasons and the events inducing it. First of all, the idea of fairness and justice will vary with situations, because of the individualism prevailing in this world. No one will accept and react to it, in the same way. For this purpose, we need to dwell into the idea of willingness and trust. In a country like India, where majority of people believe in Karmic justice, the phenomena of getting tangible compensation, in return of intangible loss, is hard to digest. The victim is of love or law, their faith in the judgement will decide the verdict. If there is no trust, no punishment to the charged, will satisfy them and for them injustice will prevail. It is believed that there are three truth of every situation - one that „you‟ perceive, one truth that „I‟ believe and the truth that is visible to the world i.e. the „Universal Truth‟. It is important for the latter to be fiercely visible to all and then justice is given. When a person is in love, he willingly trusts the judgement or rather to say the cause. And once there is readiness and acceptance, nothing else matters. Many freedom ...
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...this question. Such as, mercy, unconditional love, forgiveness, hope, covenant love, justice, and thanks to God. These characteristics of a just society, can be found in the following book of the Bible; Hosea, Jonah, Amos, and Micah. First we will discuss the characteristics of a just society, that is found in the book of Hosea. This minor prophet talks will metaphors of God's mercy, and in the book of Hosea, he uses images of marriage and parenthood in order to show God's unconditional love. From doing this he expressed that in a just society there has to be mercy and unconditional love. Here is an example, “I will take you for my wife forever; I will take you for my wife in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love, and in mercy. I will take you for my wife in faithfulness; and you shall know the lord.” -Hosea 2:19-20 Another aspect of a just society that is found in Hosea's book, is known as judgment. He promises a harsh judgment for infidelity to the covenant, but he also suggests that a just society must have a unbreakable bond between the people and...
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...Social justice must be sought on all levels, not just in the modern context of fighting racism or in the secular context of supporting gay and abortion rights. Social justice within the church should literally fight to show compassion for and meet the needs of all. The biblical examples that have been used throughout this paper reveal that Jesus’ form of social justice seemed to focus on individuals rather than merely society at large, pointing to a crucial truth of successful social activism: it begins with the individual. He treated everyone that entered His life, for however long or short, with compassion and love, understanding their value in the kingdom. Therefore it is finding of this paper, through examining the actions of Jesus, that...
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...In the texts The Divine Comedy, On Law Morality and Politics, and Revelations of Divine Love, there is a central theme of divine justice. In Dante’s Inferno, divine justice is God’s will for mankind and the order of the universe. In Saint Thomas Aquinas’ text, divine justice is the consequence of straying away from divine law. Finally, in Julian of Norwich’s work, the purpose of divine justice is to earn God’s mercy and eventually reside in his presence. Using different understandings of divine law and justice, each author is uniquely able to convey a similar message – mankind’s purpose is to achieve salvation and be in God’s grace. In Dante’s The Divine Comedy, the nature of justice seems to be impartial and unexempt from anyone. Specifically,...
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...communion with him. Original justice is the state of complete harmony of our first parents with themselves, with each other, and with all creation. In the first few chapters of the Book of Genesis, there are 3 important truths that are revealed. God has given human beings a share of his divine life; human beings were created to live in communion with God; God created human beings to live in loving communion with one another. These truths lead to important social justice principles. Each human life has great worth & must be protected. We must promote values that emphasize the inherent worth of each individual; as human beings we cannot find the happiness we long for by pursuing things that do not lead to God; God intends that human beings form communities of love & justice to work together for the common good; we must have the same concern for other people’s welfare that we do for our own. Out of this article, I feel like original holiness & original justice are the two main goals that all human beings want to achieve. I think that genocide is a very bad thing and that no human beings deserve to die. Also, I got out that all human beings are born with Original Sin because of the Fall with Adam & Eve. Article 2: The Social Dimension of God’s Plan of Salvation Abraham and his decedents would be the model society for those to come of living peaceful and just lives. Also, through faith, any person can regain their original holiness and Codell 2 justice and live in communion with others...
