...Describing what management is and how it should function within a company is not always easy, as managing a company is a task covering lots of different areas the company has to deal with. As a manager you do not only have to apply hard skills like planning investments but also soft skills like team management and motivation. Therefore finding a universal approach, serving solutions to every question a manager could be confronted with, is a topic already keeping scientists and managers busy for centuries. As the industrial revolution with its principles of labor division and separation of ownership and control caused major changes in company structures, a tremendous amount of approaches has been developed. These very first approaches were extended with new findings or replaced, as they had weaknesses in certain areas. Nevertheless newer approaches also have their problems. In his work a manager is basically confronted with 4 different tasks, which build one continuous process of leading a company: Planning, organizing, leading and controlling. In the field of planning the manager has to take care of the right definition of goals, as well as finding the right strategies to achieve these goals. (Heather Rothbauer-Wanish, Source 4) The organizing process is about identifying the work to be done for accomplishing the determined goals and then assigning the necessary work to jobs, which are carried out by separate people or groups in the company, each dependent on the work of...
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...APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT (SUMMARY) 1. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH In response to complex problems, managers develop and test solutions focusing on finding efficient ways to perform and manage tasks, thus the classical approach of management. 1.1 Classical scientific The approach studies in detail the best way to perform a job. Founder Frederick W Taylor attempted to systematise the way a job was done, which is now seen in many modern businesses. 1.2 Classical bureaucratic This approach was pioneered by Max Weber and Henri Fayol, where bureaucracy was seen as the most efficient form of organisation. i) Planning Planning is preparing a predetermined course of action for a business. A. Strategic plans, example whereby business alliances with accountants and solicitors increase the number of clients and increasing the business profile in the long term. B. Tactical plans, example where these alliances are formed at the exclusion of other businesses allowing fulfilment of its goals. This is usually a medium-term plan C. Operational plans are short term where day to day business functions are organised to run smoothly. ii) Organising The business determines what is being done, by whom and how, thus plans translate into actions. A. Determining work activities. B. Classifying and grouping these parts then a specialised individual completes sections similar to their specialisation. C. Assigning work and delegating authority determines who is responsible for the enquiry...
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...Introduction The Everest simulation provided several situations where multiple management theories, discussed in the lectures, were applicable. Being divided into teams to complete the task helped align this simulation’s findings with a real life business setting. Contrasting roles and goals of each individual team member further enhanced the similarity to an everyday business. To conquer Everest, whether it is in reality or as part of this ‘simulation’, requires significant amounts of planning and well thought out management decisions which allow for continued success for the team as a whole. Upon review of the simulation two management concepts were more prevalent than others; ethical and social responsibility with specific focus on the utilitarianism approach and the concept of strategic planning and goal setting, within that scenario planning and crises management. The concepts applicability to both the individual and group components of the simulation will be the main focus of this report. Clarity gained from scholarly articles will also be discussed in detail. Concept 1 – Strategic Planning/Goal Setting and Scenario Planning and Crises Management Good planning is the foundation of any successful individual, team or company venture, conquering Everest is no different. The planning process is often divided into three levels. The first, strategic, focuses on long range goals and focuses on the goals of the organisation as a whole. (Steiner, 2010) Second is tactical planning...
