...edition * Writing Research Papers By James Lester, 11th edition Course Description Most careers require some level of public speaking ability, whether it involves making a proposal to your group or management at work, making a sales presentation, teaching people how to use a product or system, or making a presentation to your employees as a manager. Sometimes we face other public speaking situations; including teaching young people how to do something, making our opinion known at a public meeting, or commemorating special events. Course Objective: The aim of this course is to help students become a more effective and responsible speaker and listener. It will encourage them to communicate more openly in different settings (speeches, group discussion, interviews, etc.). This course will also enhance effective public speaking skills, and research methodology techniques. Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to: * differentiate between the basic forms of speeches: informative and persuasive. * become articulate in speech making * increase your confidence in your public speaking ability. * learn principles of effective public speaking. * demonstrate effective aspects of speech preparation. * apply public speaking skills to a variety of speech contexts. * apply effective research methodology skills, such as research a topic, organize information, write appropriate introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusions...
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...information from this week’s readings. Respond to each question in 100 to 200 words. 1. Briefly explain the seven elements of the speech communication process. How do these elements determine a speech’s success or failure? Speaker- The person who is presenting an oral message to the listener. Message- What a speaker communicates to someone else. Channel- The means in which a message is communicated. Listener- The person who receives the speaker’s message Feedback- The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. Interference- Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners. Situation-The time and place in which speech communication occurs. These elements of the speech communication process can determine a speech’s success by: • Personal credibility • Knowledge of the subject • Preparation of the speech • Manner of speaking • Sensitivity to the audience and the occasion • Enthusiasm By combining all these elements together and successfully delivering an accurate speech, in which, your audience is aware and interested; an individual cannot fail. 2. What is the difference between hearing and listening? What are some techniques you could employ to improve your listening skills? Listening is paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear, whereas, hearing is the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses...
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...Chapter 1: Introducing Public Speaking Four Characteristics of Public Speaking: 1. Public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience 2. Public speaking is audience centered 3. Public speaking emphasizes the spoken word 4. Public speaking is usually a prepared presentation What is the historical tradition of public speaking? As far back as the fifth century B.C.E., all adult male citizens in the Greek city-state of Athens had a right to speak out in the assembly and vote on proposals relating to civic matters. The ancient Greeks were the first people to think formally about rhetoric as well as a subject. Many of Aristotle’s ideas influence the study of public speaking even today. What are the main components of the transactional model of communication? How is this model different than the linear model? The linear model process involves several key elements. Specifically a person with an idea to express is the source, and the idea, that he or she conveys to the audience constitute the message. Sources communicate their messages to one or more receivers, who try to make sense of the messages by decoding. In the transactional model, the participants in a public speaking exchange seek to create a shared meaning – a common understanding with little confusion and few misinterpretations. How does critical thinking influence public speaking? When you engage in critical thinking, you carefully evaluate the evidence and...
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...Speech to Entertain: An Overview The primary purpose of a speech to entertain is to have the audience relax, smile and enjoy the occasion. The speech should have a central theme or a focus. A series of jokes will NOT work well for this type of speech. Good speeches to entertain typically mix humor with more serious morals, lessons learned, or experiences. In other words, they have a real point to make… they are not just silly, slapstick humor. You can tell a lighthearted, personal story that reveals a life lesson you’ve learned or examine a familiar subject from a different and unexpected viewpoint or take a lighthearted look at a particular issue. Example: Summer jobs: “Summer jobs for high schoolers: The daily diary of the American Nightmare.” Additional suggestions for the composition and delivery of after dinner speeches are as follows: 1. Carefully select an interesting, timely, and appropriate topic. Having something familiar in the talk that the audience can relate to will enhance listener interest. 2. Build your speech around a central theme, moral, or idea. 3. Support your main point or central theme with colorful stories, narrative and examples. 4. Be imaginative and creative when delivering your talk. Few speeches demand more imagination and creativity than the speech to entertain. 5. Be positive and good-natured when delivering your talk—irony and sarcasm are acceptable but not bitterness. 6. Be optimistic and modest when speaking and create...
