...Examining Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument Build your mindmap. Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Overgeneralization Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service –“Do you want fries with that?”: irrational appeal Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: overgeneralization Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: either/ or thinking Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: logically sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): double standard Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): irrational appeal Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Irrational Appeal Assessment Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write out the two...
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...wary of participating in potentially life saving medical studies. A recent study in the American Journal of Law and Medicine estimated that only 1 percent of the nearly 20 million Americans enrolled in biomedical studies are black. This reluctance, though justified, has meant that blacks often miss out on the latest treatments and breakthroughs.” – Amara Rivera Given the History of Medical Apartheid in the U.S., African-Americans have tended to be iatrophobic. Should African-Americans continue to participate in medical research and trust their doctors today? Would Harriet Washington and Tim Wise be in support of your argument? QUESTION 2: Ebola Watch this Press TV video: The Debate: Ebola Man-made (pt1) (11 mins) Based on his arguments, is Dr. Short a conspiracy theorist? Comment on the validity of Dr. Short’s arguments and examples given the arguments provided by Washington in Medical Apartheid in the Epilogue of the book and in the rest of the text. Use the relevant examples and ideas Washington uses to draw connections between medical apartheid practiced on Blacks in the U.S and Blacks in Africa from her book. QUESTION 3: Scientific Racism and Eugenics The "science" of eugenics proposed that human perfection could be developed through selective breeding and sterilization. It claimed to improve the genetic features of human populations based on the idea that it is possible to distinguish between superior and inferior elements of society. How has the eugenics movement...
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...Outcome 3 is creating a complex argument that creates a claim for you paper. That claim needs to have stakes. Stakes are basically risks you paper takes in arguing your point. The argument should persuade the reader your way. The claim is essentially what gives your paper direction. It is the main point you are trying to make. The claim is like the heart in the body, without it you can’t survive. It pumps blood through the whole body just like the claim gives direction to every paragraph. This is important because you need to be able to create an argument which sets the basis for your entire paper. It is what gives the paper direction. One basically needs this skill when writing any paper. It can be used in almost every class you have to...
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...Proposal: What is your main argument or working thesis? My main argument in my midterm paper will be that it is important to know why your nursing major that you have chosen is worthwhile before committing yourself to it and all that it contains. While having to be intelligent, patient, and driven, nurses must also have a compassionate heart and strong work ethic. I will have three supporting ideas for my argument. _______ Why is this an important topic? What does it mean to you? Not too long ago, I was just another student at Lee County High School where labels, cliques, and social statuses meant everything. When I think back to that, I cannot help but fall on my personal life philosophy that leadership is everything- leadership is service. Nursing is so important to me because I think nurses can and should be tomorrow’s leaders in healthcare. So let me backtrack and clarify my personal life philosophy by saying it is all about giving back. It is me taking the knowledge, experience, and skills that were rightfully gained and applying them to helping others, to lead, to teach, and to inspire. My future nursing career is not about how much money I make or about who works “under” me, it is about serving others and putting people before you regardless of status, cliques, and labels. Nursing means the world to me. \What are some strategies and ideas you plan to use to argue your topic? I plan to show that nursing offers stable careers which change lives...
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...whether the company’s decision was ethical when Starbucks fired employees for supporting unions and applied the four-component model of ethical decision making to this case. Discourse community is an essential factor when composing a paper. According to “Students Writing Handbook”, discourse community is a unique communication tool which people use to communicate with their readers within their fields (30). Since the paper was written for a required upper division major core course, the discourse community is all business majors. The genre was a general business paper with three sections: case summary, ethical analysis, and recommendations. We are college students are trained to become more professional in our careers. As a result, my group paper’s intended audiences were only Professor Thomas Shirley and classmates. My purpose of the paper was to convince my readers that Starbucks company was unethical when it fired employees for supporting unions and applied four-component model of ethical decision making to support my argument. Through the paper, I wanted people within this community to have broader perspectives after reading my point of view in response to the case. People may even...
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...The first argument I found was: Americans unwittingly cooperated with the terrorists in achieving a major goal: spreading fear and thus disrupting lives. In other words, we could have reacted more rationally and as a result produced less disruption in the lives of our citizens. In this argument the premise does support the conclusion. The premise is how we reacted to the situation when our world was attacked. If you think about the flip side of this coin. When people do bad things they want attention. The terrorists were wanting attention and doing horrible things to get the attention they wanted. So when you look at the whole picture the conclusion is explaining why this person feels us as Americans could’ve acted differently when it came to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. We will never know now and hopefully this tradgedy will never happen again to prove the theory. However, saying in the conclusion in support of his argument if we would’ve acted without such a uproar and handled this tragedy like we do every other one. Then possibly it wouldn’t of gotten so out of control. This argument is a good example of inductive logic. It supports the strong argument and the conclusion. The premises in the argument are plausibly true. The argument is supportive however, shows why they believe the terrosist achieved what they were looking for., • o Do the premises sufficiently support the conclusions? o Are the arguments either deductively valid or inductively strong...
