...ASSESSMENT OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN SOME SELECTED SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE BY FAMUBO EMMANUEL OLUBUNMI MATRIC NO: FCE/IB/4372 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (SP) OYO IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NIGERIAN CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (NCE) SEPTEMBER, 2009 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project was carried out by FAMUBO, Emmanuel Olubunmi in the Department of Social Sciences of the Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo, Oyo State. …………………………. …………………………… Mr. J. O. Odewale Date Supervisor DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memory of my late father, Mr. Isaac Omotayo Famubo. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My great appreciation goes first to the Lord, my God for given me the fortitude to begin and finish this programme. I express my sincere gratitude to my wife, Bose Famubo and children for their understanding during the period this course lasted. I also express my profound gratitude to my Project Supervisor, Mr. O.J Odewale for his assistance and scholarly advice. My special thanks goes to the Director-General, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Prof. S. O. Akande, Mrs. C. O. Adelani, Mr. V. O. Akinrinlade, Mrs. P. E. Bassey, M. O. Akinyemi and others too numerous to mention for their wonderful...
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...17 Examination Malpractice in Nigerian Schools: An Obstacle to Progress in Socialization in School Environment: Causes, Effects and Remedy By OSBERT ESIKPONG ASINYA Department of English Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa. Abstract This is a high level of interaction between the school and the society. There will be no school without the society and without the school, the society will not function well. It is the school that molds the society. The school helps to develop the society. It is through the school that the various aspects of culture are conserved and transmitted. Through the school, the society provides for itself, a formal system of education for satisfying the basic requirements for its existence. With all this, one expects the schools to be a very secured environment in which changes in behaviour can be facilitated. However, this is not always the case. Many obstacles have crept into the wheel of progress thereby making socialization to be impeded. In this paper, examination malpractice is looked at as a major social problem which constitutes an obstacle to progress in socialization in school environment. When examinations are set, rules or a code of conduct which candidates must adhere to while participating in that examination are provided for. Principally, a candidate is not allowed to engage in any activity that will make the essence of the evaluation to be defeated. He/she is not allowed to take any material considered to be of advantage...
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...© Kamla-Raj 2006 J. Soc. Sci., 12(3): 193-198 (2006) A Critique of Students’ Vices and the Effect on Quality of Graduates of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Oto J. Okwu Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria E-mail: oto079@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Students; vices; education; socialization; society; social problems ABSTRACT One of the most pressing issues in minds of people in Nigeria as far as education is concerned today is that pertaining to the quality or standard of education. Qualitative education should lead to detectable gains in knowledge, skills and values. There are, however, several students’ vices that seem to be militating against realization of the desired qualitative education in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Some of these vices are cultism, drug abuse, examination malpractice, obscene dressing and sexual promiscuity/harassment. Each of these vices and the possible social and academic implications are explained. Major employers of Nigerian graduates have widely agreed on quality decline in higher education in the country, particularly in the areas of communication in oral and written English and technical proficiency. It is recommended that the responsibility of preventing or curbing general students’ vices in Nigerian tertiary institutions be a collective one resting on parents, teachers, religious leaders, authorities of the institutions as well as government. This can be done through appropriate upbringing...