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...Unit 2 AB140 Assignment Danielle Irvine Kaplan University The evolution of management has greatly evolved since the classical approaches beginning early as 4000 BC. During this time managers didn’t draw a strong enough correlation between production and its employees. Although classical approaches had a strong influence on contemporary, it was not until these approaches that organizational managers began to focus less on the organizations capital and more on ever changing environments and the welfare of the organizations counter parts. Through contemporary approaches theorist began to realize successful managerial decisions would need to affect employees on a psychological equal to satisfy an organizations goals. By 1950 the contemporary approaches became the foundation of management from all aspects including recognizing an organization as an open system with external influential factors. Contemporary approaches to management are; Sociotechnical Systems, Quantitative Management, Organizational Behavior and Systems Theory. Within systems theory it has be established that an organization changes inputs into output through a process that will be determined and effected by internal, competitive and macroenvironments. Each approach focuses on a specific aspect of management that would affect the external environments of an organization. In the sociotechnical system the main focus of obtaining effectiveness is by strengthening the relationship between the social system and the...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management and their Environments The different approaches to management have been changed, fine tuned and discarded over the years. In the coming paragraphs we will take a look at the contemporary approaches. We will examine how they compare to each other as well as if they can be utilized in the three types of environments; internal, competitive and macro environment. The first approach to management would be the sociotechnical systems theory. Researchers believed that for an organization to be successful it would need the social system and the technical system to work together in harmony. The social system consists of the employees, their knowledge, skills, attitude and their understanding of their job. Whereas the technical system consists of the items the employee need to complete the job like tools, devices or even techniques. Both systems would work together to create an outcome that would be beneficial to the organization. The second approach is the quantitative management approach. This approach uses mathematical or numeric techniques to calculate an organization’s issues so the manager can make an informed decision. Some techniques used are the linear equations, forecasting, simulation and breakeven analysis. This method is not used as much due to the fact an organization would need to find people that are very knowledgeable about quantitative mathematics. The third approach is the organizational behavior approach in which...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management There are four contemporary approaches to management: sociotechnical systems theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and systems theory. Sociotechnical systems theory attempts to redesign tasks to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving employees’ interpersonal aspects of the work (Bateman, 2013). This approach recognizes the interaction between people and technology in the workplace. Researchers believed that workers should be given the freedom to correct problems in the beginning stages of production and not wait until after the products were finished. This makes sense, as it would eliminate a lot of waste and production time. Quantitative management uses mathematical approaches to managerial approaches. The organizational behavior approach studies the impact of individuals, groups, and structures have on human behavior within organizations (Boundless, 2014). Finally, systems theory states that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into outputs and emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems. Sociotechnical systems theory is different from the other approaches because it deals with human and technology relationships. The employees are trained to make sure their technology helps their job performance, not hinders it. The quantitative management approach varies from the rest because it deals strictly with management problems. It is designed to...
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...Historical Approaches to Management Management, as it is known today, exists in all organizations. With the continuous growth of size and complexity of these organizations, it has become necessary to follow a defined and professional approach to the practices of management. Samson & Daft (2012) defines management as “the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources”. The foundation to modern day management theory lies in the study of one of the oldest schools of management knows as classical management which emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its developers focused on efficiency and contained three subfields: scientific, bureaucratic and administrative management. Scientific Management was a theory created by Frederick Winslow Taylor, an American engineer. He believed that the limited success in organizations during the nineteenth century was was due to poor management practices rather than poor labour. Taylor believed that by increasing specialization and the division of labour, the production process would become more efficient. He introduced the development of a science for each unit of a task of a person’s work, replacing the old ‘rule-of-thumb’ methods previously used in industry. He achieved this by studying each task and then developing a standard method to perform that job. He would then select workers with specific skills and train...
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...Project management Approaches While estimating a project, the first step is to derive the size of the project so as to guide in estimation of other parameters, such as cost, schedule, and effort. With an accurate estimation of the size of your project done, you can carry out estimation of the required effort. This conversion from project size to total project effort is done after you have defined the project development lifecycle and development process that your team should follow to specify, design, develop and test the software. Estimation of the effort required in a project requires a project manager to identify and derive, and them put together all the activities that will build up the project as per the estimated size. There are various ways to derive effort from size: Use the organization’s historical data: An ideal path is to utilize your organization's documented information to decide the amount of exertion past projects of the same size has taken. This data obviously does not guarantee the performance of equal measure, but it sure provide a baseline of the possibilities. Review available records and determine the effort applied to achieve similar activities. You can interview the people who were there in case of lack of some records. This, of course, assumes a few things (a) your association has been archiving real records on recent activities and that you will follow a comparatively similar development lifecycle, utilize a comparable advancement strategy, utilize...
