...Impact of ICTs on MDGs: Improve the Maternal Health Workgroup C|IE MiM – S2 Technology & Innovation Management Dr. Israr Qureshi Contents Introduction: 3 Maternal Health and ICT Usage in India 5 Maternal Health Initiatives with Mobile Components 5 Commonalities and Improvements of Current ICT Solutions 6 How to Leverage ICTs in Accomplishing the MDG 9 Proposed Feasible ICT-Based Solution 10 Conclusion 15 References 18 Introduction: Since the United Nations Millennium Declaration in September 2000, the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of improving maternal health has unfortunately not made the progress it set out to (The United Nations, 2015, a). Many information & communications technology (ICT) improvements towards this initiative have been made since 2000, however there is still a large amount of maternal mortality before, during, and after pregnancy around the world. The maternal health MDG was divided into 2 targets. The first target was to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75% between 1990 and 2015, however only 43% has been achieved so far (The United Nations, 2015:40-43). This maternal mortality statistic also reflects the eight million babies that die every year between the prenatal stage and the first week of life. Moreover, there is a large yearly amount of children left motherless that are statistically more prone to die during the first years after their mother has died (Unicef.org, 2015). The second target was to reach universal access...
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...REVIEW M. LUCK ABSTRACT Objective: To review the findings of safe motherhood intervention studies conducted in African settings. Data sources: Published literature regarding interventions designed to reduce maternal mortality in African settings. Study selection: Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the effects of interventions designed to reduce maternal mortality. Data extraction: Search of Medline database for the years 1988 to 1998 with additional manual search of references cited in Medline-referenced studies. Data synthesis: Few of the 34 intervention studies identified used a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design (4/34), or outcome measures directly related to maternal mortality or maternal health (7/34). Six of the studies produced reasonably convincing evidence of a positive effect on maternal health outcomes. Of these, three showed that changes in delivery practices brought about improved maternal outcomes, two found that a combined intervention consisting of upgrading of emergency obstetric services and community education increased the number of major obstetric complications treated, and one showed that a range of improvements in hospital equipment and management reduced facility-based maternal mortality ratios. No study sought to reduce maternal mortality associated with unsafe termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: More than a decade after the launching of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, there exists little evidence regarding which interventions...
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...disabling injuries (Such as Obstetric fistula). Maternal death and disability rates mirror the huge discrepancies that exist between the haves and the have-nots both within and between countries. Safe Motherhood begins before conception with proper nutrition and a healthy life style and continues with appropriate prenatal care, the prevention of complications when possible, and the early and effective treatment of complications. The ideal result is a pregnancy at term, without unnecessary interventions, the delivery of a healthy infant, and a healthy post partum period in a positive environment that supports the physical and emotional needs of the woman, infant and family. Working for the survival of mothers is a human rights imperative. It also has enormous socio-economic ramifications-and is a crucial international priority. Both the international conference on Population and Development and Millennium Development Goals call for a 75 percent reduction in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015. This three prolonged strategy is key to the accomplishment of the goal: -All women have access to contraception to avoid unintended pregnancies. -All pregnant women have access to skilled care at the time of birth. -All those with complications have timely access to quality emergency obstetric care. In countries such as China, Cuba, Egypt, Honduras, Jamaica, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Tunisia, significantly declines in maternal mortality have occurred as more women have...
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...PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION MS. S.SILBIA DEVI 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY NURSING YEAR 2007-2009 PADMASHREE COLLEGE OF NURSING GURUKRUPA LAYOUT, NAGARBHAVI, BANGALORE, 560072 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE, KARNATAKA PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION 1. | NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS | MS. S.SILBIA DEVIIst YEAR M.Sc. NURSINGPADMASHREE COLLEGE OF NURSINGGURUKRUPA LAYOUTNAGARABHABIBANGALORE-560072 | 2. | NAME OF THE INSTITUTE | Padmashree college of NursingBangalore. | 3. | COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT | I year M.Sc nursingObstetrics and Gynecology of Nursing | 4. | DATE OF ADMISSION | 20th April – 2007 | 5. | TITLE OF THE STUDY | A study to assess the Effectiveness Of Self Instructional Module on knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding postnatal care during the early postpartum period in selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore. | 6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK 6.1 INTRODUCTION The wealth of the nation is its healthy population. The mother contribution in creating a healthy population is beyond explanation, so mother should be kept physically, emotionally and socially healthy. The processes of pregnancy and birth challenge the woman’s psychological and physiologic coping mechanisms. It is during the puerperium period that the woman must return to the non pregnant state. The pueperium is a period...
