...System Development Life Cycle This paper will begin with discussing the development of a custom application and the selection of proprietary systems. The system development life cycle has evolved over the years in response to changing scenarios and pattern shifts pertaining to the building or the inquiring of new software. The Life-Cycle has also gone through iterations of different names and a number of different steps (McMurtrey, 2013). The SDLC has been called one of the two dominant system development used today, along with prototyping (Piccoli, 2012). Many SDLC frameworks exist; however, most have four general stages which are planning and analysis, design, implementation, and support and evaluation (Wager & Lee, 2006). Each stage has tasks that need to be performed. The main focus of planning and analysis is the healthcare organizations strategy. Problems are identified and selected as opportunities for business improvement. Within this stage, the organization will determine whether a new system is needed and is the business financially able to invest in the development of this new system. If the business determines that the system is needed, it will need to determine the users of the system need and requirements. The business should get a system that will specifically help meet the goals of the company. The second stage is the design stage where the business considers all options ( (Wager, 2009). In this stage, alternative solutions to different problems are...
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...System Development Life Cycles (SDLC) * * * * * Tutorial 3 in a series of 6 - Overview of Software Engineering Principles 3 The system development life cycle (SDLC) follows a project through from the initial idea to the point where it is a functional system. It is a core part of the methodology that is used when defining a project. Life cycles fall into a number of different categories, iterative being the most common but they also include waterfall, spiral and chaos models. Common methodologies include Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) and Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF). Each step in a systems lifecycle can be broken down into many smaller sub-steps or processes. Each stage follows logically after the previous, but it is an oversimplification to say that one stage is a distinct step after another. It is important to understand that the system lifecycle is iterative as well as the stages involved along the way. Different methodologies will have different variations of this lifecycle model. A common iterative lifecycle is show in the diagram below and each stage is described after the diagram. Initial Idea All projects must start with an initial idea. Usually this consists of a brief definition on what is the project all about, what is its purpose and what the project aims to accomplish. How will the success of the project be measured? Feasibility Study Expanding on the Initial Idea, the Feasibility Study involves...
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...process canIntroduction: A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. Synonyms include software life cycle and software process. There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. Software Development Life Cycle The Software Development Life Cycle is a step-by-step process involved in the development of a software product. It is also denoted as Software Development process in certain parts of the world. The whole process is generally classified into a set of steps and a specific operation will be carried out in each of the steps. Classification The basic classification of the whole process is as follows • Planning • Analysis • Design • Development and Implementation • Testing • Deployment • Maintenance Each of the steps of the process has its own importance and plays a significant part in the product development. The description of each of the steps can give a better understanding. Planning This is the first and foremost stage in the development and one of the most important stages. The basic motive is to plan the total project and to estimate the merits and demerits of the project. The Planning phase includes the definition of the intended system, development of the project plan, and Parallel management of the plan throughout the proceedings of the development. A good and matured plan can create...
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...ERP Life Cycle Abstract This paper explores ERP life cycle. The main focus of the paper is on fourteen stages of life cycle of ERP System. The analysis includes describing of features of introduction, a preliminary stage, description of business processes, team for introduction, choice of platform, structure of ERP System, choice of the performer and budget, technical task, development of design decisions, integration, training of users, testing of ERP System, trial operation and economic effect of introduction. Critical analysis of all these aspects displays complexity of ERP system and its importance for the enterprise. Its result will depend on many factors, which influence the process significantly. Nobody would deny the fact that life cycle of ERP System is rather long and includes many interrelated stages. Keywords: ERP system, life cycle, introduction, a preliminary stage, technical task, integration, testing ERP Life Cycle Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP System) is the corporate information system intended for automation of account and management. As a rule, ERP-systems are created according to the modular principle and cover all key processes of the company activity. It is possible to consider nodular writing of monks as the predecessor of modern ERP systems. Double record was used for transfer economic and statistical data. Historically the concept of ERP developed simpler concepts such as Material...
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...The database development Process Vamsinadh Machavarapu IST 7000 Wilmington University Table Of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................3 SDLC Phases.........................................................................................3 • Requirements Analysis...................................................................4 • Database Design.............................................................................4 • Evaluation and Selection................................................................5 • Logical Database design................................................................5 • Physical Database design...............................................................6 • Implementation..............................................................................6 • Data Loading.................................................................................7 • Testing and Performance Tuning...................................................7 • Operation.......................................................................................7 • Maintenance...................................................................................8 Conclusion.............................................................................................8 References.......................................................................................