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...Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management The enactment of the affordable care act has significantly changed the structure of all health care. As the focus of treatment at health care facilities all across the country transitions from specialty care and acute illnesses to preventative and long term health management, many changes have taken effect that have directly affected the approach and delivery of care. One of the greatest changes is the vast amount of patients that are now seeking health care. In an attempt to keep up with these high demands, many facilities have been left scrambling to adjust their budgets, reduce excess spending, and implement more efficient means of care delivery. Nurses throughout this process have had to adapt to a work environment that is constantly being changed and restructured. As a result, decreased job satisfaction, increased incidence of compassion fatigue, and nurse to patient ratios involving higher acuity levels have all contributed to the vast nursing shortage that is being experienced today. In addition, patient satisfaction scores and Medicare reimbursement have been greatly affected as well. Despite all of the aforementioned issues, there are some facilities that are taking the extra step to recognize and promote nursing excellence by setting the standards higher in an attempt to gain Magnet status. The focus of this writing is to compare and contrast the expectations of the approaches that nurse leaders and managers may use...
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...The four contemporary approaches to management are: systems theory, organizational behavior, quantitative management and sociotechnical systems. Each contemporary approach is influenced by an environment factor. These impacts are macro-environment, competitive environment and internal environment. The macro-environment of an organization involves variables such as political, social, legal and technological. Competitive environment of an organization involves the organization and professional players whom compete in the market place. Internal environment of an organization are components and processes within, such as employees, managers and resources. Each environment is relevant to the contemporary approaches however the approaches are unique in their own way. To elaborate more, the systems theory demonstrates that the organization’s execution relies on how efficient it is administering goods and services utilizing inputs from the external environment, in a matter that changes inputs to outputs. An open system is associations that would influenced by, and that affect, their surroundings, continually interacting with its environment (Bateman & Snell, 2012, p. 42). Internal, competitive and macro-environment are relevant to the systems theory because this approach to management deals with circumstances inside and outside of the organization. Quantitative management organizes scientific or measurable data as premise for choices...
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...For: Harry Comstock, Jim Chou, and Melissa Trifiletti Date: 4th February 2013 4 February 2013 For: Harry Comstock, Jim Chou, and Melissa Trifiletti Date: 4th February 2013 4 February 2013 Managerial Approaches Managerial Approaches Quik Clips Quik Clips EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The business proposal for Quik Clips aims to provide low-cost, quick and efficient haircuts. The business will initially open in the Perth City of Northbridge before planning to expand after one year to several salons around Perth with the long-term vision to franchise across Australia. Industry data identifies that the hairdressing industry is experiencing a skills shortage, a high turnover of staff and relies on a loyal customer base. It also identifies that overseas migration is contributing to an increasingly culturally diverse community in Perth. Given these challenges faced by Quik Clips, the objective of this report is to provide specific managerial approaches to address these challenges. This report benchmarks these managerial approaches against theoretical evidence from the classical viewpoint of ‘scientific management’ pioneered by Fredrick W Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Scientific management (also called ‘taylorism’) focuses on worker efficiency via the scientific study of work methods. The recommendations for Quik Clips are: 1. Divide tasks into specific jobs 2. Set job standards and procedures 3. Select employees with appropriate abilities...