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...| | |making it. | | |Problems may arise during or after birth that can threaten the life of both mother and child. The worst| | |result of this is maternal mortality. Mortality statistics paint a bleak picture about maternal and | | |child health globally. Each year, more than 500,000 women worldwide die from complications related to | | |pregnancy. Yet, most of these deaths that tend to occur among low and middle-income countries are | | |preventable. Unfortunately, cost-effective health care that could save the lives of millions of mothers| | |is not always available to those who need it most (Yin, 2006). | | |Even developed countries are not spared from this situation. The maternal mortality rate in...
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...Saving Women, Saving Babies A Joint GOB-UN Maternal and Neonatal Health Initiative Newsletter: Issue No. 03 August 2012 community. I am glad to learn that this year no mother died while giving birth in this village.” The clinic is one of 145 community clinics established in Moulvibazar district to provide proper healthcare to poor rural people, especially expecting mothers and children in the district. Ban visited expectant women at the clinic and planted a tree on its premises. Then he went to a nearby house where a group of mothers apprised the UNSG of the services that they are getting through the community clinics regarding safe delivery and safe motherhood. Joint Government of Bangladesh – United Nations (GOB-UN) Maternal & Neonatal Health Initiative attracts UN Secretary General (UNSG) UN Secretary General Mr. Ban Ki Moon praised government’s steps as he visited a village in Moulvibazar, where he comments that rural healthcare in Bangladesh is on the right track to meet the MDG targets of reducing mortality and morbidity of women and children. The UN chief flew to the village from Dhaka on a helicopter along with UNFPA Executive Director, Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin, Senior Secretary of Government of the Bangladesh Mr. Humayun Kabir, UNFPA Country Representative, Mr. Arthur Erken, and other high government officials, and dignitaries. He along with his wife came to Mobarakpur community clinic, while the Chief Whip of the National Parliament Mr. Abdus Shaheed M.P. received...
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...10 November 2015 Freedom of Choice: A Woman’s Right In 2011, approximately 1.06 million abortions took place in the United States. 85.5% of those abortions were performed on unmarried women. The reasons vary on why a women chooses abortion over birth. From having unprotected sex, failure of birth control and even rape are to name but a few. Either way, the birth of a child comes with lifelong responsibilities and affects both mother and child (Abort 73.com, 2009). Regardless of the reasons for choosing abortion, it comes down to having the freedom to choose what happens to our bodies. It is our bodies that will be subjected to the changes pregnancy brings as well as the risks. It is our finances that will support that child throughout its life. It is our maternal skills that will raise that child to be a caring, valuable member of society. Members of congress or pro-life advocates are not going to come to our homes and do these things for us so therefore, it has to be our choice to control whether we proceed with or terminate a pregnancy. If termination is our choice then we should have access to that option in a clean, safe environment. With over one million women choosing abortion over giving birth, lends to the supporting evidence in favor of right to choose arguments. Women should not be dictated to by laws of government or religious ideology in regards to their own bodies. They should retain control and be free to exercise their freedom of choice. Pregnancy can be a wonderful...