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...amputated in surgery and wakes up in terror when he discovers what has happened. The newspaper claims that Mr. Benson was affected by negligence. However, that is only partially accurate; there is a distinct difference between negligence and malpractice and I believe that this is a case of malpractice. Nurses need to act on ethical and legal principles to protect themselves from legal implications. In keeping with these corrective actions, nurses also need to make sure that their documentation is accurate. Negligence and Malpractice Negligence as defined by Wacker-Guido, is “a general term that denotes conduct lacking in due care” (2010) and it is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as the “Lack of attention to what ought to be done; failure to take proper or necessary care of a thing or person; lack of necessary or reasonable care in doing something; carelessness” (“Negligence,” 2015). The Oxford English Dictionary defines malpractice as, “treatment given by a member of the medical profession that departs from a generally accepted standard of practice and results in injury to the patient, through negligence, ignorance, lack of skill, or malicious intent” (“Malpractice,” 2015). According to Wacker- Guido (2010), the definition of malpractice is “any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill, or fidelity in professional or judiciary duties” (Wacker-Guido, 2010). The difference between negligence and gross negligence, is that gross negligence is “a conscious and voluntary...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT NAME : LIMPO NAMAKAU COMPUTER NO : 11053909 COURSE : CVE 3020 LECTURER : MR. CHIDONGO PHIRI TASK : ASSIGNMENT (1) ONE LENGTH : BETWEEN 12 and 30 TYPED PAGES DUE DATE : 30th JANUARY, 2014. QUESTION : Critically discuss how the study of Public Legal Education would help school managers analyse the following; i). Public Nuisance ii). Negligence of girl child iii). Abortion Practices iv). Examination Malpractice Without rules and regulations, society would be impossible to have because freedom without boundaries results in anarchy which means total confusion. From birth, human beings’ lives, safety, health and peace are controlled by law. It is for this reason that this piece of work seeks to critically discuss how the study of public legal education would help school managers analyze public nuisance, negligence of the girl child, abortion practices and examination malpractices. According to Johari (1989), law is a set of rules which society develops for itself to control the behaviours of its members towards one another. Migel et al (2005) defines public as something that is not owned privately but in common, while legal is a word used to refer to issues, things, activities or information to do with how or what the law requires (Cooper, 1978). For a rule to be recognized as a law there should be a way of compelling people to obey it and this is done...
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...care field, the term malpractice originally encompassed only the negligent wrongs of a physician. In the past, a distinct division existed between a nurse and a physician. Rather than diagnose patients, treat symptoms, or prescribe medication, it was sufficient for the nurse to wait for and then simply implement a physician’s order. In years past it was virtually unprecedented for a nurse to criticize a physician’s order. The role of the nurse, however, has changed. Today, nurses commonly assume functions previously performed only by the physician. In hospitals and clinics across the country, nurses have assumed the responsibilities such as the actual examination, diagnosis, and treatment of a patient, oftentimes without any direct supervision by a physician. Medical malpractice is generally defined as negligence on the part of a physician, nurse, EMT, hospital or other health care professionals. Negligence is at part with failure to perform medical obligations under normal standard of care. The nurses are also involved when patients get injured either physically and/or mentally as results of medical malpractice. Due to current shortage of nursing professionals, nurses on the job are inevitably overloaded with work and duties. Nurses are not getting enough rest that they need to stay alert at all times due to longer shifts. Inattentiveness often leads to medical mistakes that cause serious harm to patients. Another root of the nurse malpractice is under qualification...
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...An Ethical Analysis of Negligence In this paper, the author will describe the main differences among negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice in the medical field. In addition, the author will explain his opinion about this article and the facts described in it as well as the rationale used to form this opinion. Furthermore, the author will describe the importance of documentation in the medical field as well as how nurses should document when providing care while complying with legal and ethical requirements. Unintentional torts are the most common torts in the medical field. Torts are acts occurred without the tortfeasor intention to cause harm; however, some type of harm results from it. Torts are also actions committed unreasonably or disregarding the consequences, in legal terms this represents negligence (Judson & Harrison, 2010). According to Judson and Harrison (2010), negligence is an unintentional tort and a person is negligent when in similar circumstances he or she did not performed as expected from a reasonable person (Judson & Harrison, 2010). Defining gross negligence is a more complicated issue. According to Thornton (2006) the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code defines gross negligence as an act of omission that when viewed from the position of the actor at the time the omission occurred it shows a significant degree of risk and possible harm to others (Thornton, 2006). In addition, the actor is aware of the risks but proceeds disregarding the rights...
