...SBUS10040 Foundations of Management Thought Bachelor of Commerce International, University College Dublin Tutorial CRN: 74866 Tutor Name: Carolin Grampp Student Name: Brian Allen Student Number: 12459812 Submission Deadline: 7th November 2013 Essay Title: critique scientific management-as promoted by Frederick Taylor- and rational legal bureaucracy-as described and analysed by Max Weber- highlighting how they are both outcomes of enlightenment thinking. Your essay should draw on the assigned readings, as appropriate, from week two to week seven. Word count: 1000 “By submitting your work via this SafeAssign link you declare that all materials included in this submission are product of your own work and that due acknowledgement have been given in the text and in the bibliography to ALL sources, be they printed, electronic or personal. You also declare that you will not facilitate plagiarism by making your work available to others through hard copy distribution or other means. Furthermore, you declare that the submitted material has not been submitted for grading purposes in the past, be it for this module or other modules that you have undertaken as part of your studies.” Date: 6/11/13 Signature:Brian Allen Reflection: In general I found myself more capable...
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...Chronic stress, however, is not healthy for an individual, and chronic stress results in burnout. Burnout is defined in lay terms as physical or emotional exhaustion, especially as a result of long-term stress. Researchers have commonly found that individuals in the human services professions, such as health care, are more susceptible to burnout than individuals in other professions (Maslach, 1982; Pines and Aronson, 1988; Patrick, 1984; Weber, 1991). Today, the economic, political, and regulatory pressures in the healthcare industry have made an already stressful environment even more so (Dubnicki, 1991). The purpose of this study is to determine what burnout is, why it is so prevalent in the healthcare sector, and what human resources management can do to prevent burnout. Burnout Defined Pines and Aronson (1988) define burnout as a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by long-term involvement in emotionally demanding situations. Physical exhaustion comes in the form of low energy, chronic fatigue, and weakness. Emotional exhaustion is characterized by the development of negative attitudes toward oneself, work, and life itself. Maslach (1982) defines burnout as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who work with people. Emotional exhaustion is characterized by lack of energy. This kind of emotional state is also referred to as "compassion fatigue." Depersonalization...
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...SEE HOW WE CAN HELP Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Labelling theory claims that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights social responses to crime and deviance Macionis and Plummer, (2005).Deviant behaviour is therefore socially constructed. This essay will describe in full the labelling theory and comment on the importance of the theory to the deviant behaviour of the youth and the anti-social behaviour of the youth in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late 1970s when it was used as a sociological theory of crime influential in challenging orthodox positivity criminology. The key people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this view of deviance are said to have been first established by Lement, (1951) and were subsequently developed by Becker, (1963).As a matter of fact the labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant paradigm in the explanation of devience.The symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the assumption that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm but...
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...Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Labelling theory claims that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights social responses to crime and deviance Macionis and Plummer, (2005).Deviant behaviour is therefore socially constructed. This essay will describe in full the labelling theory and comment on the importance of the theory to the deviant behaviour of the youth and the anti-social behaviour of the youth in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late 1970s when it was used as a sociological theory of crime influential in challenging orthodox positivity criminology. The key people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this view of deviance are said to have been first established by Lement, (1951) and were subsequently developed by Becker, (1963).As a matter of fact the labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant paradigm in the explanation of devience.The symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the assumption that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm but as any behaviour which is successfully defined or labelled as deviant. Deviance is not the act itself but the response others give to that act which means deviance...
