...for only the black Africans. What this did was relocate black Africans to homeland areas where they were considered laborers for the white population. Even though the policy officially began in 1948, racial discrimination practices were already deeply rooted in South Africa. Dutch colonizers started creating regulations and laws that segregated blacks and whites. This was being done as early as 1788. These practices continued even after 1795 when the British occupation ended. This is what led to the assignment of the black Africans homelands. When the enactment of the apartheid policy in 1948, led by a Dr. D.F. Malan, who was “the” main mastermind of the apartheid, racial laws were put into place and touched every facet of social living, including the ban of marriages between inter-racial couples, and even going as far as to label some jobs for whites only. The Malan government also enacted the Population Registration Act. What this did was classify all South Africans by race. They were made to carry cards identifying their racial backgrounds. If apprehended without their cards, they were either fined or arrested. However, there were three very important campaigns that challenged the...
Words: 491 - Pages: 2
...Part Two: A Story About Money In this section of the article, Malan discusses his quest to follow the money. His quest started on the phone with Larry Richmond, the head of the Richmond Organization (TRO), but Malan needed to meet in person to gain the full insight of the story of Solomon Linda, so he flew from Johannesburg to New York City. In his initial meeting Malan gained some information but never got the full story. This lead Malan to investigate on his own. In the 1930s in Johannesburg, there were no formal music deal between artist and recording companies. The recording companies would bring in artists and paid the artist a price they though that their work was worth. The result of this was famous artists would be paid fairly per recording session, but unknown artist would basically make nothing. After this transaction the music was property of the record company with no royalties to the artist. In the case of Solomon Linda, even though “Mbube” became a local hit all the money went to the record company owner Eric Gallo leaving Solomon to work at his menial job for the rest of his life. With the increasing popularity of “Mbube” and the Weavers’ Hit “Wimoweh”, Gallo traded the right of “Mbube” to Howie...
Words: 573 - Pages: 3
...The conflict between commercialization and socio-cultural deterioration : “Gamperaliya”, “Kaliyugaya” and “Yuganthaya” by Martin Wickramasinghe The noble trilogy of the Sinhalese literature “Gamperaliya”, “Kaliyugaya” and “Yuganthaya” by Martin Wickramasinghe, is an eminent manifestation of a real time conflict, which divulges socio-economic transformations from 18th to 19th century, during contemporary Sri Lanka. Therefore it’s needless to say that these three legendary fictions, prima facie, visualize the sequential impacts of alienation of commercialization in to the conservative social system of Sri Lanka. I would say the trilogy is, much more of commercial substance rather than for its literal importance. Nevertheless for ages, there has been a question whether the writer in his books is, merely insisting commercialisation as a big disaster, which utterly destructed the spectacular socio cultural system inherited to Sri Lankans. Through, reading between the lines one could clearly say that, he was not at all assaulting commercialization, but the snobbish affectation of the society, sculptured through westernization, who took wrong the purpose of commercialization. (Sarathchandra,E. 1997) Therefore my discussion intend to stress, commercialization is not the key of destruction but the key of success for a nation’s development. My theory is built upon two facts that question the validity of the arguments of ancient critics like Piyadasa Sirisena, who plainly renege economic...
Words: 1675 - Pages: 7
...appealing Apartheid policy that Malan and the National Party stood for was the rallying point for the party to base all their arguments on. Equally, it is evident that other subsequent reasons such as the weaknesses of the United Party’s manifesto and previous existence in government – as well as the National Party’s effective ability to highlight this –were ultimately highly influential in giving rise to the victory of the National Party. As put by Dan O’Meara in his works from 1996, the election can be seen as “not won by the National Party, but lost by the government”. Following, are the reasons that stay true to the statement and also differing reasons which hold valuable placement on why the National Party victory occurred in 1948. Primarily, the National Party’s policy of Apartheid was so effective because it appealed to the electorate. The voting populace of South Africa came from a high majority of white Afrikaners - with the only “coloured” voters coming from the wealthy Black Cape Province - which made up 25% of the country’s population in total. Therefore, the policies of Apartheid which promised racial segregation and offered protection and comfort for the white workers who were beginning to feel their job security was in jeopardy after the war provided an attractive notion to vote for the National Party. Moreover, not only were these policies attractive to the white voters but they were also clear-cut and direct. For example, Malan stated exactly what tackling the...