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...birthed, named, and killed Beloved. In other words, she lives by the time-honored parental credo: "I brought you into this world and I can take you out." Plus, the book does begin with her perspective. So what's Sethe's story, besides the whole baby-killer shtick? Seriously: How Could She Kill Her Baby? Okay, fine. We can't avoid the question. But let us rephrase: how could she not kill her baby? Don't get us wrong—we don't condone baby killing (duh). It's not even something we can joke about. It's just that if you were to rethink things from Sethe's perspective and what her situation was like (a fugitive slave running from abusive white people), you might change your tune. You might just get to the point where you seriously reevaluate what maternal love means and who gets to define the limits of maternal love. Is there a fate worse than death? To Sethe, that's not even the question to ask. The question to ask is what immediate danger is there? And, on that day in the shed, there was no way that she was going to subject her children to what she had gone through at Sweet Home. But don't just take it from us. Here's how she explains herself to Paul D: "It ain't my job to know what's worse. It's my job to know what is and to keep them away from what I know is terrible. I did that" (18.194). And Toni Morrison seems to side with Sethe: "It was absolutely the right thing to do […] but [Sethe] had no right to do it. I think if I had seen what she had seen, and...
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...CATHOLICS CAN SUPPORT THE RH BILL IN GOOD CONSCIENCE (Position paper on the Reproductive Health Bill by individual faculty* of the Ateneo de Manila University) (Note: The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other faculty. Neither do they represent the official position of the Ateneo de Manila University nor the Society of Jesus.) We, individual faculty of the Ateneo de Manila University, call for the immediate passage of House Bill 5043 on “Reproductive Health and Population Development” (hereafter RH Bill) in Congress. After examining it in the light of Philippine social realities, and informed by our Christian faith, we have reached the conclusion that our country urgently needs a comprehensive and integrated policy on reproductive health and population development, as provided by the RH Bill. We also believe that the provisions of the bill adhere to core principles of Catholic social teaching: the sanctity of human life, the dignity of the human person, the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, integral human development, human rights, and the primacy of conscience. Catholic social theology since Vatican II has evolved, on the one hand, from the emphasis on order, social cohesiveness, the acceptance of some inequality, and obedience to authorityto the recognition, on the other, of the centrality of the human person, and the concomitant need for human freedom, equality, and participation (Pacem...
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...Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of Bees revolves around fourteen-year-old Lily Owens, a determinedly stubborn, friendless, motherless girl living in South Carolina during the 1960’s. From the first chapter of the book, Lily’s character is significantly shaped by her mother’s absence, which is accounted to an accident occurring when Lily was only three, perhaps even at the fault of the young girl herself. In addition to affecting her personality, this traumatic experience drives her to seek maternal care and belonging as she runs away to Tiburon, South Carolina and the plot unfolds. Independence and determination make up large portions of Lily’s character. Growing up with only her emotionally detached and almost cruel father, whom she refers to as “T. Ray” in place of daddy, she was never allowed to take part in social endeavors and even resorted to sewing her own clothes and using...
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...Uganda Health Profile The country of Uganda also known as the Republic of Uganda gained its Independence from Britain in 1962. Since then there has been constant political, social, and economic struggle. A group known as the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) has caused a great deal of turmoil and forced several peoples to flee the country. There is still conflict to this day but the 35 million residents of this developing country are making efforts toward improving their country and their lives. The population growth rate is 3.32% with a birth rate of 44.5 per 1, 000 greatly exceeding the death rate of 11.26 per 1,000. An average citizens life expectancy is a low 53 years (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). These statistics are indicators that Uganda is currently in a stage of development. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are helping move this country to a healthier more developed state. The citizens of Uganda have been taking great strides to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and improve their country by 2015. The first Millennium Development Goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Uganda has made the greatest progresses in achieving this goal. From 1992 to 1999 the poverty head count fell from 56% to 35%. It has since fallen to 31% and nearing the goal of 25% or half by 2015. The second target of the first goal, achieving full and productive employment, has not made large improvement but from 2003-2005 there was a 3% increase in employed personas as...