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...Library located in the online resources page of AIU or by clicking into the following link: Master Student Handbook We ask you to please check the Explanation, Example and Videoconference available for each one of the Phase I courses so you better understand what AIU expects from you. You can always check these documents in your student section under Document Management and click on Phase I Documents. We recommend you to click on the following link which will help you in the use of your Online Student section How Students use the Student Section. All of the Phase I assignments may be completed through these TWO options: ONLINE (Recommended): You will simply need to respond to the questions the course will ask from you when you click on START THE COURSE. OFFLINE: This means that you can save the format in your computer, complete the format entirely and then submit it to AIU. Please complete, one at a time, each of the following assignments of Phase I: 1. Communication and Investigation (Comprehensive Resume) You will be asked to provide AIU with the information of your past experience (Retrospective) along with the goals you have planned for the future (Prospective) and the Current activities you are responsible now. At the start of this course, please send us, a copy of your ID which could be your passport or your driver’s license. 2. Organization Theory (Portfolio): Look for all the documents that you think can be used as support of your previous studies...
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...A review of evidence supporting the use of Anti-Biotics in the treatment of Acute Otitis Media in children to prevent Mastoiditis. Word count: 1469 Module Leaders Jeshni Amblum & Stuart Rutland Contents Page 1. Front Sheet 2. Contents Page 3. A review of evidence supporting the use of Antibiotics in the treatment of Acute Otitis Media in children to prevent Mastoiditis. 4. Reference List 5. Appendices: i. SECAMB Clinical Management Plan/Patient Group Directive ii. FIGURE 3 - Thompson et al (2009) A review of evidence supporting the use of Antibiotics in the treatment of Acute Otitis Media in children to prevent Mastoiditis. Student no 18830 Rationale The Paramedic Practitioner (PP) role has recently adopted a number of Clinical Management plans and Patient Group Directives (PGD) increasing the scope of practice. One such PGD (Appendix i) allows for the utilisation of antibiotics, namely Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin, for the treatment of Otitis Media (OM). This essay will look at the evidence supporting the use of these antibiotics, their efficacy and if early use prevents OM from developing in to Mastoiditis. Its primary aim is to enhance a PP’s knowledge and support education working towards clinical autonomy. Description Otitis Media literally means inflammation of the middle ear (Merriam-Webster 2011) and is predominantly caused by an effusion with in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction (Dhillon and East, 1994...
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...Myocardial Infarction Mortality 1.0 Introduction In the UK, about 838,000 men and 394,000 women have had a myocardial infarction (MI) at some point in their lives, (NICE clinical guideline 48, 2007). The latest statistics from the British Heart Foundation state that approximately 227,000 people suffer from an acute MI (heart attack) each year (British Heart Foundation Statistics Website). To put this figure in to perspective this equates to one person every 2 minutes. Mortality is at approximately 30% which is 68,100 deaths in the UK per year. The National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart disease (CHD) is a 10-year programme published by the Department of Health in 2000 and has set key standards for the prevention and treatment of CHD. Access to the right treatment for those who suffer from an AMI, is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve clinical outcomes. People with diabetes mellitus constitute a group of patients who have a higher risk of having an MI and also a poorer prognosis post infarction. The higher death and complication rates appear to be multifactorial but a significant finding in the Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) Trial showed to reduce one year mortality by 30% (Malberg et al., 1995). It’s recommended 1.1 Primary Objective To determine the relationship between HbA1c and prognosis of patients in East Lancashire having a myocardial infarction. 1.2 Secondary Objectives To assess...
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...Critical Perspectives on Accounting (1996) 7 , 409 – 435 RECONSIDERING THE ‘‘SOCIAL’’ IN POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY: THE CASE OF SITE RESTORATION COSTS DEAN NEU AND CYNTHIA SIMMONS University of Calgary This paper seeks to challenge the hegemony of positive accounting theory explanations of managerial behaviour. We argue that the decontextualized perspective of positive accounting theory is limiting and that changing the perspective offers a more complete explanation of behaviour. Starting from the notion of social relations developed by Marx, we reinterpret positive theory variables as proxies for a subset of the social relations in which managers are embedded. From this perspective, a more inclusive explanation of behaviour can be obtained by considering the entire web of social relations that influence behaviour. To demonstrate the ‘‘cash value’’ of a social relations perspective, accounting for site restoration costs is used as an illustration. The results are consistent with a broad social relations perspective. ÷ 1996 Academic Press Limited Introduction ‘‘[I]t is clear there is a relation between firm’s accounting choice and other firm variables, such as leverage and size and the signs of the relations are mostly consistent across studies. Positive accounting research guided the search for empirical regularities and provided explanations for them. To date, there are no systematic alternative sets of explanations for those regularities articulated and tested...