Words: 497 - Pages: 2
...Week 1.1 (Monday) ENGLISH ORIGINAL TEXT УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ПЕРЕКЛАД DAVID J. MALAN: So this is CS50. And this was CS50's own Colton Ogden, for more of who's music you can download at soundcloud.com/cs50. So today we focus all the more on the art of programming. And we take where we left off last week, focusing on Scratch, which was this graphical programming language. And take things down to a lower level, using a more traditional programming language known as C. But along the way, realizing that the same ideas we talked about last Friday will recur not only in this language C, but in most every other that we look at this semester. So we called this thing here what last time? This is representative of a statement. So we called this a statement. And it does something. It's an instruction that a computer or Scratch might execute. And henceforth, let's also start calling something like this a function, for reasons we shall soon see. Meanwhile, we saw things like this. And these are generally known as what construct? AUDIENCE: Loop. DAVID J. MALAN: So a loop. So pretty straightforward. It literally does what it says. And in Scratch, if you want to cram more puzzle pieces in there, the piece will grow to fit it. And we'll see in C that we can do the same thing. Another type of loop, though, in Scratch might be forever, or there's any number of other approaches. But let's take a more generalist look, with a face that's likely quite familiar, at loops more generally. MARK ZUCKERBERG:...
Words: 17436 - Pages: 70
...1 Banco Galtar: a crise cambial brasileira de 1999 – aspectos políticos e de mercado Carlos Melo e Ricardo Rocha Orientações para discussão do Caso. O aluno deverá realizar leitura prévia identificando no texto os conteúdos que são rapidamente interpretados e o mesmo deve ser feito para os conteúdos que apresentaram algum tipo de dúvida ou indagação. As seguintes perguntas devem ser respondidas de forma preliminar e entregues antes da discussão do texto: 1) Quais os conflitos de agência (agency) presentes no texto? 2) Como funcionava o Conselho de Administração do Banco Galtar? 3) Por que Gabriel apostava na desvalorização do Real? 4) Quais os argumentos de Aderaldo em relação a proposta de Gabriel? 5) Qual o provável choque cultural em andamento no Galtar? 6) Quais os conflitos de natureza política presentes no Brasil no momento onde o caso se desenvolve? 7) Qual a opinião do cientista político Francisco Melo à respeito do governo FHC no momento que antecede o desfecho do caso? 8) Qual a atitude do Banco Central no dia 13 de janeiro de 1999 e, relação à política cambial? 9) Quais os riscos envolvidos nas alternativas estratégicas propostas pelos protagonistas? 10) Caso Gabriel e Aderaldo fossem convocados pelo Conselho para expor suas ideias/estratégias, como deveriam conduzir as propostas? 11) Como o Conselho deveria avaliar tais riscos antes da decisão? 12) Quais as perguntas que os protagonistas deveriam estrar preparados para ...
Words: 6936 - Pages: 28
...Ministers/Presidents all from the National Party of the day that entrenched and kept firm the apartheid regime for the next 46 years. Prime Minister D.F. Malan: 1948-1954 D.F. Malan is seen as the champion of Afrikaner Nationalism. His National Party government started its comprehensive implementation of apartheid. White supremacy, racial segregation and the control of migrant black workers was the order of the day. During his years in office the foundations of the Apartheid regime were firmly laid down. Under his rule the following laws came into being: * Prohibition of mixed marriages Act No. 55 of 1949 * Population registration Act No. 30 of 1950 * Group areas Act No. 41 of 1950 * Immortality amendment Act No. 21 of 1950 * Suppression of communism Act No. 44 of 1950 * Separate representation of voters Act No. 52 of 1951 * Bantu Authorities Act No.68 of 1951 * Native laws amendment Act No. 54 of 1952 * Abolition of passes Act No. 67 of 1952 * Reservation of separate amenities Act No. 49 of 1952 * Bantu education Act No.47 off 1953 These laws removed the last trace of non-white franchise and imposed segregation on almost all aspects of South African life. Prime Minister J.G. Strijdom 1954-1961: J.G. Strijdom was the prime minister of South Africa after D.F. Malan. He was a very uncompromising Afrikaner nationalist and a proponent of segregation the led the way to the establishment of the system of apartheid. ...