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...No one is perfect. Surely as humanity as a whole, our world is also lacking perfection. From this arise the many justice issues we face today. The largest rights violation that still seems to elude the most change for the good is the equality rights for women. Since women form half of the human beings inhabiting planet Earth, their human rights should be extended. If a society does not hold justice and equality for all women in the highest regard, neither will it hold justice and equality for the many varieties of men in high regard. Justice is synonymous to such concepts as righteousness, lawfulness, and equality. According to Lucas, as an ethical category, justice can be defined as a principle of fairness. However, justice in its legal and ethical aspects can be defined as acting according to the ideal of fair-doing recognized in a particular society, and treating a person or their doings in accordance to this ideal and state laws. This definition of justice raised an issue of women’s rights to equality abused happening today around the world. One of the most horrific acts of abuse toward women’s right is honor killing. In various countries, particularly in the Middle East and parts of South Asia, women who bring dishonor to their families because of sexual indiscretions or even rape are forced to pay a terrible price at the hands of male family members. This brutal act is most commonly found among Islamic religion. For example, in Palestine, women and girls suffer a wide...
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...University of Sharjah International Relations Political Theory Ideas on States and Justice in the thought of Augustine and Rousseau Essay Assignment By: May Ramez Mahrat Supervised by: Dr. Jeremy Kleidosty Arguments and philosophical explanations for what justifies power and states, inspired by the European Enlightenment thought, has headed closer toward reasoning and further from faith. The thought of Rousseau and Saint Augustine is a clear representation of the two poles of reason and faith in political thought. Rousseau, outlining the basis of his social contract on the natural goodness of human beings and putting sovereignty in the hand s of people, differs widely from Augustine who addresses the state as an “essential evil” put to discipline men who are sinners by nature. The political arguments of these two philosophers, who lived in two different ages, represent a different kind of Enlightenment for the both ages that they lived in. This essay will discuss Rousseau’s and Augustine’s regards to state, justice and property and will examine the effects of their thoughts on modern politics. Augustine and Rousseau in Comparison Wrapping his political and social beliefs with virtuous, deist and theological Christian discourse, Augustine, the Christian bishop, presents a leap in the Western thought at a time close to the beginning of the middle ages. His political views in his writings are interpreted differently by various scholars as he rarely expresses direct...
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...central ideas as the question of justice. The two plays have several attributes in common and also have some differences. Both plays fall under the tragedy genre where the respective kings, King Oedipus in “Oedipus Rex” and King Creon in “Antigone”, display lack of justice and get punished as a result. In “Oedipus Rex”, King Oedipus displays lack of justice by killing the former king (Laius) and all his servants, except one, mercilessly. He also committed a sin by marrying his own mother. Similarly, King Creon displays lack of justice in the play “Antigone”, by denying the burial of Polenysis and he displays cruelty by being the immediate cause for the death of Antigone, the death of his son and the queen as well. In both plays, the curses on the land of Theses came out of the sins of the respective kings. Fate has a critical role in both plays. In “Oedipus Rex”, King Oedipus knew that he would kill his father and breed children from his own mother. That made him leave Corenth to get rid of his supposedly parents. But the return of Oedipus to Thebes paved the way for the prophecy to occur. In “Antigone”, King Creon couldn’t listen to the words of the blind prophet and paid the price for his ignorance. In the two plays, justice was realized in a similar way; which is through the punishment of the kings who disrespected the will of the gods and the will of ordinary Thebans. Even if no evil deed went unpunished in either of the plays, the justice didn’t come in the form of compensation...
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...Justice involves making individuals and communities a whole by upholding both goodness and impartiality. Justice is also about equality and ensuring that those who are less fortunate have access to the basic needs of humanity. The Eucharist teaches Christians the basic values of forgiveness, love and sacrifice. Christians in the 21st century are working towards achieving these values through two organisations that demonstrate the relationship between justice and living the Eucharistic life. These two organisations are Caritas and St. Vincent De Paul. The Eucharist originates in the words and actions of Jesus at his last supper with his disciples. The Last Supper in the scriptures is presented as a unique event, but in fact one activity, which typified Jesus’ ministry, was the constant sharing of meals with men and women of all types and levels of society. The Eucharist makes us united as one with Christ spiritually. It is the most significant celebration in the Church’s liturgy and the source and basis of all Catholic life. The appearances of bread and wine in the Eucharist are a sign of nourishment and when consumed it is known that Jesus is present. It encompasses the life, and death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus’ ultimate sacrifice is now presented through Eucharist nowadays as a re-enactment of Christ’s Last Supper with his disciples to make Christians become one with Christ spiritually until reunited in the Kingdom of God. According to the Last Supper, Jesus...