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...company is Memorandum | Law Teacher Need help? ☎ 0115 966 7966 Enter your search terms... Search Home Services Prices Order Quality About Us Law Help Contact Us My Account You are here: Law Teacher » Company Law » Essays » Most Important Document In Constitution Of A Company Is Memorandum Of Association Company Law Essay Most important document in constitution of a company is Memorandum Search all our free law essays... These essays have been written by students for you to use to help you with your studies. If you need your own custom law essay then we can help.... Get a quote for your own law essay... 0 Translate this page Select Language ▼ Order Your Law Essay Search Share & Download Like 0 Print Download Email Order your custom law essay today to help you achieve the grade you need. Tw eet 0 Order Now Introduction The most important document in the constitution of a company is the Memorandum of Association of the company. The Articles of Association is the second most important document that needs to be registered by any company for its incorporation, registration and subsequent operation. It is a public document laying down the rules for the internal management of the company and it does not have the force of ‘law’. The provisions of the article amount to public notice, known as constructive notice. This is the doctrine of constructive notice. The effect of the doctrine of constructive notice is harsh on...
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...Scientific management is an approach that involves using scientific methods - based on proven fact rather than on tradition, rule of thumb, guesswork, precedent, personal opinion, or hearsay and is in opposition to traditional management. (Taylor 1911/1967 cited in Locke,1982, p14). Scientific management is very important when talking about business activities and performing managerial jobs efficiently. But there are still a number of criticisms concerning whether Taylor’s theory can exactly describe the job of managers and be used in today’s management. This essay will first discuss negative articles which aim to show that scientific management do not suit contemporary organisations. Following this, it will discuss some affirmative articles which argue the opposing position. Finally, it will give a conclusion as to whether Locke’s opinion is suitable for the developments of recent times. The scientific management decision making of Taylor has played a pivotal role in managerial practice in the 20th century (Wren 2011). But at the same time, increasing numbers of management authors doubt whether the availability of scientific management is still effective in today's organizations. They argue, for instance, that Taylor violated his own principles of scientific management in many instances. In the case of Bethlehem Steel Plant time studies were not systematically followed for paying the workers. Instead, Taylor used Gantt's task and bonus remuneration scheme (Taylor 1903, 1911...
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...they must attract, develop, and retain talented and productive employees. The resource-based view of the organization emphasizes, in the words of Capelli and Crocker-Heifer (1996), that ‘distinctive human resource practices help to create unique competencies that differentiate products and services and, in turn, drive competitiveness’. Therefore, winning organizations get their competitive edge from a Performance Management System (PMS) that helps them hire talented people, place them in the right position, align their individual performance with the organization’s vision and strategic objectives, appraise them, develop their abilities, and reward performance commensurate with contributions to the organization’s success. However, organizations need to understand some of the human resource practices in order to maximize the benefits, such as Performance PMS. With reference to orthodox and radical criticisms, this essay will argue the extent to which PMS is more superior to performance appraisal in managing performance in a modern organization. Performance management is a systematic process for improving organizational performance by developing the performance of individuals and teams. It is a means of getting better results by understanding and managing performance within an agreed framework of planned goals, standards, and competency requirements. (Armstrong 2009). The essential components or parts of an effective PMS include: Performance planning (includes employee goal setting...