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...Professor Lori Janello Application Paper Professional Liability Medical malpractice has been an issue of concern in the provision of health care for thousands of years (Young, C. C., & Williams, D. R. 2011). There may be a perception that doctors are held responsible for the majority of medical malpractice lawsuits, the reality is that nurses are often finding themselves defending the care they provide to patients. “Negligence, which is often an unintentional action, occurs when a person either performs or fails to perform an action that a reasonable professional person would or would not have performed in a similar situation.” (Fremgen, 2012). Since I work in a hospital and have the privilege of working closely with nurses on daily bases, I decided to discuss ways nurses can be held liable for negligence. Nursing malpractice occurs when a nurse fails to skillfully perform her/his medical duties and that failure brings harm to a patient. There are different ways that a nurse can harm a patient, from failing to inform a doctor when something is really wrong with a patient to administering the wrong medication. Like malpractice involving physicians, nursing malpractice happens when a nurse does not fulfill his/her duties in a way that a skilled colleague in another location would do in the similar situation, and that negligence injures the patient. In nurses malpractice cases, often the key issue is who is liable for the nurse’s illegal action the physician or...
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...U.S. Health Care Quality Analysis: Legislative History Following up to the 1999 release of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err Is Human, in 2002 a Kaiser Family Foundation survey found that only about 5% of physicians considered medical errors as a primary healthcare concern.[1] Congress, however, did not share the physicians’ nonchalant attitude and gave the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) an estimated $50 million towards minimizing medical errors.[2] Senator James Jeffords (R-VT) of the 107th Congress introduced the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (S.2590) to the Senate on June 4, 2002[3] attempting to improve the safety of patients and “…reduce the incidence of events that adversely effect patient safety.”[4] In 2003, President Bush signed into law the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act (P.L 108-173).[5] A section of this law authorized AHRQ to research effectiveness in treatments in order to set a guideline to improve the quality of care.[6] John Eisenberg helped build this program that generates summaries that can help provide health care providers with evidence-based practices that help improve quality of care delivered.[7] Realizing the importance of this research to quality of care, the president signed the Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (H.R. 1) into law on February 17, 2009, providing additional funding to continue effective research.[8] This helps to demonstrate the...
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...settlement. Yet there are some cases in which a lawsuit should be filled but is not because of unaware and uneducated of his or her options. This is why it is important to be aware of the terms negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice as well as fear of experiencing involvement in any situation containing these terms as a health care provider. As health care providers it is important to be aware of these terms as well as the laws and policies that guide each healthcare practices. This purpose of this paper is to provide the differences between legal terms gross negligence, negligence, and malpractice as well as provide a rationale for this mishap and the importance of documentation. This paper will also briefly describe ethical principles, which would guide his or her practice and how to document the case to satisfy ethical and legal requirements. Legal Terms Standards of care are generated by institutions, state, and federal agencies to help guide healthcare professional in his or her field. These standards provide and define the minimal acceptable requirements of skills and knowledge for patient care. When a healthcare provider fails to provide competent care to his or her patient, they may be found guilty of negligence, gross negligence, or malpractice (Guido, 2010). Three main elements have to be proven in a case to be valid and these elements are; duty of care, breach in...
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...Assignment : Human Resource Management Topic : Training and education in healthcare Submitted by : Vasudha kansal PRN : 12040141077 Training and Education are vital in Health Care Education is important to ensure that critical risk management and loss control information is presented to, understood and utilized by healthcare professionals and staff. These educational and training programs provide the tools required to move toward s Energized, committed and educated employees make a positive difference in a patient’s healthcare experience; untrained and undereducated employees lead to potentially unsatisfactory service situations. This is critically important since most malpractice claims and lawsuits are pursued based on patients’ feelings about those potential communication and service lapses. Developing the Loss Control Culture Research consistently shows that often the cause of malpractice claims is miscommunication and service lapses, not actual malpractice. A loss control program that focuses on eliminating service and communication lapses and stresses the importance of service excellence creates an environment where everyone wants to work and practice. More importantly, an environment is created in which the...