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...INTRODUCTION Life cycle costing is an alternative approach to cost management which accumulates and manages cost over a product’s lie cycle (Adamany & Gonsalves, 1994; Artto, 1994; Susman, 1989). There are two important aspects to life cycle costing which is the focus on the product cost and the inclusion of upstream and downstream costs. Upstream cost is incurred when company prepares to start its production process. These upstream costs can range from raw materials to research and development to product design. Upstream costs can have a significant impact on the efficiency and profitability of the production process. If raw materials are too expensive or if the design of a new product takes too long, the upstream costs can limit a company's potential profits before a single unit becomes available for sale. While downstream cost is incurred after a company has completed its production process, it must still get that product to its customers. The process involved in delivering those products to the customers is the source of the company's downstream costs. These downstream costs can range from distribution expenses to marketing plans to sales channels. Downstream costs also act as a determining factor in the company's profitability. If distribution costs are too high or sales efforts are ineffective, the downstream costs will eat away at expected revenues. The product life cycle is most frequently understood to mean the life cycle of a particular product on the market...
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...Enterprise Systems Development: Impact of Various Software Development Methodologies By NAVEEN KARKONDA Id#110-00-4907 Abstract: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus in the software development life cycle of any project. Each evolutionary shift introduced new ways of thinking and viewing problems as well as introducing strengths and weaknesses in software development. However, identifying one stop solution in terms of a software development methodology for enterprise wide application development whose various sub-components or sub-stages can be best used to describe a software development scenario is still an evolving domain. This, coupled with the reality that computer science and its allied areas like information systems and information technology domains are moving forward rapidly with regards to available technologies, making it extremely difficult task for practitioners to maintain pace with the available information technologies and their application in various domains. It is to address these scenarios and probabilities that this research paper examines various software development methodologies or process models and their impact on the overall software development life cycle. 1. Introduction: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus during the software development life cycle of any project. Over the past 40 years, there have been significant paradigm shifts in software development, such as...
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...COLLEGE DEPARTMENT CHAPTER III SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT This chapter discusses the feasibility study of the proposed system and the software methodology used in developing the system. This chapter also discusses the GUI (Graphical User Interface), Data Dictionary and the HIPO that identifies the processing step to produce an output. 3.2 Project Design This section discusses the applicant’s proposed system, the programming language to be utilize, the graphical user interface and program functions and data dictionary. 3.2.1 System Introduction The Inquiry System is a system software application that will help the Registrar’s Office of Dualtech Center to manage the records of the applicants and the students easily. 18 DON BOSCO COLLEGE CANLUBANG COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 3.2.2 Fabrication or Development Procedure Fig. 3.0 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 19 DON BOSCO COLLEGE CANLUBANG COLLEGE DEPARTMENT System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) modified with feedback at every stage. This model is using an embedded real time system projects. The proponents followed the interrelated steps of the System Development Life Cycle. In System Planning phase, it describes what is being built and why it is being built. In System Analysis phase, it defines users needs, understands the problem, and establishing functional requirements. In System Design phase, defines users’ needs and transforms to detailed/final systems specifications. Plans and designs the...
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...reliable software systems that exhibit several features. Such features include; affordability, completeness, scalability, portability, integration, and dependability. The interpretation is that such systems must satisfy all user requirements as defined by the users. Such characteristics are important in meeting the organization’s objectives. The result of software engineering, therefore, is an efficient and reliable software system. The precise definition of functional and non-functional requirements forms one of the main sections in the software development lifecycle that presents a challenge to developers. Definition of such requirements is essential for meeting both business and system performance objectives. Software requirements detail the main functions that the system must aim to fulfill. They represent the user’s expectations of the real-world system features (Mishra and Mohanty, 2012). Usability is the main feature of any software system under development that demonstrates the system as understandable and usable to the users under specified conditions. Challenges encountered in the different phases of the software development cycle, if not properly managed, may lead to poor usability in software systems a feature that significantly contributes to software failure. Types of Requirements in Software development Requirements form the basic functionalities that any system under development must satisfy in order for it to be a success. The two main types of requirements...
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...Checkpoint – Systems Development Life Cycle Richard Adams XBIS/219 June 10, 2011 Dr. Shawn Rieder Week Six Checkpoint – Systems Development Life Cycle The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a traditional systems development method that many organizations use for large-scale IT Projects (Rainer & Turban, 2009). The SDLC has a defined structure made up of sequential processes consisting of well-defined tasks. The stages outlined in sequential order that make up the SDLC process are systems investigation, systems analysis, systems design, programming, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance. Other models exist with the same flow similar to the SDLC structure, but contain either fewer or more steps. Systems investigation is the first stage of the SDLC process with the main task consisting of the feasibility study. According to Rainer and Turban (2009), the feasibility study allows an organization to decide if it should continue using an existing system unchanged, modify or enhance the existing system, or develop a new system. A good example of a system that an organization would conduct a feasibility study on would be an existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system (Batada & Rahman, 2011). Once complete, an organization must make a “Go-No-Go” decision and proceed from there. Systems design and systems analysis are the next sequential steps in the SDLC process (Rainer & Turban, 2009). The systems analysis stage defines the...