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...RESEARCH PAPER ON DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH IN BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is a developing country with a population of 152,518,015 (approx.) Since our war of independence we have face numerous amount of health and nutrition issues in our country. Although Bangladesh has seen impressive progress in health and nutrition in the last few decades. Despite still low social indicators and continuing prevalence of poverty (40% of the population lives below the poverty line), the health sector in Bangladesh has shown impressive progress. We improved in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, increasing number of doctors, increasing number of hospitals and medical colleges. ICDDR’B etc. The government of Bangladesh has shown policy continuity and commitment to improving health conditions, placing particular emphasis on improving the health conditions of its citizens and targeting the poor, women and children. Where as many of the problems still remains unsolved. The ministry of health and family planning is responsible for the health service of the country should take necessary steps to solve those problems. Objective: The main objective of this whole research is to evaluate the health condition of Bangladesh. From 1971 to 2013 health condition of Bangladesh has radically changed. We are here to present that the number of health centers, hospitals, medicals colleges and other institutions related to health development of our country. We have also seen numerous amount of development...
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...The first eighteen months of life is filled with rapid changes for parents and infants across every aspect of human development. At the stage of infancy the influence of a positive attachment can enrich an infant’s behavioural development (Peterson 2010, pp.140-150). Erikson (1968 cited in Peterson 2010, p.51) theorises that to mould a positive attachment an infant must achieve a balance of the psychosocial stage of ‘trust versus mistrust’. The achievement of this stage combined with the infant’s environment, social arena, and how infants see themselves as individuals is dependent on a positive attachment. With an understanding of Erikson’s theory and knowledge of attachment principles a nurse can help parents achieve this stage of infancy. This essay will concentrate on how having an understanding of Erikson’s theory can help nurses when advising positive attachment strategies to parents. And also reflect on how parents can achieve a positive attachment with a nurse’s intervention. Erikson assembled eight stages of human development that ‘remain within the proper rate and proper sequence which govern the growth of personality’ (Erikson 1959, p. 52). In other words, a person cannot advance to the next stage of development without achieving a resolution of conflict with the one before. The first stage of ‘trust versus mistrust’ (Peterson 2010, p. 51) is between birth to eighteen months and is described as a time of potential ‘crisis’ for an infant (Erikson 1959, p, 50). During...
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...Everydayfeminism.com/2013/01/why-no-government-funding-for-abortions-actually-means-no-choice-for-low-income-women/ Why ‘No Government Funding for Abortion’ Actually Means No Choice For Low-Income Women Imagine this – you’re poor and pregnant. Maybe you’re unemployed, having been laid off from your previous job and struggling to pay rent. Maybe you already have three kids to take care of and you cannot afford a fourth. Or maybe you’re still in high school, know nothing about raising a child and don’t know where to turn for help. You know that you can’t afford this baby — you’ve weighed all possible options and the money just aren’t there. You’re barely making it as it as. And so you decide that the only responsible option is to get an abortion. Given how much you make, it seems expensive, but you also know that it will be much cheaper than raising another child. So you begin the planning process. You do some research to find out much an abortion costs in your state. You currently receive federal and state Medicaid so you wonder if your health insurance will cover abortions as well. And then you learn that it’s prohibited, due to the Hyde Amendment, a regulation that restricts all federal funding for funding in Medicaid except in cases of rape and incest. The Hyde Amendment is not a permanent law. It is a “rider” that, in various forms, has been routinely attached to annual appropriations bills since 1976 (just 3 years after Roe versus Wade). That means every year, it...
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...privation. By the age of 4, 24 of the children were adopted, 15 returned to their natural homes and the rest remained at the institution. At the ages of 8 and 16, the children who were adopted and those that returned home were interview including their families and friends. Hodges and Tizard found out that the adopted children generally had close attachments to their parents and good family relationships whereas the percentage of children with close attachment with their parent in the children that returned home was much less. However both groups of children were more likely to seek adult attention and approval than the controlled children, and both groups were less successful in peer relationships. This evidence does not support the maternal deprivation hypothesis as the two ex-institution groups (adopted and restored), differed within their family relationships. The children who returned home (restored) often returned to the same difficult circumstances that had precipitated the need for care in the first place, and to parents who may have felt ambivalent about them. In contrast, adopted children went to homes where...
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