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...Ceremonial Speech Manuscript I would to thank all the RAZZIE members for selecting my film as the worst in 2010. I didn’t think that making an eighth installment of the Police Academy series was a good idea, but the studio made me an offer that was hard to turn down (especially after my wife saw all those zeros). The studio started me off with a decent script, but every other day a different executive would visit the set and make a “suggestion” that isn’t really a suggestion, but rather since I am here I need to look important and pretend that I am earning my paycheck. Despite all my protesting, executives don’t like to be told no, even if they have never written, directed or produced a movie. They took what could have been a decent movie and turned it into a wild sequence of special effects and explosions. How bad did it go? Well here are a few quotes from some of the movie critics: * “Utterly preposterous, just when you thought the series might get revived.” * “Where to begin counting the misdemeanors of this miserable, soulless travesty?” * “Abysmal...a serious miscalculation.” * “Apparently, somebody thought it was time for a series reboot. Clearly, somebody was dead wrong.” * “Exciting and exhilarating, the series is coming back” (I pretty sure this was meant for a different movie). While the film was not a complete waste, I have to thank all the actors and actresses for not giving up half-way through the movie. Despite all the interference...
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...describes precisely what a speaker wants to accomplish. specific purpose-The precise effect that the speaker wants to have on an audience. Expressed in the form of a purpose statement. survey research-Information gathering in which the responses of a sample of a population are collected to disclose information about the larger group. thesis statement-A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech. Value-A deeply rooted belief about a concept's inherent worth. Chapter 11 Analogy-Extended comparison that can be used as supporting material in a speech. Anecdote-A brief personal story used to illustrate or support a point in a speech. basic speech structure-The division of a speech into introduction, body, and conclusion. cause-effect pattern-Organizing plan for a speech that demonstrates how one or more events result in another event or events. Citation-Brief statement of supporting material in a speech. climax patterns-Organizing plan for a speech that builds ideas to the point of maximum interest conclusion (of a speech)- The final structural unit of a speech, in which the main points are...
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...CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………3 CHAPTER 1. LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN OLD ENGLISH AND MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD……………………………………………………………..5 1.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTHARK……………………………………5 1.1.1 THE RUNIC ALPHABET AS AN OLD GERMANIC WRITING TRADITION……………………………………………………………………6 1.1.2 OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF ANGLO-SAXON ETHNIC EXTENSION…………………………………………………………7 1.2 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH………………..11 1.2.1 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST……………………………………………….……….11 1.2.2 DIALECTAL DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD.…...13 1.3 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH CORPUS……………………………………….15 1.3.1 GEOFFREY CHAUCER AND HIS LENDING SUPPORT OF THE LONDON STANDARD’S DIFFUSION……………………………………….17 1.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE………………………………………………….…….19 1.3.3 PRINCIPAL MIDDLE ENGLISH WRITTEN RECORDS AS A REFLECTION OF ONGOING CHANGES IN STANDARDIZATION………25 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….…………....28 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….30 APPENDIX 1……………………………………………………………………33 INTODUCTION linguistic history english language The English language has had a remarkable history. When we first catch it in historical records, it is a language of none-too-civilized tribes on the continent of Europe along the North Sea. From those murky and undistinguished beginnings, English has become the most widespread language in the world, used by more peoples for more purposes than any language on...
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...especially after the coming of Germanic Indo-Europeans from the continent in A.D 449, as reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. England, then a province of the Roman Empire, was named Britannia after its Celtic-speaking inhabitants, the Britons. The Britons were actually Romanized Celts. They left their greatest linguistic legacy in place names, such as Avon, Dover, Thames, and probably London. [1] The Anglo-Saxon invaders brought with them their own tradition of oral poetry, but there is no evidence of literacy before their conversion to Christianity. There is only circumstantial evidence of what the poetry must have been like. Aside from a few short inscriptions on small artifacts, the earliest records in the English language are in manuscripts produced at monasteries and other religious establishments, beginning in the seventh century. Literacy was mainly restricted to servants of the church, and the bulk of Old English literature is religious with Latin origins. As literate culture developed, ethnic Germanic heroic poetry continued to be performed orally in alliterative verse and was at times used to describe current events. The oral culture thus had tremendous bearing on the form and structure of the literature of the epoch. The Battle of Brunaburh, which celebrates an English victory over the Danes in traditional alliterative verse, is...