Words: 986 - Pages: 4
...to begin, it is first necessary to define Human Rights clearly. The Officer of High Commissioner for Human Rights state that “Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.” http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx Apartheid; A Separate Development Policy White South Africa went to the polls on 26 May 1948. The Afrikaner ( ) National Party narrowly won the election/were victorious under the stewardship of Prime Minister Daniel Francois Malan at the helm. Malan and his party set out to reinforce the development of segregation that had been in place for some fifty years prior (Shillington 2012)....
Words: 909 - Pages: 4
...The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Victoria Druehl University of Connecticut The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Introduction I. With South Africa being the first country in the world to officially legalize racism, and 30,000 deaths later, you think most people would be informed of such a mass murder that had taken place not many years ago. II. Apartheid, Afrikaans literal meaning of “Separateness or apartness,” was a system of legal, racial segregation laws enforced by the National Party government of South Africa. III. It is important to know what the people of that country have gone through to get to where they are today. IV. I would like to inform everyone on what apartheid is, what laws were implemented and enforced and the effects it had on the country. TRANSITION: In high school history we were taught about Spanish explorers, the Holocaust, the Roman Empire, Napoleon, and Jim Crow laws- but we were never taught about the apartheid in South Africa? Body I. How could we be so clueless to, quite possibly, the most influential event in the lives of many South Africans? A. In 1948, right after WWII, apartheid as an official policy was first introduced. It was an expansion of existing policies combined with a new system of institutionalized racism and white domination. 1. At the time, Whites had complete political control over all other racial groups...
Words: 1681 - Pages: 7
...comprised 20% of the nation's population, would continue to dominate the country. Although the policy began officially in 1948, the practice of racial discrimination has deep roots in South African society. As early as 1788, Dutch colonizers began establishing laws and regulations that separated white settlers and native Africans. These laws and regulations continued after the British occupation in 1795, and soon led to the channeling of Africans into specific areas that would later constitute their so-called homelands. By 1910, the year that all of the formerly separate Boer Republics united with the British colony to become the Union of South Africa, there were nearly 300 reserves for natives throughout the country. By 1948, Dr. D.F. Malan, the prime architect of apartheid, led the National Party in the first campaign that centered on openly racist appeals to white unity. The Party promised that if elected it would make permanent these reserves under the joint fundamental principles of separation and trusteeship. The National Party swept into office, winning 80 seats (mainly from Afrikaner voters), compared to the United Party’s 64 seats. Soon afterwards the new government instituted a number of policies in the name of apartheid which sought to “ensure the survival of the white race” and to keep the different races separate on every level of society and in every facet of life. One of the first acts passed was...
Words: 719 - Pages: 3
...institutionalized racism present in South Africa that lasted from 1948, with the election of Daniel Francois Malan, to 1994, with the election of Nelson Mandela. The roots of the apartheid go as far back as the European settlers, and they encountered numerous problems with the native Africans when the Dutch and English settlers began to move inland from Cape Town and encountered the Xhosa’s. The ensuing disputes over farm land evolved into Xhosa Wars, which lasted from nearly one-hundred years from 1779 to 1878. At the same time, the English and the Dutch, also known as “Boers”, warred against each other, leading the Boers to establish their own countries of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. The British then would go on to fight other African tribes, and the most prominent was known as the Zulu. To put it simply, South Africa has a long, extensive history of racial discrimination. It is far from surprising that it would have one of the most extensive and infamous racial segregation policies in modern history, but the apartheid eventually grew out of this history of racial divides and wars. Although it may be true that racism was part of their history, in reality it also became their national shame. In addition, South Africa had one of the most comprehensive instances of de jure segregation. It began when the Afrikaans (Boer) National party came into power in 1948 under Daniel Francois Malan who was elected on an apartheid platform. During his term of office, he brought about many different...
Words: 1766 - Pages: 8
...Pervasive studies regarding strategic management have inundated the business world and have conventionalized strategic management. In order to colonize a successful competitive frontier, leaders should adopt and institutionalize a strategic architecture to outline the components and structure of the strategic process (Mansfield, Fourie & Gevers, 2005). Strategic Architecture The strategic architecture emphasizes the extension and inclusion of the long-term objectives, strategic formation, and the implementation process. These components create the overall direction and success for a corporation (Mansfield, Fourie & Gevers, 2005). Strategic Architecture strives to choreograph a movement between change and stability. Architecture strategy translates business strategy into objectives for building and enhancing business capabilities together to accomplish the implementation puzzle. Development of an effective strategic architecture in an organization increases the probability of developing better strategy solutions and achieving better organization performance. Hamel and Prahalad (1990) developed their explanation of strategic architecture as (O’Shannassy & Hunter, 2009): “Consistency of resource allocation and the development of an administrative infrastructure appropriate to it that breathes life into a strategic architecture and creates a managerial culture, teamwork, a capacity to change, and a willingness to share resources, to protect proprietary skills and to think...