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...Victims” [a headline in a newspaper]. There are three kinds of ambiguity: (1) semantic, example: “I am a huge Mustang fan.” (2) syntactic, example: “The two suspects fled the scene before the officer arrived in a white Ford.” (3) grouping, example: “College professors make millions of dollars a year.” A statement is vague when it lacks sufficient precision to convey the information appropriate for its use(s). Vagueness is a matter of degree. Examples: (1) Jim is not feeling well. (2) Jim has flu-like symptoms. (3) Jim has an upset stomach and a fever. (4) Jim is nauseated and has a fever of more than 103. In order to think critically, one must think clearly. Some definitions can enable clearer thinking. There are major three kinds of definitions: (1) definition by synonym, example: “‘Decaffeinated’ means without caffeine.” (2) definition by example, example: “The Cheyenne perfectly illustrate the sort of Native Americans that are plains Indians.” (3) analytical, example: “A nurse is a trained health-care professional [put into a class] who take care of patients/clients [differentiate from other members of the class].” Rhetorical definitions are not...
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...century. Cicero laid out these five major rules of rhetoric, dividing skillful argumentation into more digestible parts. The first step of rhetoric is called Invention. It refers to the nascent stages of an argument, where you discover the pressing nature of your argument for your particular audience. You’ll need to have an understanding of your audience's desires and needs, as well as how to best appeal to them. When appealing to your audience, think about a balance of logos, ethos, and pathos. These three modes of persuasion will be used to convince your audience to believe in your argument. Each will provide a different reaction from a crowd, and you must change your approach to adapt to the needs of your audience. b. Assemble your argument with Arrangement. The order that your audience hears your argument has a massive effect on how they'll perceive your speech. You've most likely come across the five-paragraph essay in your studies. While this format isn't appropriate for all speeches, the basic layout is based on Greek and Roman argumentative structures. The five steps are as follows: Introduction. Express your message and why it's important to your audience, as well as yourself. Statement of fact. Break down the general thesis of your argument into smaller parts. This is where you name reasons why the current issue exists. Confirmation, or proof. Craft your main argument here, as well as reasons why your argument is a successful one. Refutation. ...
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...psychological egoism, how arguments can be justifiably presented and why this theory is commonly appealing to philosophers. Often supporters of psychological egoism will present arguments through theories such as Darwinism and Desire Satisfaction. This essay essentially aims to critically assess the substantiality of these arguments. In order to correctly assess the arguments in favour of psychological egoism, firstly it must be stated what is implied by these arguments. Psychological egoism has many differences to other egoist theories such as ethical egoism, which state we should be selfish. Psychological egoism however states that all human actions are uncontrollably selfish, and that this is part of our human nature. It should be noted before continuing that this essay will be assessing this more radical form of psychological egoism , which identifies that ‘selfishness is’ the only way one can possibly performs actions, disregarding any consideration of others unless this aids their selfish action in some way. Psychological egoism can seem plausible to its supporters for a variety of reasons. Some of the most common include the concept that desires are entirely our own and therefore pursuing any desire or action is selfish, which supports the idea that we pursue desires for our own satisfaction. A state of self- deception of our motives is also recognized as a major appeal of egoism. Finally the concept of morality is also used within psychological egoism arguments, maintaining that...
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...Paper 1: Argument Paper There are too many lawyers William E. Foster wrote this article entitled “There are Not Too Many lawyers.” It is an interesting piece, sharing a lot of information. The author pointed to all the benefits that can arise from being an attorney, while underlying several other important factors. He also tried to bring up few points to reinforce his statement. He argued that attorneys have deep working knowledge of the legal system, are skilled specialists and bring a noble value to society. The author focused solely on the abilities of attorneys in general without considering any counterclaim facts. Essential mistakes were made throughout his argument, such as poor formation of paragraphs, use of fallacies, lack of credible sources, absence of counterclaims and conclusion. Although the author may have presented crucial information, after a thorough analysis of the entire argument, the bad points prevailed over the good ones; hence, this argument is weak. A strong argument requires a good structure such as: a clear thesis statement, supporting facts, credible sources, counterclaims, coherence in paragraphs, a good structure, excellent grammar, good use of punctuation, clear introduction, body and conclusion, etc… The writer hardly satisfied any of these attributes. First, he included a thesis statement: “Although of the criticism of the present legal education environment are valid, I disagree that law schools are graduating too many JD’s.” (Paragraph...