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...Special Occasion Manuscript Do not let yourselves fall victim to the circumstances that you have been dealt in life. When I was four years old my mom and dad got a divorce. My mother, one of the most inspirational rocks in in my life took on the responsibility of raising me and three of my siblings. This was a pretty rough circumstance and I took it and ran with it, I fell victim to it. My mom tried to inspire us children, she didn’t only offer verbal inspiration, but she also let her actions speak for what she was trying to convey to us. She, herself went to LCC, on top of working multiple jobs. She tried to show, through her actions that we children didn’t have to be victims of our circumstances. I was just too young to grasp what she was trying to show me. At ten years old I began drinking alcohol, I tried marijuana for the first time at eleven years old, and I also had my stomach pumped due to alcohol poisoning that same year of age. I was accepting my circumstances. This behavior continued through my teens years, all the way until I was eighteen, and I didn’t walk with my high school class at graduation, because I fell victim to my circumstances and didn’t graduate. This hurt me very badly; it sent me into a deep well of self-pity, I took my circumstances and let them rule my life. After high-school I began painting houses for a living, I began a great friendship with my boss, the owner of the painting company I worked for. I painted houses for several years. I let him...
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...Fall Semester 2012 FIRST YEAR SEMINAR SECTION 311 Instructor | Dr. Miriam McMullen-Pastrick | Class Times & Locations | Class ScheduleCAS 100A Section 001 MWF 10:10-11:00AM 124 OBSCAS 100A Section 002 MWF 11:15-12:05PM 124 OBSCAS 100A Section 007 MWF 3:35-4:25PM 121 OBSCAS 101 Section 001 MWF 2:30-3:20PM 144 HML1st YR SMNR Section 311 T 4:00-4:50PM 41 Kochel | Office | 051 Kochel | Phone | 898-6302 | Voicemail | 898-6302 | Office HoursDr. Miriam | Monday, Wednesday 12:45 - 2:00 PM 051 KochelTuesday 2:45 - 3:45 PM 051 KochelAnd by appointment - - please ask!!! | Mr. Zachary Kachaylo | Tuesday 4:00 – 4:50 051 Kochel Wednesday 5:00 – 5:45 | Division Phone | 898-6108898-6151 | Copy & Multimedia Center | 898-6286 | Assignment Assistance Hotline | Sunday 8:30-9:30 PM898-6302 | I will check my voicemail every fifteen (15) minutes and return your call in the order it was received. If this does not occur, please, contact your mentor, give her/him your phone number and your mentor will contact me. Satisfies First Year Seminar Requirement 8/26/13 - 12/13/13 Text Required Gordon, Virginia N...
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...Entertaining Speech An entertaining speech is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire … it is to make the audience smile, relax, enjoy and maybe even laugh their heads off. How do you make a speech entertaining? There are many ways to entertain an audience. You can: * tell jokes * tell funny stories * dramatize an anecdote * tell a scary story When it comes right down to it … there are probably as many ways to entertain as there are entertainers … and audiences. That said, there are some guidelines to creating an entertaining speech. * Chose an appropriate topic: You don’t want the topic to be too dense, complicated or heavy. Remember, you’re not trying to give your audience a greater understanding of anything. You’re there to help them have a good time. * Enjoy yourself: Believe it or not, it is hard for an audience to enjoy your presentation if it looks like you are not enjoying presenting it! * Keep it simple: Your presentation should be easy to follow. Don’t make it hard for your audience to keep up with you mentally … or in any other way. * Make it visceral: Use vivid word pictures. This is not the type of presentation where you can be lazy in your descriptions. Make your words pop with strong images that pop in their minds. * Say it like a roller coaster, baby! Add unexpected twists and turns to your presentation...