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...many years in different forms, but since 2006, it is being increasingly adopted as a creativity technique for development of ideas and problem solving. This essay looks at the history and extant of crowdsourcing and analyses its different types in terms of value creation, along with the typology of tasks to which crowdsourcing can be applied. This essay also explores some key insights and how crowdsourcing helped in HIV research through an online game called fold.it. What is Crowdsourcing? The magnitude of intelligence, knowledge and talent spread throughout the human race has always exceeded our capacity to harness them. As a creativity method, Crowdsourcing is one of the best tools to utilize the collective power of the many to undertake and accomplish tasks that are usually the responsibility of a specialized few. Howe (2006) used the term crowdsourcing for the very first time in a Wired magazine article titled ‘The Rise of Crowdsourcing’, and he later elaborated upon the concept in his book. Howe (2008) defines crowdsourcing as “the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call.” He primarily describes crowdsourcing as a web-based business model although there are retrospective examples of crowdsourcing found before the internet years as well. In the mid-19th century, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) made an open call for contributions...
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...processes and incentives based on accuracy of work performed would be imperative. In organizations that provide services to external clients, in addition to being efficient, it is also very important for the senior management to create an environment that encourages creativity and gives employees a sense of control and belongingness, which in turn would allow employees to provide non- standardized advice to their clients. In the past, different models had been developed and tested by people to gain a better understanding of how workers would respond to different styles of management. Some of the more popular models that have been discussed widely are Taylorism, Fordism, the theory of Bureaucracy and the theory of Human Relations. This essay will discuss two opposing management models: Scientific Management and the Theory of Human Relations. The first two sections will discuss each of the models in depth. This will be followed by a discussion of key variances and similarities between the two models. Fredric Taylor was the founder of Scientific Management, also known as Taylorism. The emphasis on increasing productivity from individual workers underlines the emergence of Taylor’s Scientific Management in the beginning of the 20th century. He defined Scientific Management as a theory of...
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...INTERGRATED BUSINESS Human Relation Approach & Scientific management Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Hanoi, February 19th, 2014 Student's name: Pham Thi Ngan Binh. Table of Contents I. Introduction 5 II. Literature review 5 1. Scientific management 5 1.1 Father of scientific management 5 1.2 Definition and principles 5 1.3 Other theorist of management scientific 6 1.4 Positive and negative of scientific management 7 2. Human relation approach 8 2.1 Father of human relation approach 8 2.2 Definition and principles 8 2.4 Positive and negative of human relation approach 9 3. Organization 10 3.1 Definition 10 3.2 Characteristics of organization 10 3.3 Types of organization 11 3.4 Organization is an open system 12 3.5 Morden organization and traditional organization 12 III. Scientific management and Human relation approach in organization 13 1. Scientific management in modern organization 13 2. Human relation approach in modern organization 15 IV. Conclusion 16 V. References 16 Executive summary The objective of this essay is to evaluate whether scientific and human relation management are still implemented in organization in the 21st century. Many parts of these theories was considered such as definition, father of scientific management and human relation approach, other theorist of these theories and pros and corn of them. Besides, theory of or organization...
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...organizational behaviour at work Introduction: For this essay it is very important to understand just what organisational behaviour is: ‘the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations’ (nwlink, 2011). Our early understanding of management can attributed to the work of Taylor and Ford, in particular Taylor can be considered to be the first person to have broken down the concept of management into scientifically backed steps, laying down a blueprint for organisations the world over to follow. Taylor is considered to have fathered the idea of ‘scientific management’, which is also sometimes known as ‘Taylorism’. This is a theory that breaks down every task into small steps, which are then easily analysed and taught, the main purpose being to increase efficiency (BusinessDictionary, 2013). Fordism (the term referring to Ford’s style of work) refers to a management style ‘based on bureaucratic organization, hierarchical decision-making with strict functional specialization and tightly defined job design (scientific management) and specialized machinery to mass produce a standard product for mass markets’ (McKinlay & Starkey, 1998, p.113). There are five main elements in organisational behaviour: leadership, motivation principles, team & teamwork, managing organisational conflict, politics & negotiation and organisation structure & types. In the following essay I will elaborate on what our current understanding is of these...
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