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...AS1: Approaches to Project Management and Methodology March 2015 1. Standard approaches to manage projects Provide brief descriptions of the following standard project management approaches: (a) The traditional approach (5 steps) The traditional approach to project management identifies a sequence of five steps to be completed in chronological order, as follows: * Initiation * Planning * Execution * Monitoring * Completion/closure Most projects will incorporate these stages, even where more complex project management methods are used but it is a method suited to simple, smaller projects, which do not have multiple tasks and people within the project team. (Hom 2013) Available at: http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4014-project-management.html) Accessed 25/03/15 (b) Critical chain project management This method was developed by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt and introduced in his book ‘Critical Chain’ (1997). It applies his Theory of Constraints to address project delivery issues, such as missed deadlines and increased costs and it focuses on eliminating delays due to uncertainty and over-estimation of task duration. The critical chain is comprised of the tasks which result in the longest path to project completion, with critical resources assigned to the tasks. The project schedule is then shortened by reducing the estimated task time and buffers are built in to provide for conflicts. Available at: (http://www.goldratt.co.uk/resources/critical_chain/)...
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...Running Head: EFFECTIVE APPROACHES IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management: Nursing Staff Ratio Yu Chen Grand Canyon University: NRS-451V Nursing Leadership and Management October 11, 2015 Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management: Nursing Staff Ratio Introduction Identifying and maintaining the appropriate number and mix of nursing staff is critical to the delivery of quality patient care (American Nurses Association, 2015). Staffing issue is very important simply because this ongoing concern affects the quality of health care service, the safety of both patients and nurses. Many research shows that adequate staff ratio has close relationship with patients’ safety and recovery time of period. In this paper, different nursing leadership and approaches are discussed. Skills and methods employed by leaders and managers to address staff issue are described. My preferred approach is also presented. The Importance of the Issue The benefits and importance to maintain s safe staffing ratio is never underestimated. • Relieve nurses from overload, fatigue and burnout so that they can focus on work to reduce medical and medication errors • Plenty of nurses can provide better service and attention to patients so that complications will be decreased • Mortality could be decreased due to more frequent monitoring of patients’ health condition and prompt response from on-duty nurses and doctors ...
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...CS113: Academic Strategies for the Business Professional Unit 2 Time Management Assignment Full Name: Armijo Cooper Two-digit Section #: 18 Download this document to your computer before filling it out. Save the document (using Save As) as “YourName-Unit 2-TimeManagement” (YourName should be your first and last name. Example: “JohnDoe-Unit2-TimeManagement.doc”). Add your full name and the two-digit section number for this CS113 course to the top of this page. Objective: Consider the time needed to succeed in school. For each course you take, you should allot 12–15 hours for reading, posting Discussion comments, attending Seminars, completing Assignments, reviews and Quizzes (in applicable units). This means that if you have two courses, 24–30 hours should be allotted to school work on this calendar. >>>>> Make sure to complete Item B – Reflection as well! <<<<< Directions: Map out your academic calendar for Unit 2. You may also include any other important activities (personal or work related) during the time period for this Assignment. Save often as you work on this. CHALLENGE: Make this calendar a useful tool that you will continue to utilize throughout the entire term! Item A – Unit 2 Calendar Unit 2 Calendar: Please recognize that Wednesday is the first day of your school week. Place your times and tasks within each segment. Notice the day has been separated into three parts. Your document may expand automatically as you type. Keep this structure...
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...THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP HND Business Level 5 21rd June 2012 THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP AC2.1: Leadership Styles Introduction Concisely, leadership refers to the process through which a person manages to influence others in a coherent and cohesive manner so that they can accomplish a certain objective. Leadership practice depends on four factors namely leader, followers, communication, and situation. To a certain extent, leadership practice is closely related to management but there are certain differences that set the two organisational necessities apart. In the traditional thinking present in all organisations, leadership separates the roles of a manager from those of a leader. The rationale behind this is that managers are people who operate under control; they administer through focusing on already existing structures and systems. However, there must be a balance between both management and leadership demands for the optimal survival of any organisation. Both leaders and managers are vital for the positive performance and success of an organisation. Leadership skills model a way forward while management skills enable arriving at a set target. This means that striking a balance between leadership and management demands in an organisation requires an effective leader to carry good management skills and similarly, an effective...
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