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...put in place. There is a need to follow the system development life cycle (SDLS) for it to be successful and have transformational effect on the company’s operation (Klein, S. 2007). If there is redundancy in the site of the company, some measures should be carried out to ensure that it functions well to serve the company’s information needs. There should be a back-up site available as a failover in case the main site goes down. There is also a need for the site to be redesigned to allow customers to order products online. The system development life cycle (SDLS) is involves seven phases or steps that are followed in developing an information system from conception up to disposition. The following is the seven-step phase of developing an information system by a software engineer: 1. Conceptual Planning 2. Planning and Requirements Definition 3. System design 4. Development and Testing 5. Implementation phase 6. Operations and Maintenance phase 7. Operations and Maintenance phase Conceptual Planning This is the first phase in the system development life cycle. In this phase the information system conceptual framework is constructed. This will include the evaluation and assessment of the system to be developed to determine the cost and risks associated with the system. The managers will also assess the benefits and the opportunities that will be associated with the system. In this first stage of the system development cycle, there will be also the division and designation...
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...Context Learning Objectives o Describe the systems view of project management and how it applies to IT projects. o Understand organizations, including the four frames, organizational structures, and organizational culture. o Explain why stakeholder management and top management commitment are critical for a project’s success. Learning Objectives (Cont.) o Understand the concept of a project phase and the project life cycle and distinguish between project development and product development. o Discuss the unique attributes and diverse nature of IT projects. Projects cannot be Run in Isolation o Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment. o Project managers need to use systems thinking: n Taking a holistic view of a project and understanding how it relates to the larger organization. o Senior managers must make sure projects continue to support current business needs. A Systems View of Project Management o The term systems approach emerged in the 1950s to describe a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems. o Three parts include: n Systems philosophy: an overall model for thinking about things as systems, which are interacting components that work within an environment to fulfill some purpose. n Systems analysis: Problem-solving approach. n Systems management: Address business, technological, and organizational issues before making changes to systems. Three Sphere Model for Systems Management Understand Organizations ...
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...Product Life Cycle Stages Explained The product life cycle has 4 very clearly defined stages, each with its own characteristics that mean different things for business that are trying to manage the life cycle of their particular products. Introduction Stage – This stage of the cycle could be the most expensive for a company launching a new product. The size of the market for the product is small, which means sales are low, although they will be increasing. On the other hand, the cost of things like research and development, consumer testing, and the marketing needed to launch the product can be very high, especially if it’s a competitive sector. Growth Stage – The growth stage is typically characterized by a strong growth in sales and profits, and because the company can start to benefit from economies of scale in production, the profit margins, as well as the overall amount of profit, will increase. This makes it possible for businesses to invest more money in the promotional activity to maximize the potential of this growth stage. Maturity Stage – During the maturity stage, the product is established and the aim for the manufacturer is now to maintain the market share they have built up. This is probably the most competitive time for most products and businesses need to invest wisely in any marketing they undertake. They also need to consider any product modifications or improvements to the production process which might give them a competitive advantage. Decline Stage – Eventually...
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...The life cycle of a relational database is the cycle of development and changes that a relational database goes through during the course of its life. The cycle typically consists of several stages. There is a possibility that the database designer/developer can go back to any of the previous stages. This represents an admission that a full understanding of a problem, and its solution is likely to evolve as the various stages of design and implementation proceed. The typical eleven stages involved in the life cycle of a relational database are as follows: Process[edit] The designer must try to obtain as complete as possible an understanding of the real world problem that is going to be helped by the introduction of a database. This understanding of the nature of the problem and the constraints and outline feasible solutions is often performed using some systems analysis methodology. The entity relationship diagram is drawn, and this diagram in its modified form serves as an essential part of the logical schema. Attributes of the entity types so produced are then added. Primary and foreign keys are specified. Normalization is used to check the entity-relationship model. Some splitting and even recombination of entity types may result from normalization and the entity relationship model will have to be updated accordingly. The entity relationship model and the table definitions resulting from normalization should be consistent. Set of Table(s) definition for the required...
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...frequently colonial powers, as a result of interaction and ‘development’. As the more powerful country exploits the resources of its weaker colony, the colony becomes dependent upon the stronger power. Goods fl ow from the colony to support consumers in the overseas country. Andre Frank (1971) described the effect of capitalist development on many countries as ‘the development of underdevelopment’. The problem of poor countries is not that they lack the resources, technical know-how, modern institutions or cultural developments that lead to development, but that they are being exploited by capitalist countries. Dependency theory has a very different approach from most models of development. • It incorporates politics and economics in its explanation. • It takes into account the historical processes of how underdevelopment came about, that is how capitalist development began in one part of the world and then expanded into other areas. • It sees development as a revolutionary break, a clash of interests between ruling classes and the working classes. • It believes that modernisation does not necessarily mean Westernisation and that underdeveloped countries must set goals of their own, which are appropriate to their own resources, needs and values. However, it is a largely economic theory (from a Western perspective) seeing the outcome as a form of economic determinism. World systems theory World systems analysis is identified with Immanuel Wallerstein (1974)...
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