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...Essay Topics for CPHL 550 – Knowledge, Truth and Belief “Plan your work, work your plan”. – Vince Lombardi General Instructions Make sure to consult the Basic Style Guidelines Document and the Tips for Writing an Effective CPHL550 Essay Document in order to confirm the details for each assignment (both the minor and the major essay) especially with respect to the minimal length requirement. The Course Statement on Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct is also required reading “before” starting any assignment in this course. Since there is no final exam in this course, your essay assignments need to be treated with the same (if not more) attention and effort that you would give to an in-class midterm or final exam. It takes research,planning, contemplation and above all an adequate amount of time in order to make sure that you have the opportunity to fully engage in these activities before the writing process itself begins. Please bear in mind that your essay marks combined represent almost half of your total course mark, my advice (in advance) is for all students to proportion their effort accordingly in this regard. Make sure that you begin by consulting (or reviewing if we already covered the material previously) the relevant module (both the lecture and readings) before writing on a particular topic. You may consult other readings on the issue (preferably academic journal articles, or scholarly works) but keep your noncourse sources to a minimum (see the basic...
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...that perhaps the level of analysis required may be greater and more reliance on primary sources (e.g. precedent cases and legislation) and secondary sources (textbooks, articles) may be required. But the basic fundamentals are still the same: a well-structured piece of work that leads the reader through a discussion of a particular problem or issue. There should be an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Inevitably, either you will be required to put up arguments for hypothetical parties dealing with a hypothetical business problem or you may be asked for your view about a particular legal issue. It is essential that you base your arguments and views on legal principles and cases and thus reliance on what others have written is necessary. This guide attempts to provide you with some assistance in writing and referencing law academic papers. Some basic resource materials are also noted. [NB: This guide is a starting point only.] There are two types of Law Academic Papers Students who take the Business Law Major will inevitably be expected, at some stage, to answer at least two different styles of legal questions: legal case studies and essays. Legal case studies These are questions based on a set of hypothetical facts. The purpose of legal case study questions is both to engage you in problem solving and to consider the issues relevant to risk management. In particular, case studies test your ability to complete an IRAC analysis of the question. This analysis...
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...Analysis In the book Is Jesus the Only Savior?, author Ronald Nash does an excellent job in presenting his arguments in a comprehensive, thorough method. In the preface, he does well to address the important clarification of terms needed when discussing whether or not Jesus is the only savior. It is essential to understand these terms—exclusivism, pluralism, and inclusivism—when diving into the various beliefs and interpretations concerning Christ and His claim that, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me,” (John 14:6). While the intention of the book is to address such beliefs and interpretations, it is important to establish early in the text, as he does, what the different beliefs are and to define them in a very basic form. In the first chapter, Nash lays the foundation for the rest of his book—exclusivism. Similar to the importance of defining all three of the different general views in the preface, it is incredibly important for him to establish a baseline of good theology, initially, in order to effectively discuss and argue the views of pluralism and inclusivism. This is certainly one of the greatest strengths of the book as a whole. Nash lays out the main purpose of the book on page 25, stating, “The major question I will seek to answer in the rest of this book is whether pluralists or inclusivists have produced arguments strong enough to justify the repudiation of exclusivism, which is the position of historic Christianity...
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...Critically Evaluate Locke’s Argument against Innate Ideas In the enquiry, Locke talks of the notion of innate ideas as being ‘an established opinion amongst some men,’ this opinion can be seen as a direct conflict with Locke’s empiricism. Locke’s philosophical standpoint is that the mind gains ideas and concepts solely through experience; he argues that when we are born, we are born tabula rasa, a blank slate free from any knowledge or understanding and it is as we grow and experience the world around us that we form knowledge. The notion of innate ideas and principles then is clearly in complete contrast with Locke’s epistemology and as such Locke needs to show the arguments in favour of innate ideas to be flawed. I will show how Locke focuses his attack on one major assertion for the innate concept thesis, known as the great argument; how his two major problems with this argument are unfounded and how we can hold onto the concept of innate ideas in light of Locke’s criticisms. The great argument which Locke views as the main argument in favour of innate ideas goes as such: 1: If a principle is universally accepted then it is innate (as are the ideas which make it up) 1 2: There are some principles which are universally accepted 3: These principles (and the ideas which make them up) are innate This argument can be seen as fairly self-explanatory, but it does seem to rely completely on two major assumptions. Firstly, that all universally accepted principles must be innate...
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...Logical Fallacies Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim. Avoid these common fallacies in your own arguments and watch for them in the arguments of others. • o Slippery Slope: This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B, C,..., X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. Example:If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers. In this example, the author is equating banning Hummers with banning all cars, which is not the same thing. o Hasty Generalization: This is a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. Example: Even though it's only the first day, I can tell this is going to be a boring course. In this example, the author is basing his evaluation of the entire course on only the first day, which is notoriously boring and full of housekeeping tasks for most courses. To make a fair and reasonable evaluation the author must attend not one but several classes, and possibly even examine the textbook, talk to the professor, or talk...
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