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...Hermesmann 1 Anna Hermesmann Nothing From Nothing: Concepts of Justice in King Lear Ex nihilio nihilfit—“nothing comes from nothing.” In the pre-Christian world of Shakespeare‟s King Lear, this doctrine rules as the actions of the characters prove futile and tragedy results. Lear fails to maintain order in his kingdom and his family; Gloucester loses his sight; and Cordelia, the only one who really loves her father, dies. Critics such as Samuel Johnson have argued that because of Cordelia‟s death, Shakespeare‟s ending is flawed, that he fails to follow the “natural ideas of justice” by allowing “Cordelia to perish in a just cause.” In 1689, approximately eighty years after Shakespeare completed the first text of King Lear, Nahum Tate published an alternate ending to the play in which Cordelia lives and eventually goes on to rule in her father‟s place. While this “happy” ending was performed as if it were Shakespeare‟s original for decades afterwards, it actually runs contrary to the original version of King Lear by applying Judeo-Christian human concepts of justice to a world that is not governed by a just God. In the nihilistic world Shakespeare creates, there is no just force to establish an objective morality, and therefore, the rules of right and wrong, and the consequences of each, are obsolete. Thus, because King Lear is set in a world in which the generally accepted rules of justice do not apply, Shakespeare‟s ending, including the death of the only truly virtuous character...
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...ETHICS ( MORAL PHILOSOPHY) Ethics , also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad , right and wrong. The term is applied to any system or theory of moral values and principles . It involves systematizing , defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong . Philosophers divide ethical theories into four different categories 1. Metaethics 2. Normative ethics 3. Agapeic ethics 4. Applied ethics 1. METAETHICS What does moral language mean ? Do moral facts exist ? How can we know whether moral judgments are true or false ? Metaethics is the branch of ethics that seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties , statements , attitudes and judgments . Two prominent issues of metaethics are : 1.1 Metaphysical Issues: Objectivism and Relativism Objectivism or other worldly views suggest that reality exists as an objective absolute – facts are facts, independent of man’s feelings , wishes , views or hopes. It holds that there is no fundamental contradiction between the free, abstract character of mental life and the physical body in which it resides . It holds it as undeniable that humans have free will, and opposes metaphysical determinism or fatalism. The metaphysical relativism is the claim that there are no absolutes in reality; epistemological is that there are no absolutes in knowledge; morality is the denial of moral absolutes; and religious is the clam that there is no true religion . Greek philosopher...
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... * Micah was a prophet during the period of approximately 742-687 A.D. * Contemporaries were the prophets Isaiah and Hosea * * According to commentaries, Micah emphasized the need for justice and peace. Throughout the book are prophecies about Jesus as the Messiah; He will be Israel’s King and ruler acting with mercy toward them. Micah emphasizes God’s hatred of * Unkindness * Idolatry * Injustice * Empty ritual * Micah wrote to warn of God’s judgment and to offer God’s mercy for those who would repent * Key Verse: 6:8 “He has showed you, O man, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God. * Compelling words and beautiful concepts, but it is more than that: * The prophet, inspired by God, poses a rhetorical question: * A figure of speech that is posed in the form of a question; the answer is either obvious or made immediately by the one posing the question * WHAT DOES THE LORD REQUIRE OF YOU? OF ME? * Act justly * Love mercy * Walk humbly with God What do these concepts, these principles, mean? Act justly (Seek justice) * The meaning of justice...
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...Individualism is usually discussed against some other term like communitarianism or collectivism. The extreme version of collectivism is "mass mind" or some other expression like that. The extreme of individualism is "sociopathy". Clearly, one wouldn't want to be the extreme of either of these things. Moral individualism is not absolutely good or bad. The moral individualist can stand up against a community's horrible moral standards for example. The sub-categories of utilitarian individualism and expressive individualism are also not necessarily good or bad. A utilitarian individualist may invent a cure for a disease to make a profit or to save a loved one -- good still comes from it. An expressive individualist may give to charity in order to gain a public reputation as a philanthropist. In the context of our own society, a lot of people are concerned with the effects of moral individualism, utilitarian individualism, and expressive individualism -- concerned that these orientations are being lived at the expense of community interests to a point at which they are harmful to collective life. Your task is to be familiar with these terms and have some sense of where you stand with respect to them. Your advocacy in one direction or other is not my primary concern -- I want you to know the terms and have an attitude with respect to them. Foundation of Ethical Conduct Order – patterned trajectories and relationships that have continuity in time. The importance...
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