Words: 1432 - Pages: 6
...Whalin Malan English 1 Honors May 31, 2014 Poetry Analysis #1 An Analysis of “A Study of Reading Habits” by Philip Larkin “A Study of Reading Habits,” by Phillip Larkin is a short poem about a male character that goes through the three main stages of life and reads specific books during these times. The narrator experiences life first as a child, then a teenager, and finally an adult. The books he chooses to read express how he has changed during each stage. The author’s use of symbolism, irony, and imagery help to convey the theme that ignoring reality only makes life harder to deal with. “When getting my nose in a book/Cured most things short of school” (Larkin). In the first stanza Larkin describes a boy who uses books as a way to escape reality so that he does not have to face the harshness of life. In lines 5-6, the author uses symbolism. “deal out the old right hook/ to dirty dogs twice my size” (Larkin). It represents the speaker’s imagination while reading books. It shows that he is still a child. “The alliteration of ‘dirty dogs’ is symbolism of the persona’s bullies” (Sophtaytay). The speaker is using books to imagine beating those who bully him in the real world. “No man who was a professional librarian throughout his life… would make the statement that concludes the poem: "Books are a load of crap."” (Wood). It is ironic that an author would refer to books as “crap.” This shows that Larkin is not the speaker. It also shows how dramatically the speaker...
Words: 541 - Pages: 3
...The Stellenbosch, Paarl and Franschhoek valleys form the Cape Winelands, the larger of the two main wine growing regions in South Africa. The South African wine industry produces about 1,000,000,000 litres of wine annually. Stellenbosch is the primary location for viticulture and viticulture research. Professor Perold was the first Professor of Viticulture at Stellenbosch University. The Stellenbosch wine route, established in 1971 by Frans Malan from Simonsig, Spatz Sperling from Delheim and Neil Joubert from Spier is a world renowned and popular tourist destination.Stellenbosch consists of a Mediterranean climate, with warm and dry growing seasons, along with a variety of soils – ranging from dark, alluvial, well-draining soils in the valley to decomposed granites on the hillsides. This combination results in the production of high-quality wines, mostly reds. Cabernet Sauvignon performs exceptionally well here and produces some of the best examples in South Africa. Merlot, Pinotage and Shiraz are other notable reds. Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are the prominent whites. The South African Wine & Spirit Board operates a voluntary program that allows South African wines to be "certified" for quality and accuracy in labelling. Under this certification process, vintage dated wine must be composed of at least 85% grapes that were harvested that vintage year. Varietal wines must also be composed of at least 85% of the listed varietal. Blends, such as a Cabernet Sauvignon...
Words: 375 - Pages: 2
...American Natural Soda Ash Corporation/ Botswana Ash (Pty) Ltd. Case no: 12/CAC/Dec01. This was decided in the Competition Appeal Court of South Africa (‘CAC’) in 2003. The panel members were Jali JA, and Malan AJA, who all concurred with the written judgement of Davis JP. Facts The parties are: American Natural Soda Ash Corporation and CHC Global (Pty) Ltd (‘Ansac’) as the first and second appellant respectively, and, the Competition Commission of South Africa, Botswana Ash (PTY) Limited (‘Botash’), Chemserve Technical Products and The Minister of Trade and Industry as the first to fourth respondents respectively. Ansac is an American Corporation formed by five soda ash producers to export soda ash, and CHC Global is Ansac’s local distributor. Botash is a Botswanan distributor of Soda Ash (a competitor to Ansac), and Chemserve is Botash’s South African distributor. Botash submitted an application for interim relief against Ansac in October 1999, raising the question of whether Ansac’s activities – price-fixing – contravenes the South African Competition Act’s prohibition on restrictive horizontal practices found in section 4 of the Act. This application was later withdrawn when the Commission investigated the complaint, and itself concluded that Ansac was involved in prohibited conduct. The Commission filed its complaint referral in April 2000 and Botash later secured the Tribunal’s leave to serve an intervening complaint against Ansac. In March 2001, the Competition Tribunal...
Words: 1569 - Pages: 7