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...Newsweek has just named you the author of one of the 100 greatest novels of all time. This is nothing new, just another accolade on your seemingly endless resume. Your name continually appears on lists alongside Faulkner, Chaucer, and Tolstoy. Time Magazine, the Library of Congress, and countless literary re views praise your work as one of the greatest literary achievements of all time. As you graciously accept yet another honor, it sickens you to wonder, "How did I get here?” The answer is simple, but unknown to anyone except you. To answer it, you must go back to the winter of 1925. As you walk along the frigid Manhattan sidewalks, you find a manuscript lying upon a table outside of a restaurant. You page through the document, reading about a woman named Daisy and a man named Gatsby. Not wanting to put the document down, you place the manuscript inside your jacket and continue to walk down the sidewalk. After a brief moral deliberation, you decide to publish the novel under your name. Later that year, a lawsuit is filed by an unpublished author named Fitzgerald. The litigation is dropped and nothing is ever heard from the plaintiff again. Fitzgerald forever fades from the public eye as your name becomes increasingly recognizable among high school and university students throughout the United States. Nearly a century later, you are still credited as the author of The Great Gatsby. While the aforementioned situation may seem impractical, similar ethical dilemmas continuously arise in...
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...Use a before consonant sounds and an before vowel sounds Shows the subject as the actor. (pages 73-74). Describes or limits a noun or pronoun. It answers “Which one? What kind? or How many?” Modifies or limits a verb, adjective or another adverb and answers “When? Where? Why? How much? How far? To what degree?” Conjunctive or Connective Adverb—transition words that often appears to connect clauses. Adverbs Antecedent Appositive Article Bibliography Noun, phrase or clause to which a pronoun refers or replaces. (pages 99100) Word, phrase or clause preceding or renaming a noun. Small set of words used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. A list of books, articles and other works used in preparing a manuscript or other written product. (See “The Mechanics of Research,” pages 345347.) Any punctuation symbol used to emphasize specific items. (See “Display Dot” Punctuation Guidelines, pages 289-290.) Forms that nouns and pronouns take when they fit into...
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...SPEECH MANUSCRIPT OF C/CPT AMADEUZ VINCENT JOHN R CELESTIAL FOR THE 2010 REGIONAL ROTC SPEECH CONTEST Theme: “ROTC: How can it help in peace and development effort?” Ladies and Gentlemen good afternoon. I am not here to brag about what our government, what any administration or what our Armed Forces has done, so far, to achieve peace and development in the country. I would not throw you any unnecessary info nor will I be presenting to you thorough analysis of data based on comprehensive research. But, instead, I’m simply gonna tell you how ROTC has changed my views and how these views, in my own personal opinion, can help in our search for an ultimate peace and a satisfactory socio-economic development status. The question at hand is “How can ROTC help in the peace and development efforts,” but, should we not be asking WHAT? What we, the youth, whether we be cadets or just ordinary students, can do to contribute to this national undertaking. From my learnings as a cadet... let me suggest three Steps: First BE AWARE. Second BELIEVE. And Third ACT. From here we can derive our roles as the future leaders of this nation. It might be a cliché, but let me say again that WE ARE THE HOPE OF THE MOTHERLAND. In our hands lies the future of our country. It is for this reason that institutions of higher learning were established (for us) in the belief that knowledge can save us all. But mere knowledge is never enough for a person to achieve his goals because his CHARACTER...
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...What Rotc Can Do to Help in the Peace and Development Efforts SPEECH MANUSCRIPT OF C/CPT AMADEUZ VINCENT JOHN R CELESTIAL FOR THE 2010 REGIONAL ROTC SPEECH CONTEST Theme: “ROTC: How can it help in peace and development effort?” Ladies and Gentlemen good afternoon. I am not here to brag about what our government, what any administration or what our Armed Forces has done, so far, to achieve peace and development in the country. I would not throw you any unnecessary info nor will I be presenting to you thorough analysis of data based on comprehensive research. But, instead, I’m simply gonna tell you how ROTC has changed my views and how these views, in my own personal opinion, can help in our search for an ultimate peace and a satisfactory socioeconomic development status. The question at hand is “How can ROTC help in the peace and development efforts,” but, should we not be asking WHAT? What we, the youth, whether we be cadets or just ordinary students, can do to contribute to this national undertaking. From my learning's as a cadet... let me suggest three Steps: First BE AWARE. Second BELIEVE. And Third ACT. From here we can derive our roles as the future leaders of this nation. It might be a cliche, but let me say again that WE ARE THE HOPE OF THE MOTHERLAND. In our hands lies the future of our country. It is for this reason that institutions of higher learning were established (for us) in the belief that knowledge can save us all. But mere knowledge is...
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