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...below the knee amputation of his left leg. The reason that he was having his right leg amputated was because he is diabetic and has poor circulation in his right leg. The surgery did not correct his problem but instead created bigger problems, because he still has the leg with the poor circulation and will most likely still need his right leg amputated. This was a huge mistake that the hospital staff has made. The incident of the wrong leg being amputated is a result gross negligence. This paper will be discussing the difference between negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice. It will also cover my opinion about the situation, deciding whether it was a mishap or negligence, the importance of documentation, the ethical principles that serve as a guide in the nursing practice in this situation, and how documentation should be done to satisfy ethical and legal requirements. For negligence or malpractice to be present there is a couple of things that needs to be proven such as a duty owed to the patient, breach of duty to the patient, foreseeability, causation, injury and damage. In order for there to be negligence, it has to be an injury that was caused by incompetent or inadequate standard of care. Gross negligence is much more serious than negligence. It goes a step further than just carelessness. The difference between negligence and gross negligence is that negligence is when a person fails to meet the standards of care and is caused by carelessness is not intentional...
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...follow. As a nurse, the number one legal aspect that comes to mind is acting as the patient’s advocate. In the case study, Marianne’s family was having a tough time agreeing on whether or not to go through with the surgery and what to do after the surgery. The nurse’s responsibility is to act as the liaison between the physician and the patient, but also to explain the treatment, possible outcomes and the best possible choice for the patient based on the patient’s wishes (Blais, 2011). Negligence and malpractice are two terms used a lot in the healthcare field. It is your duty as a nurse to fulfil all physician orders and to provide quality care to the patient. The patient should be checked on regularly and assessed. Medications should be cross checked and the patient should be monitored for side effects around the clock (Strader, 1985). Failure to assess and or follow up with your patient regularly could harm the patient and potentially result in death which leads to malpractice lawsuits for negligence. Nurses must be aware of their patients and communicate clearly and precisely with the physician while monitoring the patients care. Overall, many legal aspects can arise while working in the healthcare profession. To assure legal lawsuits or issues don’t arise one must follow all protocols of the facility they work for, state protocols under the Nurse Practice Act for the state in which they work, all orders given by the physician whom they are collaborating with for care of...
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........................................v Table of contents......................................................vii Prof. (Mrs.) N.Y.S Ijaiya - Re-Engineering Educational Management for Quality Education in Kwara State, Nigeria....................................1 2. Prof. Bade A. Agboola -Current Issues in Educational management in Nigeria: The Challenges of Open and Distance Education………………………………………….........15 3. Dr. M.A. Ogunu - The Present Status of Expectancy Theory..............................................................................................31 4. Dr. (Mrs.) A,T. Alabi - Teacher Professionalism and Productivity: Management Perspective...............................................................44 5. Dr. A.A. Olaoye-- Sociological Perspective to Managing School Curriculum and Resources............................................................54 6. Yahaya, Lasiele Alabi Ph.D - Relevance of Student- Assessment and Student- Advisement/ Counselling to Teaching........................77 7. Akinsolu, Abiodun Olatoun - HIV/AIDS Scourge Implications for Educational Planners in Nigeria.....................................................89 8. S.O. Afolabi - Lecturers' and Students' Perceptions on Influence of Supervision on Examination Malpractice in Kwara...
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...inform employees of all potential dangers under the right to know policy. OSHA prevents accidents from happening. That is why they are strict and walk around in the work environment to prevent “occupational injury.” 2. What should be included in a waste management plan? All health care organizations, whether a hospital, ambulatory surgery center, or nursing home, should prepare an infectious waste management plan that: Defines and designate those wastes to be considered and handled as infectious materials. Segregates infectious waste from non-infectious waste. Establishes packaging standards for waste disposal. Sets storage guidelines. Specifies disposal methods. Details contingency measures for emergency situations. Arranges for staff education. 3. What does the employee health department do to protect employees? Health care facilities need to accept responsibility for their workers. When a new employee starts a job the employer makes sure there are a physical examination and an occupational history for everyone. Most employers have periodic health appraisals for workers exposed to a hazardous environment, returning from an absence due to illness or injury, transferring to another department, or retiring. In addition to the job orientation, health safety, and environmental information, selective immunizations should be provided to all personnel on a continuing basis. Information should deal with safe work habits, the use of the occupational health unit for reporting injuries...
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